IMPORTANCIA DE LOS COSTOS DE LA CALIDAD PARA LAS EMPRESAS ESTATALES CUBANAS

The quality of products and services is one of the elements that define the competitiveness of any organization. Therefore, defining the effectiveness and efficiency indicators with their goals in order to know the costs of quality is of vital importance for the control of their management since it allows the decision making at the different management levels. Was stated that sometimes the organization is not sure that the money and time invested in prevention are totally effective. This reality is not different for the state companies of the developing countries, fundamentally the socialists like Cuba due to the consequences of the economic blockade imposed by the USA. For this reason, the aim of this work was to analyze the general aspects of the costs of quality with emphasis on the industrial production of food.La calidad de los productos y servicios es uno de los elementos que definen la competitividad de cualquier organización. Por tanto, definir los indicadores de eficacia y eficiencia con sus metas para conocer los costos de la calidad es de vital importancia para el control de su gestión ya que permite la toma de decisiones en los diferentes niveles de dirección. Se plantea que en ocasiones la organización no está segura de que el dinero y el tiempo invertidos en prevención sean totalmente eficaces. Esta realidad no es distinta para las empresas estatales de los países en vía de desarrollo, fundamentalmente los socialistas como Cuba debido a las consecuencias del bloqueo económico impuesto por los EE. UU. Por ese motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue reflexionar sobre los aspectos generales de los costos de la calidad con énfasis en la producción industrial de alimentos

Influence of the 60 Hz Magnetic Field on the Airborne Microbial Distribution of Indoor Environments

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the magnetic field generated by the household appliances on the airborne microbial surrounding these equipment located on indoor environments with particular interest in the environmental fungi. A simultaneous environmental study was carried out in locals of three different geographical places of Havana, Cuba, which have televisions, computers and an electric generator. The air samples were made by a sedimentation method using Malt Extract Agar. The concentration of total aerobic mesophilic as well as fungi and yeasts were determined in rainy and little rainy seasons by applying as factors: exposure time of dishes (5 to 60 min) and distance to the wall (0 and 1 m) at a height of 1 m above the floor. The predominant fungal genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. In the dishes that were placed at 0 and 0.5 m from the emitting sources were observed that some bacteria colonies formed inhibition halos, a great diversity of filamentous fungi and an increase in the mycelium pigmentation as well as the pigments excretion. In the rainy season, the highest amounts of fungi were obtained in all samples. In the little rain season the count of the Gram-negative bacilli increased three times the Gram-positive cocci

Effect of the oscillating magnetic field on airborne fungal

This study shows that some species of fungi are affected by the magnetic field, which should be taken into account in studies of airborne fungal and air quality. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the oscillating magnetic field (OMF) on the behavior of colonies of three fungi genus growth in different culture mediums. The stains were: Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium citrinum and were inoculated in 90 mm Petri dishes with: Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Czapek-Dox Agar (CDA). Was applied them OMF of 60 Hz/220 V between 1 and 5 mT during 2 h and then they were incubated 7 days to 28 °C. Colonies size (mm) every day was measured. Stimulation in the colonies size of all experimental conditions was showed; the greatest size of A. niger in MEA was notorious. It was demonstrated by statist analyze that only colonies size with 1 mT was significance respect to the control. The effect of OMF on the cellular metabolism was evidenced, as well as: less exudation and major pigmentation of P. citrinum in MEA; variation of pigmentation of A. niger and C. cladosporioides in CDA and increase of conidiogenesis of A. niger in SDA. Was concluded that the applied OMF had a major influence on size colony and mycelia pigmentation of A. niger that C. cladosporioides and P. citrinum, independently of the nutritional state according to the culture medium employed in this study.Fil: Anaya, Matilde. Grupo Empresarial de la Industria Alimentaria; CubaFil: Gámez Espinosa, Erasmo Junior. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; ArgentinaFil: Valdés, Oderlaise. Grupo Empresarial de la Industria Alimentaria; CubaFil: Guzmán, Tania. Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial.; EcuadorFil: Borrego, Sofía. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba; Cub

Aceites esenciales y extractos vegetales en el control del biodeterioro del patrimonio documental argentino y cubano

Tópico 2: Conservación y restauración de pinturas, cueros, textiles, papel y metales. Técnicas de limpieza y restauración

Essential Oils of Plants as Biocides againstMicroorganisms Isolated from Cuban and Argentine Documentary Heritage

