Repercusiones psicológicas de la enfermedad respiratoria crónica pediátrica en los pacientes y en sus cuidadores

El reto de adaptarse a la adolescencia, una etapa de desafío y de grandes cambios en todos los niveles, puede verse agravado por la presencia de un problema de salud crónico. Siendo que el asma bronquial (AB) es el diagnóstico más frecuente en las consultas de pediatría y en las urgencias hospitalarias, y que este puede generar un impacto psicológico negativo, tanto en el adolescente como en la familia. Se considera necesario estudiar en mayor profundidad el ajuste emocional ante la enfermedad de la díada cuidador-adolescente. A su vez, conocer el impacto de la enfermedad crónica en el ajuste emocional en la adolescencia. El objetivo principal del presente estudio ha sido analizar las principales características psicológicas, familiares y de ajuste al diagnóstico en la población adolescente con AB y sus cuidadores familiares principales. Para analizar las repercusiones a nivel psicológico que produce el AB, se comparó la muestra de pacientes pediátricos con una muestra de adolescentes normativos. La muestra está compuesta por 450 adolescentes (150 adolescentes con AB y 300 sanos) de entre 12 y 16 años (M=13,61 y DT=1,84), y los 140 cuidadores familiares principales correspondientes a cada uno de los pacientes pediátricos, con edades entre 27 y 63 (M=45,43 y DT=5,03). El diseño de este estudio es de corte transversal y la evaluación se llevó a cabo entre febrero de 2016 a febrero de 2020. Las variables analizadas a través de autoinformes fueron autoestima, bienestar psicológico, psicopatología emocional y comportamental, y estilos parentales en el caso de todos los adolescentes. Además de manera adicional en la muestra de los adolescentes con asma se evaluó la calidad de vida y percepción de amenaza de enfermedad. Por otro lado, se evaluaron el funcionamiento familiar, estrés ante el cuidado, malestar emocional y apego adulto en el caso del cuidador. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia del papel relevante que tiene la familia en el proceso de adaptación. Un dato que destacar ha sido la buena adaptación a la adolescencia observada en sujetos con AB en comparación a sus iguales sin enfermedad, que podría ser debido al apoyo familiar recibido o a su propia capacidad de crecimiento ante una situación adversa. Es por ello por lo que se observa es que los adolescentes con AB no presentan un peor ajuste emocional en comparación a sus iguales sanos. A su vez, los cuidadores muestran mayores dificultades ante el diagnóstico de los pacientes pediátricos. Por otra parte, existe cierto contagio emocional entre la díada paciente-cuidador. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos avalan la necesidad de realizar una evaluación como la planteada en el presente estudio, ya que ha aportado información valiosa tanto como para tener una mayor comprensión sobre el estado de la adaptación de estas poblaciones (adolescentes y cuidadores) al diagnóstico de AB, como por el hecho de que se ha aportado información relevante que ayuda a comprender la necesidad de llevar a cabo intervenciones para mejorar el bienestar emocional y la calidad de vida del sistema familiar, por tanto, resulta de gran importancia el trabajo desde un punto de vista multidisciplinar. Para conseguir una adecuada adaptación al diagnóstico, sería interesante desarrollar y promover programas de prevención y/o intervención sobre tres focos distintos: en los profesionales que trabajan diariamente con ellos, en los cuidadores familiares, y en los propios sujetos con AB. Sería interesante realizar programas de apoyo para estos adolescentes, donde se refuercen positivamente las características psicológicas que promueven una adecuada adaptación, así como desarrollar estrategias de afrontamiento que refuercen su capacidad de hacer frente a las situaciones socialmente adversas a las que pueden verse expuestos.The challenge of adjusting to adolescence, a time of challenge and great change at all levels, can be compounded by the presence of a chronic health problem. Bronchial asthma (BA) is the most frequent diagnosis in paediatric consultations and hospital emergency departments, and this can have a negative psychological impact on both the adolescent and the family. It is considered necessary to study in greater depth the emotional adjustment to the illness of the caregiver-adolescent dyad. At the same time, the impact of chronic illness on emotional adjustment in adolescence needs to be studied. The main objective of the present study was to analyse the main psychological, family and adjustment to the diagnosis in the adolescent population with AB and their main family caregivers. To analyse the psychological repercussions of AB, the sample of paediatric patients was compared with a sample of normative adolescents. The sample is composed of 450 adolescents (150 adolescents with AB and 300 healthy adolescents) aged 12-16 years (M=13.61 and SD=1.84), and the 140 primary family caregivers corresponding to each of the paediatric patients, aged 27-63 (M=45.43 and SD=5.03). The design of this study is cross-sectional, and the evaluation was conducted between February 2016 and February 2020. The variables analysed through self-reports were self-esteem, psychological well-being, emotional and behavioural psychopathology, and parenting styles in the case of all adolescents. In addition, quality of life and perceived threat of illness were also assessed in the sample of adolescents with asthma. On the other hand, family functioning, caregiving stress, emotional distress and adult attachment were assessed in the case of the caregiver. The results show the importance of the important role of the family in the adaptation process. A noteworthy finding was the good adaptation to adolescence observed in subjects with AB compared to their peers without the disease, which could be due to the family support received or to their own capacity for growth in the face of an adverse situation. This is why it is observed that adolescents with AB do not show worse emotional adjustment compared to their healthy peers. At the same time, caregivers show greater difficulties when faced with the diagnosis of paediatric patients. On the other hand, there is some emotional contagion between the patient-caregiver dyad. In conclusion, the results obtained support the need to carry out an assessment such as the one proposed in this study, as it has provided valuable information both to gain a better understanding of the state of adaptation of these populations (adolescents and caregivers) to the diagnosis of AB, as well as the fact that it has provided relevant information that helps to understand the need to carry out interventions to improve the emotional well-being and quality of life of the family system, therefore, it is of great importance to work from a multidisciplinary point of view. To achieve an adequate adaptation to the diagnosis, it would be interesting to develop and promote prevention and/or intervention programmes on three different focuses: on the professionals who work with them on a daily basis, on the family carers, and on the subjects with AB themselves. It would be interesting to carry out support programmes for these adolescents, where the psychological characteristics that promote adequate adaptation are positively reinforced, as well as developing coping strategies that reinforce their ability to cope with the socially adverse situations to which they may be exposed

