La construcción de políticas públicas en las cooperativas de trabajo, desde un enfoque de derechos

Las Cooperativas de Trabajo juegan un papel significativo en la creación y protección del empleo habiendo mostrado su eficacia en diversos contextos. En la Argentina luego de la crisis del año 2001-2002 se implementaron programas sociales que contemplan al Cooperativismo de Trabajo como herramienta eficaz para favorecer la creación de empleo y estimular la participación colectiva. Pero, ¿dichos programas contemplan los derechos sociales del trabajador cooperativo? ¿Se han contemplado la protección y la garantía de los derechos sociales para el pleno desarrollo del trabajador cooperativo? El presente trabajo hará referencia sobre los principales programas ejecutados en la última década en el marco de las Cooperativas de Trabajos, y se intentará realizar un análisis de las mismas desde un “enfoque de derechos”. Ello permitirá desde una nueva perspectiva considerar la posibilidad de construir proyectos de políticas que promuevan el desarrollo social con una mayor igualdad e inclusión social, contemplando la participación más activa del trabajador cooperativo en dicha construcción de políticas, empoderándolo y reconociéndolo como un verdadero sujeto de derecho.Worker Cooperatives play a significant role in the creation and protection of employment. Their effectiveness has been evidenced in different contexts. In Argentina, after the crisis in 2001-2002, social programs, which acknowledge Worker Cooperatives, were implemented as an effective tool to foster employment and encourage collective participation. However, do these programs consider the social rights of the cooperative worker? Are the protection and guarantee of social rights taken into account in order to provide the full development of the cooperative worker? This work will deal with the main programs in force in the last decade as regards Worker Cooperatives, and we will analyze them with a rights approach. This analysis, from a new viewpoint, will allow us to consider the possibility of creating policy projects which foster social development with social equality and inclusion, therefore, considering a more active participation of the cooperative worker in said policy creation and empowering and acknowledging the worker as a real subject of law.Les coopératives de travail jouent un rôle essentiel pour la création et la protection de l’emploi. Leur efficacité a été prouvée dans de différentes situations. En Argentine, après la crise des années 2001-2002, ont été mis en oeuvre des programmes sociaux considérant le coopératisme de travail comme un outil idoine pour créer des emplois et encourager la participation collective. Mais, ces programmes tiennent compte des droits sociaux des travailleurs coopérants? La protection et la garantie des droits sociaux des travailleurs coopérants, fondamentales pour leur plein développement, ont été dûment considérées? Cette communication traite des principaux programmes mis en oeuvre pendant la dernière décennie concernant les coopératives de travail. Nous avons essayé d’encadrer notre analyse du point de vue d’une « approche fondée sur les droits». Cela nous permettra d'examiner sous une perspective nouvelle la possibilité de mener à bien des projets de politiques qui promeuvent le développement social avec plus d’égalité et d’inclusion sociale, ainsi que de favoriser une participation accrue des travailleurs coopérants dans cette construction, en renforçant leurs capacités et en les reconnaissant comme des vrais sujets de droit.Eje 6. Políticas públicas para la promoción de la economía social y solidaria. Su perspectiva históricaFacultad de Ciencias Económica

La construcción de políticas públicas en las cooperativas de trabajo, desde un enfoque de derechos

