Erupción 1994 del volcán Popocatepelí: estimación del riesgo.

Sin resume

Evaluación de las plumas de humo de los incendios forestales de 1998 en México y la utilidad de las imágenes NOAA-AVHRR

Forests fires occur in Mexico mainly from January to April. In 1998, an extended drought produced catastrophic fires. In this paper digital techniques and teledetection methods combined with a SIG were used to help evaluate the population areas affected by smoke plumes in Central Mexico.Los incendios de vegetación ocurren en México principalmente en los meses de enero-abril. En 1998, la sequía prolongada provocó que éstos adquirieran características catastróficas. El empleo de técnicas digitales y teledetección, coadyuvan en la evaluación de población afectada por plumas de humo en el centro de Méxic

Enantiomeric separation of (-) and (+)- hyosciamine by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Interest in natural toxins produced by fungi or plants has grown in recent years due to its toxicity and its impact on feeding and animal feed and human food safety. Among these toxins, alkaloids and more specifically tropane alkaloids, are very significant and they are characterized by presenting anticholinergic activity. Tropane alkaloids are synthesized by the plants from Solanaceae family and in smaller quantities from plants from other families. This family of compounds involves more than 200 compounds, although the compounds most studied are scopolamine, atropine and (-)-hyoscyamine [1]. In the case of atropine, which is a racemic mixture of (-) and (+)-hyoscyamine, it is well known that (-)-hyoscyamine exhibit stronger anticholinergic effects than the (+)-hyoscyamine. Moreover, racemization occurs during the treatment process of the raw material and cooking procedures due to pH and temperature modifications, since only the (-)-hyoscyamine is naturally formed. For this reason, according to the EFSA interest in 2013 [1] it is necessary to develop methods which allows the separation of these two chiral enantiomers to elucidate the conditions that favor the transformation between both enantiomers, because there are not many studies that evaluate these processes. Therefore the aim of this study is the optimization of the enantioselective separation of (-) and (+)-hyoscyamine with a Chiralpak-AY3 (150x4.6 mm, 3 μm) analytical column in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been used. The developed method allowed the separation of the two target compounds in 10 min, using ethanol 0.1% diethanolamine as mobile phase. In addition, the influence of differents parameters, such as pH apparent or temperature, in the signal of the (-) and (+)-hyoscyamine was studied. Finally the method was applied to the determination of the target compounds in buckwheat samples. Performance characteristics, such as trueness (in terms of recovery), precision, linearity, detection limits (LODs) and quantification limits (LOQs) were studied. Suitable performance characteristics were obtained for a reliable determination of both enantiomers in the selected samples

Effect of an educational intervention in primary care physicians on the compliance of indicators of good clinical practice in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus [OBTEDIGA project]

[Abstract] Aim. To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention among primary care physicians on several indicators of good clinical practice in diabetes care. Methods. Two groups of physicians were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group (IG and CG). Every physician randomly selected two samples of patients from all type 2 diabetic patients aged 40 years and above and diagnosed more than a year ago. Baseline and final information were collected cross-sectionally 12 months apart, in two independent samples of 30 patients per physician. The educational intervention comprised: distribution of educational materials and physicians' specific bench-marking information, an on-line course and three on-site educational workshops on diabetes. External observers collected information directly from the physicians and from the medical records of the patients on personal and family history of disease and on the evolution and treatment of their disease. Baseline information was collected retrospectively in the control group. Results. Intervention group comprised 53 physicians who included a total of 3018 patients in the baseline and final evaluations. CG comprised 50 physicians who included 2868 patients in the same evaluations. Measurement of micro-albuminuria in the last 12 months (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4) and foot examination in the last year (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1–3.6) were the indicators for which greater improvement was found in the IG. No other indicator considered showed statistically significant improvement between groups. Conclusions. The identification of indicators with very low level of compliance and the implementation of a simple intervention in physicians to correct them is effective in improving the quality of care of diabetic patients

Quality of care of patients with type-2 diabetes in Galicia (NW Spain) [OBTEDIGA project]

