Schematic representation of <i>RELN</i> mutant alleles.

<p>(A)Predicted wild-type reelin protein consist of a F-spondin-like domain at the amino terminus, followed by 8 reelin repeats, each consisting of an internal EGF-like motif (black) flanked by reelin-specific sequence. The C-terminus includes highly basic aminoacids that appear to be required for secretion. The location of the predicted protein termination due to the ovine deletion is indicated by a black arrow. (B) Table comparing the <i>RELN</i> mutant alleles detected in different species indicating the effect of each mutation on reelin activity. The reference for each allele is indicated between square brackets.</p

GWA and homozygosity mapping analyses for ovine LCH.

<p>(A) Manhattan plot resulting from the case-control association analysis performed with 7 affected animals and 33 controls. The X-axis shows the positions of the genome analyzed across the 26 ovine autosomes, whereas the Y-axis represents the -log₁₀ P-values obtained after 100,000 permutations using PLINK. Alternating colors mark the limits between autosomes. The arrow indicates the most significant association identified, which was located on OAR4 (at 42,810,217 bp position). (B) Homozygosity mapping of the LCH mutation. The analysis of SNP genotypes from affected lambs indicated that they all shared an extended overlapping homozygous region on OAR 4 (indicated by orange blocks). The common haplotype block, where the causative mutation is located, expands between 42.369 and 47.251 Mb on OAR4 (indicated by the red box). (C) Gene content of the 4.8-Mb homozygosity block interval shared by the affected individuals based on the comparative genomic map with the orthologous regions in human and cow and including the <i>RELN</i> gene. </p

Functional evaluation of the 31-bp deletion (c.5410_5440del) in the ovine <i>RELN</i> gene.

<p>(A) Expression of <i>RELN</i> mRNA analyzed by qRT-PCR. The figure shows the relative expression obtained from two regions of the mRNA: the “Shared region” includes 139 bp of the third reelin repeat, and the “Mutated region” amplifies a fragment that includes the fourth repeat, where the 31-bp deletion was located. The samples were analyzed in triplicate. The values were calculated using relative standard curves and were normalized to GAPDH from the same cDNA preparations and are expressed as the means ± SEM. The specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by melting curve analysis after the qRT-PCR. In both regions significant differences (P < 0.001) in mRNA level were evidenced using the one-tailed Student’s t-test. (B) Western blot immunoprobed for reelin of brain extracts (30 µg) and serum samples (0.8 µl) from control lamb (+/+) and lissencephaly-affected lamb homozygous for the deletion (Lis/Lis). </p

MOESM3 of Systemic and local immune responses in sheep after Neospora caninum experimental infection at early, mid and late gestation

Additional file 3. Summary of lesion and PCR detection and quantification of N. caninum in placenta and foetal liver and brain. dpi: days post infection when abortion occurred; ASF: Average size of focus; %LES: Percentage of section affected by lesions. * All lambs from this group gave birth to viable lambs between days 142 and 155 of gestation. Three of nine lambs were born prematurely prior to day 145, and exhibited weakness, recumbency and unresponsiveness to external stimuli. 1 Percentage of the section affected by lesions. 2 Fractions represent the number of positive animals/total number of animals checked by nested-ITS1 PCR, and figures within brackets represent the median values of parasite burden (tachyzoites/mg tissue). a, b Values followed by unlike superscripts differ significantly by Dunn’s test for pairwise comparisons. c, d Fractions determined for positive animals followed by unlike superscripts differ significantly by Fisher’s exact test

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Not AvailableFive classical clustering method s: four hierarchical-single linkage, average-between linkage, average-within linkage, Wards-and one non-hi era rchical-k-means-using five different distance measures: squared Euclidean, city block, Chebychev's, Pearson correlation and Minkowski have been compared on the basis of simu lated multivariate data on paddy crop genotypes. The performance of different clustering methods was compared based on the average percentage probability of misclassification an its standard error. The performance of different hierarchical clustering methods varied with distance measures used and it was found that squared Euclidean performed best among the five distances followed by city block distance in majority of cases. Among the five methods, the Ward's method performed best with least average percentage probability of misdassification followed by non-hierarchical k-means method irrespective of the sample size. Among the different distance measures used under hierarchical clustering methods, the squared Euclidean distance showed least average percentage probability of misclassification followed by city block distance.Not Availabl

MOESM4 of Experimental ovine toxoplasmosis: influence of the gestational stage on the clinical course, lesion development and parasite distribution

Additional file 4 Individual frequency of parasite DNA detection in infected animals. Table showing the individual frequency of parasite DNA detection in infected animals

MOESM3 of Experimental ovine toxoplasmosis: influence of the gestational stage on the clinical course, lesion development and parasite distribution

Additional file 3 Box-plot graph T. gondii burdens measured at the same period post infection and comparing between the three groups at the placenta and foetal viscera. Box-plot graphs represent the median burden, the lower and upper quartiles (boxes) and minimum and maximum values (whiskers). (*) indicates P < 0.05 significant differences between groups in each period post infection