Las Cooperativas de Trabajo juegan un papel significativo en la creación y protección del empleo habiendo mostrado su eficacia en diversos contextos. En la Argentina luego de la crisis del año 2001-2002 se implementaron programas sociales que contemplan al Cooperativismo de Trabajo como herramienta eficaz para favorecer la creación de empleo y estimular la participación colectiva. Pero, ¿dichos programas contemplan los derechos sociales del trabajador cooperativo? ¿Se han contemplado la protección y la garantía de los derechos sociales para el pleno desarrollo del trabajador cooperativo? El presente trabajo hará referencia sobre los principales programas ejecutados en la última década en el marco de las Cooperativas de Trabajos, y se intentará realizar un análisis de las mismas desde un “enfoque de derechos”. Ello permitirá desde una nueva perspectiva considerar la posibilidad de construir proyectos de políticas que promuevan el desarrollo social con una mayor igualdad e inclusión social, contemplando la participación más activa del trabajador cooperativo en dicha construcción de políticas, empoderándolo y reconociéndolo como un verdadero sujeto de derecho.Worker Cooperatives play a significant role in the creation and protection of employment. Their effectiveness has been evidenced in different contexts. In Argentina, after the crisis in 2001-2002, social programs, which acknowledge Worker Cooperatives, were implemented as an effective tool to foster employment and encourage collective participation. However, do these programs consider the social rights of the cooperative worker? Are the protection and guarantee of social rights taken into account in order to provide the full development of the cooperative worker? This work will deal with the main programs in force in the last decade as regards Worker Cooperatives, and we will analyze them with a rights approach. This analysis, from a new viewpoint, will allow us to consider the possibility of creating policy projects which foster social development with social equality and inclusion, therefore, considering a more active participation of the cooperative worker in said policy creation and empowering and acknowledging the worker as a real subject of law.Les coopératives de travail jouent un rôle essentiel pour la création et la protection de l’emploi. Leur efficacité a été prouvée dans de différentes situations. En Argentine, après la crise des années 2001-2002, ont été mis en oeuvre des programmes sociaux considérant le coopératisme de travail comme un outil idoine pour créer des emplois et encourager la participation collective. Mais, ces programmes tiennent compte des droits sociaux des travailleurs coopérants? La protection et la garantie des droits sociaux des travailleurs coopérants, fondamentales pour leur plein développement, ont été dûment considérées? Cette communication traite des principaux programmes mis en oeuvre pendant la dernière décennie concernant les coopératives de travail. Nous avons essayé d’encadrer notre analyse du point de vue d’une « approche fondée sur les droits». Cela nous permettra d'examiner sous une perspective nouvelle la possibilité de mener à bien des projets de politiques qui promeuvent le développement social avec plus d’égalité et d’inclusion sociale, ainsi que de favoriser une participation accrue des travailleurs coopérants dans cette construction, en renforçant leurs capacités et en les reconnaissant comme des vrais sujets de droit.Eje 6. Políticas públicas para la promoción de la economía social y solidaria. Su perspectiva históricaFacultad de Ciencias Económica

La construcción de políticas públicas en las cooperativas de trabajo, desde un enfoque de derechos

Las Cooperativas de Trabajo juegan un papel significativo en la creación y protección del empleo habiendo mostrado su eficacia en diversos contextos. En la Argentina luego de la crisis del año 2001-2002 se implementaron programas sociales que contemplan al Cooperativismo de Trabajo como herramienta eficaz para favorecer la creación de empleo y estimular la participación colectiva. Pero, ¿dichos programas contemplan los derechos sociales del trabajador cooperativo? ¿Se han contemplado la protección y la garantía de los derechos sociales para el pleno desarrollo del trabajador cooperativo? El presente trabajo hará referencia sobre los principales programas ejecutados en la última década en el marco de las Cooperativas de Trabajos, y se intentará realizar un análisis de las mismas desde un “enfoque de derechos”. Ello permitirá desde una nueva perspectiva considerar la posibilidad de construir proyectos de políticas que promuevan el desarrollo social con una mayor igualdad e inclusión social, contemplando la participación más activa del trabajador cooperativo en dicha construcción de políticas, empoderándolo y reconociéndolo como un verdadero sujeto de derecho.Worker Cooperatives play a significant role in the creation and protection of employment. Their effectiveness has been evidenced in different contexts. In Argentina, after the crisis in 2001-2002, social programs, which acknowledge Worker Cooperatives, were implemented as an effective tool to foster employment and encourage collective participation. However, do these programs consider the social rights of the cooperative worker? Are the protection and guarantee of social rights taken into account in order to provide the full development of the cooperative worker? This work will deal with the main programs in force in the last decade as regards Worker Cooperatives, and we will analyze them with a rights approach. This analysis, from a new viewpoint, will allow us to consider the possibility of creating policy projects which foster social development with social equality and inclusion, therefore, considering a more active participation of the cooperative worker in said policy creation and empowering and acknowledging the worker as a real subject of law.Les coopératives de travail jouent un rôle essentiel pour la création et la protection de l’emploi. Leur efficacité a été prouvée dans de différentes situations. En Argentine, après la crise des années 2001-2002, ont été mis en oeuvre des programmes sociaux considérant le coopératisme de travail comme un outil idoine pour créer des emplois et encourager la participation collective. Mais, ces programmes tiennent compte des droits sociaux des travailleurs coopérants? La protection et la garantie des droits sociaux des travailleurs coopérants, fondamentales pour leur plein développement, ont été dûment considérées? Cette communication traite des principaux programmes mis en oeuvre pendant la dernière décennie concernant les coopératives de travail. Nous avons essayé d’encadrer notre analyse du point de vue d’une « approche fondée sur les droits». Cela nous permettra d'examiner sous une perspective nouvelle la possibilité de mener à bien des projets de politiques qui promeuvent le développement social avec plus d’égalité et d’inclusion sociale, ainsi que de favoriser une participation accrue des travailleurs coopérants dans cette construction, en renforçant leurs capacités et en les reconnaissant comme des vrais sujets de droit.Eje 6. Políticas públicas para la promoción de la economía social y solidaria. Su perspectiva históricaFacultad de Ciencias Económica

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Containment measures

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Archived - General Information (DO NOT USE)

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Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society