[Abstract] Aims:  The aim of this study was to describe the degree of compliance of agreed practices with reference to primary care patients with Type 2 diabetes of 40 years old and older in Galicia (NW Spain). Methods:  A total of 108 primary care physicians were selected at random from the totality of doctors. Each physician selected 30 patients at random from their patients suffering from diabetes of 40 years old or older. External observers gathered information from each patient’s medical record regarding their characteristics, condition and degree of compliance of selected indicators of good practice. Results:  Group of physicians participated in this study had a mean age of 50 years (standard deviation = 3.9); 48% of them were females; and 17.5% involved in medical residents training. A total of 3078 diabetic patients were included in the study: mean age = 69 years (SD = 10.9), 47.6% women, presence of high blood pressure (72%), hypercholesterolaemia (56%), and regular smokers (10.3%). Compliance with selected indicators such as foot examination (14%), ophthalmological examination (30.6%), abdominal circumference measurement (6.1%), measurement of total or LDL-cholesterol (78.1), blood pressure measurement (84.8), glycosylated haemoglobin measurement < 7% (54.3%) was observed. Adequate monitoring in cases of high blood pressure and hypercholesterolaemia were 34.2% and 27.4%, respectively. Variability between physicians differs according to the different indicators, with interquartile range for compliance of between 16.4 and 66%. Conclusions:  There is a wide margin for improvement in the adaptation of clinical practice to recommendations for diabetic patients. The large variation existing in certain indicators would suggest that certain control objectives are less demanding than advisable in those that comply least, while low compliance and low variability in other indicators point to structural problems or unsatisfactory training of doctors

Compuesto deuterados de flonicamida, procedimiento de preparación y uso de los mismos

ES2644163 A1 (27.11.2017) P201600466 (27.05.2016)Compuestos deuterados de flonicamida, procedimiento de preparación y uso de los mismos. La invención se refiere a un compuesto deuterado de flonicamida, de fórmula (I) en la que R1 es un grupo seleccionado entre -CH2-CN y -CH2-COOH; y R2 es H, y en la que al menos un átomo de hidrógeno en R1 o en R2 está sustituido por deuterio; a su procedimiento de obtención y a su uso como patrón para la detección y cuantificación de flonicamida y derivados mediante técnicas cromatográficas acopladas a espectrometría de masas.UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERÍ

Unravelling plant protection product analysis: use of chromatography techniques (GC and LC) and high resolution mass spectrometry

This study proposes a methodology for the characterization of plant protection products (PPPs) based on suspect and unknown analyses. This was divided in three main stages: sample preparation, separation and detection, and data analysis. Sample preparation was based on dilute and shoot strategies employing different solvents depending on both the type of compounds and the type of PPPs to be analyzed. Chromatographic techniques, as liquid (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyzers are used for the separation and detection stage. HRMS allowed a huge number of possibilities in terms of data acquisition, and this work reveals the most suitable options and the principal parameters to maximize the number of features and to perform an accurate detection. Finally, tips and recommendations to perform data analysis are indicated, providing the pre-processing and processing strategies to perform suspect screening and unknown analysis

Intrinsic Subtypes and Gene Expression Profiles in Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer

Biological changes that occur during metastatic progression of breast cancer are still incompletely characterized. In this study, we compared intrinsic molecular subtypes and gene expression in 123 paired primary and metastatic tissues from breast cancer patients. Intrinsic subtype was identified using a PAM50 classifier and χ 2 tests determined the differences in variable distribution. The rate of subtype conversion was 0% in basal-like tumors, 23.1% in HER2-enriched (HER2-E) tumors, 30.0% in luminal B tumors, and 55.3% in luminal A tumors. In 40.2% of cases, luminal A tumors converted to luminal B tumors, whereas in 14.3% of cases luminal A and B tumors converted to HER2-E tumors. We identified 47 genes that were expressed differentially in metastatic versus primary disease. Metastatic tumors were enriched for proliferation-related and migration-related genes and diminished for luminal-related genes. Expression of proliferation-related genes were better at predicting overall survival in metastatic disease (OSmet) when analyzed in metastatic tissue rather than primary tissue. In contrast, a basal-like gene expression signature was better at predicting OSmet in primary disease compared with metastatic tissue. We observed correlations between time to tumor relapse and the magnitude of changes of proliferation, luminal B, or HER2-E signatures in metastatic versus primary disease. Although the intrinsic subtype was largely maintained during metastatic progression, luminal/HER2-negative tumors acquired a luminal B or HER2-E profile during metastatic progression, likely reflecting tumor evolution or acquisition of estrogen independence. Overall, our analysis revealed the value of stratifying gene expression by both cancer subtype and tissue type, providing clinicians more refined tools to evaluate prognosis and treatment. Cancer Res; 77(9); 1-9. ©2017 AACR