How effective are psychological treatments for internet gaming disorder? An umbrella review

Behavioural addictions such as Internet addiction (IA) and, more specifically, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) or video game addiction, have increased their prevalence in recent years in the child and adolescent population. The aim of the present study was to review and synthesise the existing evidence on the effectiveness of psychological treatments for addressing this addiction, as well as to compare them with other types of treatment. To this end, an in-depth search for systematic reviews and meta-analyses was carried out across different databases (WOS, Scopus, PubmMed, Cochrane), inclusion and exclusion criteria were set, and guidelines for the search strategy were defined, as well as the study selection method. A total of 14 reviews and meta-analyses were reviewed. The results showed that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was the most studied psychological treatment, consistently showing effectiveness in reducing the symptoms and severity of IA/IGD. Furthermore, CBT appeared to be more effective when combined with other types of treatment such as pharmacological treatment. It is concluded that there is a need to investigate the effectiveness of psychological treatments for IA/IGD separately in order to provide appropriate interventions to reduce the severity of addiction and improve the quality of life and well-being of children and adolescents¿Qué eficacia tienen los tratamientos psicológicos para el trastorno de juego por internet? Una revisión de revisiones. Las adicciones conductuales como la adicción a internet (IA) y, concretamente, el trastorno de juego por internet (IGD) o adicción a videojuegos, han aumentado su prevalencia en los últimos años en población infanto-juvenil. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión de revisiones para agrupar y sintetizar la evidencia existente acerca de la efectividad de los tratamientos psicológicos para abordar este tipo de adición, así como compararlos con otros tipos de tratamiento. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de revisiones sistemáticas y/o meta-análisis en diferentes bases de datos (WOS, Scopus, PubmMed, Cochrane), se establecieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y se definió la estrategia de búsqueda, así como el método de selección de los estudios. En total se revisaron 14 revisiones y meta-análisis. Los resultaron evidenciaron que la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) fue el tratamiento psicológico más estudiado, mostrando consistentemente efectividad para reducir los síntomas y la severidad de IA/IGD. Además, la TCC parece ser más efectiva cuando se combinaba con otros tipos de tratamiento como el farmacológico. Se concluye la necesidad de investigar la efectividad de los tratamientos psicológicos para IA/IGD de manera diferenciada con el objetivo de establecer intervenciones adecuadas que permitan reducir la gravedad de la adicción y mejorar el bienestar y la calidad de vida de los niños y adolescente

