Citizenship and identity: being Hungarian in Slovakia and Romanian in Serbia and Ukraine

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Statistical Analysis of the Hydrological and Hydrometeorological Characteristics of the Upper Tisza Basin

Tisza is the largest water base in the eastern part of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, in north-eastern Hungary, and its indirect use is mainly associated with agriculture. Our work investigates the hypothesis that decrease in water levels and water discharges of the Upper Tisza in recent decades, together with the incision of the riverbed and the precipitation falling in the area, have an impact on the groundwater level of the Szatmár-Bereg Plain. In our study, data from three water gauges located between the settlements of Tiszaújlak and Vásárosnamény and data from groundwater level monitoring wells (MW) and Hydrometeorological (HMS) stations on the Szatmár-Bereg Plain were compared using statistical methods in Past 4.11 software. The aim of the current study was to identify the strategic steps that need to be taken by the organisations responsible for water management in the Upper Tisza basin in the light of the changes in hydrological, hydrometeorological, and meteorological factors. To ensure that the region has sufficient water supplies for the next decade, appropriate water management and agricultural strategies could be the solution

Statistical Analysis of the Hydrological and Hydrometeorological Characteristics of the Upper Tisza Basin

Tisza is the largest water base in the eastern part of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, in north-eastern Hungary, and its indirect use is mainly associated with agriculture. Our work investigates the hypothesis that decrease in water levels and water discharges of the Upper Tisza in recent decades, together with the incision of the riverbed and the precipitation falling in the area, have an impact on the groundwater level of the Szatmár-Bereg Plain. In our study, data from three water gauges located between the settlements of Tiszaújlak and Vásárosnamény and data from groundwater level monitoring wells (MW) and Hydrometeorological (HMS) stations on the Szatmár-Bereg Plain were compared using statistical methods in Past 4.11 software. The aim of the current study was to identify the strategic steps that need to be taken by the organisations responsible for water management in the Upper Tisza basin in the light of the changes in hydrological, hydrometeorological, and meteorological factors. To ensure that the region has sufficient water supplies for the next decade, appropriate water management and agricultural strategies could be the solution

Alluvial Ridge Development and Structure: Case study on the Upper Tisza, Hungary

The juxtaposition of natural levees results in alluvial ridges with a unique fluvial record. Our aims were to (1) identify the alluvial ridges of the Upper Tisza (Hungary); (2) determine their morphological char- acteristics; and (3) reconstruct the Late Quaternary fluvial history of the region. The oldest paleo-meander was abandoned ca. 29 ka ago; referring to early avulsion of the Tisza. Five alluvial ridges were identified with intensive fluvial activity at ca. 12-13 ka, 7.7-8.6 ka, 6.1-6.6 ka, 4.8 and 2.9 ka ago. Moderate fluvial activity was indicated by early Atlantic and Subboreal paleosols. The sedimentation rate in the paleo-channels (0.3-0.5 mm/y) and on the alluvial ridges (0.3-0.5 mm/y) was slow, influenced by the reactivation of a paleo-channel

ACCUMULATION STUDIES AT SPECIFIC SAMPLING AREAS OF THE ACTIVE FLOODPLAIN IN THE UPPER-TISZA REGION

In this paper the rate of accumulation was studied along four VO floodplain cross sections of the UpperTisza region between 1974 and 2014. VO floodplain cross sections are based on a mapping base-point grid (established in 1890), and they are located a few kilometers from each other. Furthermore, the roughness changes of different surface types, crossed by the VO floodplain cross-sections, were also determined between 1965 and 2015. The accumulation studies were extended to include the accumulation rates of the cut off meanders located along and/or close to the VO cross-sections. The roughness values increased in all four floodplain VO cross-sections since 1965; in two of them it reached or approximated 100 %. The average accumulation along the VO cross-sections was between 28 and 47 cm (0.73–1.23 cm/year) during the 38-year period. However, its areal distribution showed large differences. The highest values (169–309 cm, i.e. 4.44–8.13 cm/year) were found at the lowest points of the cut off meanders and swales in every case. The accumulation rate of the examined three cut off meanders near the floodplain cross-sections (140 and 1570 meters from the river bed) was lower (0.84–2.5 cm/year), but the study period was significantly longer (154 and 161 years, respectively). Comparing the values of the two periods, it is obvious that the accumulation of the active floodplain accelerates, presumably due to the significant increase of surface roughness