8 research outputs found

    Superplasticidad de aceros de baja aleación con grano ultrafino: Superplasticity of ultrafine grained low-alloy steels

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    Write Steels with ultrafine grained structure may present superplastic behavior at specific temperatures and strain rates that allow the grain boundary sliding mechanisms to be activated. The superplastic behavior implies deformation to large strains by grain-boundary sliding with diffusional accommodation, as described by the Ashby-Verrall model. The work presents high temperature tension tests in a low carbon, low alloy steel obtained by advanced thermomechanical controlled rolling processes, showing at 800°C elongations as high as 200%.The microstructure of the steel was analyzed in order to identify ferrite and pearlite grain boundaries, and their interaction after the specimens were deformed. Microanalytical techniques (Optical and SEM) show evidence of: damage growth that prevents the development of higher elongations to failure, non-uniform flow (relative movement-rotation of grains in close proximity to each other) and intergranular non-superplastic deformation (quasi-uniform flow); thus leading to premature failure.Los aceros con estructura de grano ultrafino pueden presentar comportamiento superplástico a temperaturas y velocidades de deformación específicas, que faciliten la activación de los mecanismos de deslizamiento de fronteras de grano. El comportamiento superplástico implica deformaciones elevadas por procesos de deslizamiento de fronteras de grano con acomodo de materia por difusión, tal como lo describe el modelo de Ashby-Verrall. El trabajo presenta pruebas de tensión a temperatura elevada en aceros de bajo carbono y baja aleación obtenidos por procesos avanzados de rolado controlados termomecánicamente, mostrando a 800°C elongaciones de hasta el 200%. La microestructura del acero se analizó para poder identificar las fronteras de grano de la ferrita y de la perlita, y su interacción después de que la probeta fue deformada. Las técnicas de microanálisis (óptico y SEM) muestran evidencia de: crecimiento de defectos que impiden alcanzar elongaciones a ruptura mayores, flujo no uniforme (movimiento-rotación relativo de granos próximos entre sí) y deformación intergranular nosuperplástica(flujo cuasi-uniforme), resultando todo esto en fractura prematura

    Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Steel

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    This book covers the physical metallurgy of steels as well as the heat treatments used to improve the their properties. A full chapter is dedicated to the atmospheres in the steelmaking, including the implications of the own gases generated in the iron and steelmaking factories and how they could be applied in these treatments. This book is specially conceived for graduate and undergraduate courses, being the result of more than 30 years of teaching experience in courses for undergraduate, graduate (master and Ph. D.), and companies (technicians). The trends in the re-utilization of industrial gases in the iron and steelmaking process are discussed by the authors. Additionally, the book comprises 41 solved exercises, problems and case-studies, as a complement of the theoretical sections of the text. These exercises, problems, and case-studies are based on problems observed in the industrial practice.Peer reviewe

    Superplasticidad de aceros de baja aleación con grano ultrafino: Superplasticity of ultrafine grained low-alloy steels

    No full text
    Write Steels with ultrafine grained structure may present superplastic behavior at specific temperatures and strain rates that allow the grain boundary sliding mechanisms to be activated. The superplastic behavior implies deformation to large strains by grain-boundary sliding with diffusional accommodation, as described by the Ashby-Verrall model. The work presents high temperature tension tests in a low carbon, low alloy steel obtained by advanced thermomechanical controlled rolling processes, showing at 800°C elongations as high as 200%.The microstructure of the steel was analyzed in order to identify ferrite and pearlite grain boundaries, and their interaction after the specimens were deformed. Microanalytical techniques (Optical and SEM) show evidence of: damage growth that prevents the development of higher elongations to failure, non-uniform flow (relative movement-rotation of grains in close proximity to each other) and intergranular non-superplastic deformation (quasi-uniform flow); thus leading to premature failure.Los aceros con estructura de grano ultrafino pueden presentar comportamiento superplástico a temperaturas y velocidades de deformación específicas, que faciliten la activación de los mecanismos de deslizamiento de fronteras de grano. El comportamiento superplástico implica deformaciones elevadas por procesos de deslizamiento de fronteras de grano con acomodo de materia por difusión, tal como lo describe el modelo de Ashby-Verrall. El trabajo presenta pruebas de tensión a temperatura elevada en aceros de bajo carbono y baja aleación obtenidos por procesos avanzados de rolado controlados termomecánicamente, mostrando a 800°C elongaciones de hasta el 200%. La microestructura del acero se analizó para poder identificar las fronteras de grano de la ferrita y de la perlita, y su interacción después de que la probeta fue deformada. Las técnicas de microanálisis (óptico y SEM) muestran evidencia de: crecimiento de defectos que impiden alcanzar elongaciones a ruptura mayores, flujo no uniforme (movimiento-rotación relativo de granos próximos entre sí) y deformación intergranular nosuperplástica(flujo cuasi-uniforme), resultando todo esto en fractura prematura

    Influence of strain rate and heat treatments on tensile and creep properties of Zn-0.15Cu-0.07Ti alloys

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    The use of Cu and Ti in Zn alloys improves mechanical properties as solid solution and dispersoid particles (grain refiners) may harden the material and reduce creep deformation. This is one of the main design problems for parts made with Zn alloys, even at room temperature. In this work the mechanical behavior of a Zn-Cu-Ti low alloy is presented using tensile tests at different strain rates, as well as creep tests at different loads to obtain the value of the strain rate coefficient m in samples parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction of the Zn strip. The microstructure of the alloy in its raw state, as well as heat treated at 250°C, is also analyzed, as the banded structure produced by rolling influences the strengthening mechanisms that can be achieved through the treatment parameters

    Sinterización de minerales de hierro. Parte 3: Sistemas automáticos y de control

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    The sintering process involves a large number of parameters, more than 500, each of which exerts a greater or lesser influence and needs to be controlled, within the possible limits, in order to optimise productivity, process stability, and standardise the composition and quality of the sinter produced. To comply with environmental legislation, a pollution control system must monitor the particle matter and gases generated and emitted into the atmosphere by the sinter plant. Automation and control systems are vital tools to assist plant operators in the monitoring of each stage of the sinter production process.El proceso de sinterización implica un gran número de parámetros, más de quinientos, cada uno de los cuales ejerce una mayor o menor influencia y necesita ser controlado, dentro de los límites posibles, con el fin de optimizar la productividad, la estabilidad del proceso, y la composición y la calidad de la sinterizado producido. Para cumplir con la legislación ambiental, un sistema de control de la contaminación debe monitorizar la composición de las partículas y los gases generados en la planta de sinterización y emitidos a la atmósfera. Los sistemas de automatización y control son herramientas vitales para ayudar a los operadores de la planta en el seguimiento de cada etapa del proceso de producción de sinterizado.0.302 JCR (2015) Q4, 77/85 Engineering, multidisciplinaryUE
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