Belief in a just world and aspects of family functioning in emerging adulthood: Comparative analysis regressions vs QCA

The belief in a just world refers to individuals' belief that the world is a just place where everyone gets what they deserve Although it is created in childhood, it plays an adaptive role throughout the life cycle. This paper analyses the relationships between belief in a just world and variables of family functioning in the Spanish population during emerging adulthood, comparing multiple linear regression models and comparative qualitative analysis. 341 young people aged 19-25 (M=21.77, SD=1.78), 82.2% of whom were women, participated in this study. The instruments used explore beliefs in a just world, and various aspects of family functioning. Regression models indicate that family variables are not related to belief in a just world. In comparative qualitative analysis, different combinations of family variables account 31% of strong beliefs in a just world. High levels of family resources, low levels of family communication and being a man are therefore related to the strong presence of beliefs in a just world. The results show that family functioning variables remain important for belief in a just world, even during emerging adulthood.El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las relaciones existentes entre la creencia general en un mundo justo y variables de funcionamiento familiar en población española durante la adultez emergente; todo ello, comparando modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y de análisis cualitativos comparativos, que permiten una visión más holística. Los participantes fueron 341 jóvenes, con edades entre 19-25 años (M=21,77, DT=1,78) siendo el 82,2% mujeres. Los instrumentos utilizados exploran las creencias en un mundo justo, y diversos aspectos de funcionamiento familiar. Mientras que los modelos de regresión indican que las variables familiares no presentan relación con la creencia en un mundo justo, en los análisis cualitativos, diferentes combinaciones de variables familiares explican el 31% de altas creencias en un mundo justo. En concreto, altos recursos familiares, baja comunicación familiar y ser hombre, se relacionan con la alta presencia de creencias en un mundo justo. Los resultados muestran que las variables de funcionamiento familiar continúan siendo importantes para las creencias en un mundo justo, incluso durante la adultez emergente

Predicting health-related quality of life in Spanish adolescents with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma

This study analyzed the predictive power of sociodemographic (age, sex) and medical variables (months since diagnosis and in treatment, immunotherapy, number of environmental allergens, food allergies or atopic dermatitistypes) on the quality of life of patients with rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma, using models based on comparative qualitative fuzzy analysis to compare them according to the pathology(s). Retrospective cross-sectional design.Sixty-four adolescents (65.60% boys) diagnosed with rhinoconjunctivitis and/or bronchial asthma aged between 12 and 16 years old (M= 14.02; SD = 1.45). The data were collected between February 2019 and January 2020 using the Brief Disease Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), the Adolescent Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (AdolRQoLQ) and the Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Self-administered and Standardized Chronicle (CRQSAS). Qualitative comparative analysis models (QCA) were used. In the QCA models, the various combinations indicated that the variables that predicted a higher quality of life for both rhinocojuntivitis symptoms and respiratory symptoms were receiving longerterm immunotherapy and a perceived lower threat of the disease. The consistencies of the models vary between 23-29%. In conclusion, the patients' QoL was explained by the presence of longerterm immunotherapy and a less threatening perception of the disease. Therefore, early multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment is importan

Adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: emotional, behavioral and self-esteem problems

