Exercise training attenuates acute hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of chronic (eight weeks) low-to moderate-intensity swimming training on thermal pain sensitivity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats. METHODS: Female Wistar rats (n = 51) were divided into the following groups: trained streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [hyperglycemic trained (HT)], sedentary streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [hyperglycemic sedentary (HS)], normoglycemic trained rats (NT) and normoglycemic sedentary rats (NS). Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.). One day after the last exercise protocol (60 min/day, five days/week for eight weeks) in the trained groups or after water stress exposure (ten min/twice a week) in the sedentary groups, the rats were subjected to a hot plate test. RESULTS: After eight weeks of swimming training, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats presented a significantly lower body mass (trained: 219.5±29 g, sedentary: 217.8±23 g) compared with the normoglycemic groups (trained: 271±24 g, sedentary: 275.7±32 g). Interestingly, we did not find differences in blood glucose levels (mg/dl) between the trained and sedentary groups of the hyperglycemic or normoglycemic rats (HT: 360.2±6.6, HS: 391.7±6.7, NT: 83.8±14.0, NS: 77.5±10.1). In the hot plate test, the rats from the HT group presented a significantly lower latency than the other rats (HT: 11.7±7.38 s, HS: 7.02±7.38 s, NT: 21.21±7.64 s, NS: 22.82±7.82 s). CONCLUSION: Low-to-moderate swimming training for a long duration reduces thermal hyperalgesia during a hot plate test in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats

Is heart rate variability a valuable method to investigate cardiac autonomic dysfunction in subjects with leukemia? A systematic review to evaluate its importance in clinical practice

Impaired cardiovascular and autonomic function during treatment and during recovery from leukemia has been indicated. In this context, heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measure that describes the oscillations of the intervals between consecutive heart beats (RR intervals), influenced by the autonomic nervous system. We intend to review literature showing HRV changes in leukemia subjects. The articles selected in the current review were attained up to March 2018, and the search was limited to articles in English language, published in peer-reviewed journals, with both adult and child age samples. The articles were investigated in the five electronic databases: PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane Clinical Trials, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE). Towards the end of the research, 9 studies were included. Subjects undergoing treatment for leukemia have reduced HRV, signifying decreased vagal control of heart rate. The subjects that undertook leukemia treatment and their survivors experienced a reduction in HRV with subsequent recovery, but the recovery time is ill defined. HRV is reduced in leukemia subjects who progress to neuropathy secondary to chemotherapy, accompanied by cardiac dysfunction. We advocate the use of HRV to evaluate autonomic function and decide the treatment to prevent autonomic impairment in leukemia subjects

A new device to measure isometric strength in upper limbs: comparison between dominant and non-dominant limbs*

Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Mecan, Guaratingueta, SP, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Morfol & Fisiol, Santo Andre, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Med, Disciplina Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilFac Tecnol São Paulo FATEC, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Educ Fis & Motricidade Humana, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Med, Disciplina Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

ATZ (3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole) injected into the fourth cerebral ventricle influences the Bezold–Jarisch reflex in conscious rats

OBJECTIVES: Many studies have investigated the importance of oxidative stress on the cardiovascular system. In this study we evaluated the effects of central catalase inhibition on cardiopulmonary reflex in conscious Wistar rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were implanted with a stainless steel guide cannula in the fourth cerebral ventricle. The femoral artery and vein were cannulated for mean arterial pressure and heart rate measurement and for drug infusion, respectively. After basal mean arterial pressure and heart rate recordings, the cardiopulmonary reflex was tested with a dose of phenylbiguanide (PBG, 8 μg/kg, bolus). Cardiopulmonary reflex was evaluated before and μl15 minutes after 1.0 μl 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, 0.01g/100μl)0.01 g/100 μl) injection into the fourth cerebral ventricle. Vehicle treatment did not change cardiopulmonary reflex responses. RESULTS: Central ATZ significantly increased hypotensive responses without influencing the bradycardic reflex. CONCLUSION: ATZ injected into the fourth cerebral ventricle increases sympathetic inhibition but does not change the parasympathetic component of the cardiopulmonary reflex in conscious Wistar rats

O efeito do negacionismo na saúde pública

Negacionism refers to the choice to deny a scientifically proven reality, which can reduce life expectancy and quality of life. Within this context, the uncontrolled trajectory of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil has generated great concern due to the lack of consensus on how to manage the pandemic in a scenario of denial of the seriousness of the disease by the government, since on August 2nd, 2021, there are 556,437 Brazilians killed due to the disease. The denial of COVID-19 and the immunizing agent is another pandemic and turns the current scenario into a syndemic.O negacionismo refere-se à escolha de negar uma realidade cientificamente comprovada, o que pode reduzir a expectativa e a qualidade de vida. Dentro desse contexto, a trajetória descontrolada da Pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil tem gerado grande preocupação pela falta de consenso sobre como administrar a pandemia em um cenário de negação da gravidade da doença por parte do governo, visto que na data de 02 de agosto de 2021 há 556.437 brasileiros mortos por conta da doença. O negacionismo da COVID-19 e do imunizante é outra pandemia e torna o cenário atual numa sindemia

Lower systolic blood pressure in normotensive subjects is related to better autonomic recovery following exercise

Blood pressure (BP) is a cardiovascular parameter applied to detect cardiovascular risk. Recently, the pre-hypertension state has received greater consideration for prevention strategies. We evaluated autonomic and cardiorespiratory recovery following aerobic exercise in normotensive individuals with different systolic BP (SBP) values. We investigated 30 healthy men aged 18 to 30 years divided into groups according to systolic BP (SBP): G1 (n = 16), resting SBP <110 mmHg and G2 (n = 14), resting SBP between 120–110 mmHg. The groups endured 15 minutes seated at rest, followed by a submaximal aerobic exercise on a treadmill and then remaining seated for 60 minutes also at rest, during recovery from the exercise. Cardiorespiratory parameters and heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) (rMSSD, SD1, HF [ms2]) were evaluated before and during recovery from exercise. G2 displayed slower return of SBP, rMSSD and SD1 HRV indices during recovery from exercise compared to G1. In conclusion, normotensive subjects with higher resting SBP (110 to 120 mmHg) offered delayed autonomic recovery following moderate exercise. We suggest that this group may be less physiologically optimized leading to cardiac risks