Poland in the Period of Partitions 1795–1914

The present book “Poland – History, Culture and Society. Selected Readings” is the third edition of a collection of academic texts written with the intention to accompany the module by providing incoming students with teaching materials that will assist them in their studies of the course module and encourage further search for relevant information and data. The papers collected in the book have been authored by academic teachers from the University of Łódź, specialists in such fields as history, geography, literature, sociology, ethnology, cultural studies, and political science. Each author presents one chapter related to a topic included in the module or extending its contents. The book contains the extensive bibliograph

Ukraine 2014 – The End of the Second European Belle Époque

This article is devoted to the roots of the developments that have taken place in Ukraine since Autumn 2013 and up to the Russian invasion. It stresses the historical differences between Ukraine and Russia, presents the international milieu of Ukrainian independence in the years 1991–2013, and ends with a description of the nature of the Maidan revolution and the pan-European challenge created by the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The main thesis is that the struggle for Ukraine ends the post-Cold War epoch marked with an illusion of eternal peace in Europe and with the groundless hope for Russian imperialism to expire

History and Contemporary Politics of Poland 1939–2003

The present book “Poland – History, Culture and Society. Selected Readings” is the third edition of a collection of academic texts written with the intention to accompany the module by providing incoming students with teaching materials that will assist them in their studies of the course module and encourage further search for relevant information and data. The papers collected in the book have been authored by academic teachers from the University of Łódź, specialists in such fields as history, geography, literature, sociology, ethnology, cultural studies, and political science. Each author presents one chapter related to a topic included in the module or extending its contents. The book contains the extensive bibliography

Manhattan orbifolds

We investigate a class of metrics for 2-manifolds in which, except for a discrete set of singular points, the metric is locally isometric to an L_1 (or equivalently L_infinity) metric, and show that with certain additional conditions such metrics are injective. We use this construction to find the tight span of squaregraphs and related graphs, and we find an injective metric that approximates the distances in the hyperbolic plane analogously to the way the rectilinear metrics approximate the Euclidean distance.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures. Some definitions and proofs have been revised since the previous version, and a new example has been adde

Design of Functionally Graded Materials Using Transient Nonlinear Simulations and Genetic Algorithm Optimization

The objective of this research is to develop a robust methodology for the design of functionally graded materials (FGMs). FGMs are advanced composite materials that are engineered to have a smooth spatial variation of material properties. This is achieved by gradually varying the relative volume fractions and microstructure of the material constituents during fabrication. FGM components typically exhibit smaller stresses and higher factors of safety than discretely bonded monolithic materials. The aim of this research project is to create a unified framework for the simultaneous optimization of structural shape, compositional profile and microstructure of metal/ceramic FGMs that are subjected to time varying thermal and mechanical loads. The proposed technique utilizes a nonlinear elastoplastic model and numerical simulations using a meshless method to accurately analyze candidate designs. A robust multi-objective genetic algorithm will be used to simultaneously optimize structure shape, fractional composition and microstructure of the material. If successful, this project will result in a powerful design tool that could assist engineers and other professionals engaged in the design process with FGMs. It will benefit society by contributing new knowledge regarding the simulation and optimization of FGMs and by reducing the failure of mechanical components. A user-friendly software package implementing the proposed method will be developed and distributed freely on the Internet through the PI\u27s web page. The educational plan will emphasize design as an important element of engineering education by incorporating computer-aided analysis, shape and material optimization to the PI\u27s machine design and composite materials courses

The Study of Crowdsourcing in Knowledge Management: The Role of Employees\u27 Innovative Behavior on Job Performance

Employees are a main source of innovative ideas via their insights on companies’ products, processes, customers, and competitors. Enterprise crowdsourcing systems (ECSs) are used to collect, refine, and realize ideas. However, only a small percentage of employees submit ideas – about 7.7% at Pfizer, 2% at HCL Technologies, and 3% at Polaris Industries. Why is employee participation low? More specifically, what factors can lead employees to actively use ECS to submit and share their innovative ideas for improving their job performance? In this research, we used a multi-actor dyadic survey to survey 183 employees and their managers and conducted data analysis to understand the impact of ECS factors on employees’ job performance. Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach using Smart PLS was used to test both the measurement and structural models, and the results lend support for the proposed research model. The findings of the study confirm that knowledge sharing and employees’ cognitive features have a positive effect on effective knowledge application (EKA), and in turn, EKA increases employees’ ECS satisfaction, innovative behavior, and job performance. The study also confirmed that employees’ ECS satisfaction and innovative behavior have a positive effect on their job performance. The findings of this study can help organizations refine their ECSs and innovation initiatives to increase employees’ participation, innovative behavior, and job performance by enabling and supporting knowledge sharing among them, and implementing ECS with a solid, reward system meeting employees’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors

A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION OF AASAI PACKAGED DRINKING WATER AT TRICHY

Employee motivation is the key factor to boost up the function of an organization through monitory and non-monitor benefits. In the globalization phase, every company needs to sustain in the fierce competitive market. Employees are main factors to manifest the business goals into reality to all the business organization. In the pandemic (COVID 19) situation many business organization were closed because employee shortage is one of the main reason. Therefore, in today's world every organization tries to manage their human resource department to keep their employees motivated. In that context some of the management theories have been practicing by them. Business function or their performance in the market can be evaluated by assess the level of motivation of employees. Motivation can play a lead role to get the professional milestone in each financial year in less effort manner. Key Words: Employees, Motivation, Aasai Packaged Drinking Wate