Marco teórico:La presencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) en la adolescencia, puede deteriorar la salud psicológica, las relaciones sociales y la autoestima, empeorando la adaptación a la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la psicopatología, los problemas con los iguales y la autoestima, en adolescentes con DM1.Métodos:115 adolescentes con DM1 respondieron los cuestionarios, que evaluaron: psicopatología, dificultades con los pares (SDQ) y autoestima (RSE). Mediante estadísticos descriptivos, diferencias de medias, tamaño del efecto y correlaciones Pearson. Resultados:a) presentaron pocas dificultades psicológicas y con sus iguales; b) y una adecuada autoestima; c) las chicas, más síntomas emocionales y los chicos conductuales. D) Una menor edad se asoció con más dificultades, e) lo que se relacionaba con una peor autoestima. Conclusiones:nuestros datos indican que tener DM1 no es un determinante para la salud psicológica. No obstante, cabe atender a quienes presentan dificultades, para disminuir las complicaciones físicasTheoretical Framework:The presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in adolescence can deteriorate psychological health, social relationships and self-esteem, worsening adaptation to the disease. Our aim is to assess psychopathology, peer problems and self-esteem in adolescents with DM1.Methods:115 adolescents with DM1 responded to the questionnaires, which evaluated: psychopathology, difficulties with peers (SDQ) and self-esteem (RSE). Using descriptive statistics, mean differences, effect size and Pearson correlations. Results:a) few psychological and peer difficulties; b) and adequate self-esteem; c) girls, plus emotional symptoms and behavioural boys. D) A younger age was associated with more difficulties, e) which was related to lower self-esteem. Conclusions:Our data indicate that having DM1 is not a determinant of psychological health. However, it is necessary to attend to those who present difficulties, in order to reduce physical complications

Psychological aspects of pre-adolescents or adolescents with precocious puberty: A systematic review

Precocious puberty (PP) is an illness that appears when puberty, begins some years earlier than usual, provoking inferences in preadolescents and adolescents and their families. Therefore, the aim is to analyze if psychological consequences can be observed in groups of preadolescents or adolescents with PP. Method: A bibliographic search of the scientific literature was made following the PRISMA guide in the following databases: ProQuest, Psychinfo, Web Of Science, and Scopus. 592 studies were found, were uploaded to Covidence to make a screening, of which finally 6 were included for the revision according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two independent evaluators made the search, selection, data extraction and quality evaluation of studies independently. The agreement degree between both was excellent in all of the cases. Results: 211 preadolescents participated in total in all studies, of which 99 were preadolescents with PP, with a mean age of 8,94 years old. Studies evaluated so heterogeneous variables, such as psychopathology, selfimage, neuropsychological and cognitive variables, and reasons to delay or stop PP. The quality of studies was moderated especially due to the low quality of the studies design, which were mostly transversal, and the representativity of the sample, being selected by convenience. Conclusions and implications: More research is needed to evaluate the psychological consequences of the PP diagnosis in pediatrics, and its protection factors, because none of the studies approached this question. We consider that it is necessary to increment the quality of these studies, and that these take a biopsychosocial perspective

Aplicação de metodologia de ensino inovadora: Treinamento em técnicas de entrevista psicológica através de um jogo de fuga

The psychological interview is an essential resource for any professional in psychology, whatever their field of action. However, a few available resources allow training the skills required for its correct application in a playful environment, where the students can learn from their mistakes to favor the learning process. The present work intended to create a virtual escape game through the Genially® platform. An overarching element of the escape game consisted of going through a series of tests related to the subject contents, which finally gave access to a final test in which the students must use the acquired strategies. The participants were 150 students in the 4th year of the Psychology Graduate Program at the University of Valencia. With the data obtained, descriptive analyzes of each of the missions were carried out considering content difficulty, the liking of the activities, the usefulness for learning, the motivation generated, the attractiveness of the format, and the generation of both pleasant and nasty emotions. The results indicate that the students were satisfied with this tool; it generated positive emotions, and they thought it improved their knowledge acquisition. In conclusion, this methodology encourages student participation in their own learning process, creating a flexible teaching tool that allows the acquisition ofLa entrevista psicológica constituye un recurso básico para cualquier profesional de la psicología, sea cual sea su campo de actuación; sin embargo, se dispone de pocos recursos que permitan entrenar las habilidades requeridas para su correcta aplicación en un entorno lúdico, en el que el estudiantado pueda aprender de los errores cometidos en favor del proceso de aprendizaje. El presente trabajo pretendía crear un juego de escape virtual a través de la plataforma Genially®. El hilo conductor del juego de escape consistió en pasar por una serie de pruebas relacionadas con los contenidos de la asignatura, los cuales finalmente daban acceso a una prueba final en el que el estudiantado deberá utilizar las estrategias adquiridas. Los participantes fueron un total de 150 estudiantes de 4.º curso del grado en Psicología de la Universitat de València. Con los datos obtenidos, se realizaron análisis descriptivos de cada una de las misiones en función de la dificultad de los contenidos, el agrado de las actividades, la utilidad para el aprendizaje, la motivación generada, el atractivo del formato y la generación de emociones agradables y desagradables. Los resultados indican que el estudiantado se encontraba satisfecho con el uso de este tipo de herramientas, le generaba emociones positivas y pensaba que mejoraba la adquisición de sus conocimientos. En conclusión, este tipo de metodología fomenta la participación del alumnado en su propio proceso de aprendizaje, creando una herramienta docente flexible que permite la adquisición de destrezas prácticas útiles para su futuro profesional.A entrevista psicológica é um recurso básico para qualquer profissional de psicologia, qualquer que seja sua área; entretanto, poucos recursos estão disponíveis para treinar as habilidades necessárias para sua correta aplicação em um ambiente lúdico, no qual os estudantes podem aprender com os erros cometidos em favor do processo de aprendizagem. O presente trabalho visava criar um jogo de fuga virtual através da plataforma Genially®. O fio condutor do jogo de fuga consistia em passar por uma série de testes relacionados ao conteúdo do assunto, que finalmente davam acesso a um teste final no qual os estudantes tinham que utilizar as estratégias adquiridas. Os participantes eram um total de 150 alunos do 4º ano do curso de Psicologia da Universitat de València. Com os dados obtidos, foram realizadas análises descritivas para cada uma das tarefas de acordo com a dificuldade do conteúdo, o prazer das atividades, a utilidade para a aprendizagem, a motivação gerada, a atratividade do formato e a geração de emoções agradáveis e desagradáveis. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com o uso deste tipo de ferramenta, que ela gerou emoções positivas e que eles acharam que ela melhorou a aquisição de seus conhecimentos. Em conclusão, este tipo de metodologia incentiva a participação dos estudantes em seu próprio processo de aprendizagem, criando uma ferramenta de ensino flexível que permite a aquisição de habilidades práticas úteis para seu futuro profissional

Aplicação de metodologia de ensino inovadora: Treinamento em técnicas de entrevista psicológica através de um jogo de fuga

The psychological interview is an essential resource for any professional in psychology, whatever their field of action. However, a few available resources allow training the skills required for its correct application in a playful environment, where the students can learn from their mistakes to favor the learning process. The present work intended to create a virtual escape game through the Genially® platform. An overarching element of the escape game consisted of going through a series of tests related to the subject contents, which finally gave access to a final test in which the students must use the acquired strategies. The participants were 150 students in the 4th year of the Psychology Graduate Program at the University of Valencia. With the data obtained, descriptive analyzes of each of the missions were carried out considering content difficulty, the liking of the activities, the usefulness for learning, the motivation generated, the attractiveness of the format, and the generation of both pleasant and nasty emotions. The results indicate that the students were satisfied with this tool; it generated positive emotions, and they thought it improved their knowledge acquisition. In conclusion, this methodology encourages student participation in their own learning process, creating a flexible teaching tool that allows the acquisition ofLa entrevista psicológica constituye un recurso básico para cualquier profesional de la psicología, sea cual sea su campo de actuación; sin embargo, se dispone de pocos recursos que permitan entrenar las habilidades requeridas para su correcta aplicación en un entorno lúdico, en el que el estudiantado pueda aprender de los errores cometidos en favor del proceso de aprendizaje. El presente trabajo pretendía crear un juego de escape virtual a través de la plataforma Genially®. El hilo conductor del juego de escape consistió en pasar por una serie de pruebas relacionadas con los contenidos de la asignatura, los cuales finalmente daban acceso a una prueba final en el que el estudiantado deberá utilizar las estrategias adquiridas. Los participantes fueron un total de 150 estudiantes de 4.º curso del grado en Psicología de la Universitat de València. Con los datos obtenidos, se realizaron análisis descriptivos de cada una de las misiones en función de la dificultad de los contenidos, el agrado de las actividades, la utilidad para el aprendizaje, la motivación generada, el atractivo del formato y la generación de emociones agradables y desagradables. Los resultados indican que el estudiantado se encontraba satisfecho con el uso de este tipo de herramientas, le generaba emociones positivas y pensaba que mejoraba la adquisición de sus conocimientos. En conclusión, este tipo de metodología fomenta la participación del alumnado en su propio proceso de aprendizaje, creando una herramienta docente flexible que permite la adquisición de destrezas prácticas útiles para su futuro profesional.A entrevista psicológica é um recurso básico para qualquer profissional de psicologia, qualquer que seja sua área; entretanto, poucos recursos estão disponíveis para treinar as habilidades necessárias para sua correta aplicação em um ambiente lúdico, no qual os estudantes podem aprender com os erros cometidos em favor do processo de aprendizagem. O presente trabalho visava criar um jogo de fuga virtual através da plataforma Genially®. O fio condutor do jogo de fuga consistia em passar por uma série de testes relacionados ao conteúdo do assunto, que finalmente davam acesso a um teste final no qual os estudantes tinham que utilizar as estratégias adquiridas. Os participantes eram um total de 150 alunos do 4º ano do curso de Psicologia da Universitat de València. Com os dados obtidos, foram realizadas análises descritivas para cada uma das tarefas de acordo com a dificuldade do conteúdo, o prazer das atividades, a utilidade para a aprendizagem, a motivação gerada, a atratividade do formato e a geração de emoções agradáveis e desagradáveis. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com o uso deste tipo de ferramenta, que ela gerou emoções positivas e que eles acharam que ela melhorou a aquisição de seus conhecimentos. Em conclusão, este tipo de metodologia incentiva a participação dos estudantes em seu próprio processo de aprendizagem, criando uma ferramenta de ensino flexível que permite a aquisição de habilidades práticas úteis para seu futuro profissional

Adaptation to bronchial asthma in pediatrics: anxiety and psychological well-being

Marco teórico: el asma bronquial es la enfermedad crónica más prevalente en la infancia y adolescencia. Su presencia es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar un trastorno psicológico, siendo la ansiedad la sintomatología más común en estos pacientes. Por otro lado, el bienestar psicológico es un factor de protección para un adecuado ajuste a la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los niveles de ansiedad y de bienestar psicológico en adolescentes con asma bronquial. Métodos: la muestra incluye 73 adolescentes asmáticos de 9 a 18 años. Se analizaron las variables Ansiedad (HADS) y Bienestar Psicológico (BIEPS-J) mediante análisis descriptivos, pruebas t para muestras independientes y correlaciones de Pearson. Resultados: un tercio de la muestra presenta niveles elevados de ansiedad (diagnóstico probable= 9,60%; caso probable= 26%). Las medias obtenidas en la escala BIEPS-J fueron altas, encontrando diferencias significativas en el factor “aceptación de sí mismo” (t=2,42, p=,02, d=,57), siendo mayor en los hombres. No se han encontrado relaciones significativas entre las variables. Conclusiones: resulta necesario esclarecer los factores que influyen en la existencia de niveles elevados de bienestar psicológico en dichos pacientes y tomar medidas sanitarias de prevención multidisciplinares con el fin de detectar tempranamente la presencia de ansiedad y tomar actuaciones psicológicas pertinentesTheoretical Framework:bronchial asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in childhood and adolescence. Its presence is a risk factor to develop a psychological disorder, with anxiety being the most common symptomatology in these patients. On the other hand, psychological well-being is a protective factor for an adequate adjustment to the disease. Our objective is to analyze levels of anxiety and psychological well-being in adolescents with bronchial asthma.Methods:sample includes 73 asthmatic adolescents from 9 to 18 years old. The variables Anxiety (HADS) and Psychological Wellbeing (BIEPS-J) were analyzed by descriptive analysis, independent samples t-test and Pearson correlations. Results:one third of the sample presented high levels of anxiety (probable diagnosis = 9.60%, probable case = 26%). The means obtained in the BIEPS-J scale were high, finding significant differences in the factor "acceptance of oneself" (t = 2.42, p = .02, d = .57), being higher in men. No significant relationships were found between the variables.Conclusions:it is necessary to clarify the factors that influence the existence of high levels of psychological well-being in these patients and to take sanitary multidisciplinary prevention measures to detect early the presence of anxiety and take relevant psychological action

Efeito dos aspectos trabalhistas na comunicação, inteligência emocional e empatia em enfermagem

Objetivo: determinar o impacto do tipo de contrato e do tempo de serviço prestado da equipe de enfermagem nas suas atitudes em relação à comunicação, inteligência emocional e empatia. Métodos: os instrumentos que avaliam as atitudes em relação à comunicação, empatia e inteligência emocional. A amostra do estudo consistiu de 450 enfermeiras de 7 hospitais. Para avaliar o efeito das variáveis estudadas, foram realizados ANOVA unilateral, correlações de Pearson e modelos de regressão linear hierárquica múltipla, de acordo com o tipo de contrato. Resultados: há diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis estudadas de acordo com o tipo de contrato. Mais especificamente, a equipe de enfermagem com contrato permanente apresentou pontuações mais elevadas na dimensão cognitiva da escala atitudes em relação à comunicação. Do mesmo modo, as maiores correlações foram encontradas entre as dimensões da escala atitudes em relação à comunicação, em todos os grupos. Ao mesmo tempo, o tempo de serviço foi positivamente relacionado à inteligência emocional no contrato provisório, e negativamente com a empatia no contrato permanente. Por fim, observando os modelos de regressão, observou-se que a tomada de perspectiva é a principal preditora em cada dimensão da escala atitudes em relação à comunicação em todos os grupos, independentemente do tipo de contrato. Conclusão: comprovou-se que condições de trabalho positivas (segurança no trabalho, contrato permanente e tempo de serviço prestado) influenciam a capacidade de comunicação na relação paciente-enfermeira.Objetivo: determinar el impacto del tipo de contrato y la antigüedad del personal de enfermería en sus actitudes hacia la comunicación, la inteligencia emocional y la empatía. Métodos: los instrumentos que miden las actitudes hacia la comunicación, la empatía y la inteligencia emocional. La muestra del estudio fue de 450 enfermeras de 7 hospitales. Para comprobar el efecto de las variables estudiadas, se realizaron ANOVA de un factor, correlaciones Pearson y modelos de regresión lineal jerárquica múltiple, según el tipo de contrato. Resultados: existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables estudiadas según el tipo de contrato. Más concretamente, el personal de enfermería con contrato indefinido mostró puntuaciones más altas en la dimensión cognitiva de la escala actitudes hacia la comunicación. Asimismo, las mayores correlaciones se encontraron entre las dimensiones de la escala actitudes hacia la comunicación en todos los grupos. Al mismo tiempo, la antigüedad se relacionaba positivamente con la inteligencia emocional en el ínterin y negativamente con la empatía en el contrato indefinido. Finalmente, mirando los modelos de regresión, se observó que la toma de perspectiva es el principal predictor de cada dimensión de la escala actitudes hacia la comunicación en todos los grupos, independientemente del tipo de contrato. Conclusión: se ha comprobado que las condiciones de trabajo positivas (seguridad laboral, contrato permanente y antigüedad) influyen en la capacidad de comunicación en la relación paciente-enfermera.Objective: to assess the impact of the type of contract and seniority of nursing staff on their attitudes towards communication, emotional intelligence and empathy. Methods: the instruments measuring attitudes towards communication, empathy and emotional intelligence. The study sample was composed of 450 nurses from 7 hospitals. To explore the effect of the variables studied, one-factor ANOVA test, Pearson correlations and hierarchical multiple linear regression models were performed according to the type of contract. Results: there are statistically significant differences between the variables studied according to the type of contract. More specifically, the nursing staff with permanent contract showed higher scores in the cognitive dimension of the scale attitudes towards communication. Likewise, the highest correlations were found among the dimensions of attitudes towards communication in all the groups. At the same time, seniority was positively related to emotional intelligence in the interim and negatively related to empathy in the permanent contract. Finally, regarding the regression models, it was observed that the perspective taken is the main predictor of each dimension of attitudes towards communication in all the groups, regardless of the type of contract. Conclusion: positive working conditions (job security, permanent contract and seniority) have been found to influence the communication skills in the patient-nurse relationship