Fil: Borrego, Sofía. Laboratory of Preventive Conservation. National Archive of the Republic of Cuba. Havana; CubaFil: Valdés, Oderlaise. Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba. La Habana Vieja. La Habana; CubaFil: Vivar, Isbel. Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba. La Habana Vieja. La Habana; CubaFil: Lavin, Paola. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA). Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Gómez de Saravia, Sandra Gabriela. Cátedra de Zoología Invertebrados I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Borges, Pedro. Food Industry Research Institute. Havana; Cub

Biocidal activity of two essential oils on fungi that cause degradation of paper documents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocidal activity of essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L. M. Perry (nail) and Allium sativum L. (garlic) against different fungal species producing paper degradation and deterioration. Essential oils (EOs) were obtained from harvested plants in their natural habitat in Cuba, and were tested against the species Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. which were isolated from archival indoor environments and documents with patrimonial value The biocidal activity was studied at different concentrations (70, 50, 25, 12.5 and 7.5%) using the agar diffusion method. The effect of extracts on paper alterations was studied through different techniques including determination of pH and number of copper and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The determination of inhibition zones by the agar diffusion method of the tested EOs showed a moderate and/or positive effect. The study of the antifungal activity on paper (“in vivo”) shows that both clove and garlic oils were potent biocides. Although the paper structure was not affected by EOs pure, some molecular damages were observed at lower concentrations across determinations of the pH and copper number.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Airborne fungi of food depot in Havana, Cuba

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la aeromicota de un almacén de alimentos, ubicado al oeste de La Habana, Cuba, y su relación con la temperatura y la humedad relativa del local.  Se realizaron dos muestreos en periodo de lluvia aplicando un método de sedimentación pasiva. Se determinó que dicho almacén de alimentos está poco contaminado. Se encontró correlación negativa entre la temperatura y la humedad relativa del aire en el local (82.62%) pero no entre estos factores y la concentración fúngica. La zona más contaminada fue la del lado izquierdo y cerca de la puerta este, donde están los materiales orgánicos: azúcar, almidón, madera y cartón. Los géneros de mayor frecuencia relativa (FR) de aparición fueron: Trichoderma y Aspergillus (FR de 58.33 y 41.67 %, respectivamente) lo que indica que son ecológicamente frecuentes. Neurospora (FR de 33.33 %) clasificó como un género ocasional en tanto Penicillium (FR de 8.25 %) se comportó como un género raro. Ellos son agentes biodeteriorantes potentes de la materia orgánica ya que poseen actividades enzimáticas para degradar celulosa, proteínas y almidón así como para excretar ácidos.This paper was aimed at studying airborne fungi in a food depot in the west of Havana in Cuba and its relationship with temperature and relative humidity. Two samplings were taken in the rainy season. A passive settling method was applied and colonies were counted and expressed in units per meter cubic of air (CFU.m-3). The results showed that the food depot was not contaminated -144 and 760 CFU.m-3 air- on the basis of Omeliansky’s criterion. Inside depot no lineal correlation was found between the temperature and relative air humidity with microbial concentration. The highest fungal concentration was registered in an area with organic material such as sugar, starch, wood and cardboard and the greatest values of relative humidity. The genera of fungi appearing with the greatest relative frequency (RF) were: Trichoderma (58.3%) and Aspergillus (41.7%). Neurospora (RF = 33.3%) was classified as an occasional genus while Penicillium (FR = 8.2%) was classified as a rare genus. These are biodeterioration agents of organic material since they have enzymes to degrade cellulose, starch and protein and excrete acids.Comité de Medio Ambient

Airborne fungi of food depot in Havana, Cuba

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la aeromicota de un almacén de alimentos, ubicado al oeste de La Habana, Cuba, y su relación con la temperatura y la humedad relativa del local.  Se realizaron dos muestreos en periodo de lluvia aplicando un método de sedimentación pasiva. Se determinó que dicho almacén de alimentos está poco contaminado. Se encontró correlación negativa entre la temperatura y la humedad relativa del aire en el local (82.62%) pero no entre estos factores y la concentración fúngica. La zona más contaminada fue la del lado izquierdo y cerca de la puerta este, donde están los materiales orgánicos: azúcar, almidón, madera y cartón. Los géneros de mayor frecuencia relativa (FR) de aparición fueron: Trichoderma y Aspergillus (FR de 58.33 y 41.67 %, respectivamente) lo que indica que son ecológicamente frecuentes. Neurospora (FR de 33.33 %) clasificó como un género ocasional en tanto Penicillium (FR de 8.25 %) se comportó como un género raro. Ellos son agentes biodeteriorantes potentes de la materia orgánica ya que poseen actividades enzimáticas para degradar celulosa, proteínas y almidón así como para excretar ácidos.This paper was aimed at studying airborne fungi in a food depot in the west of Havana in Cuba and its relationship with temperature and relative humidity. Two samplings were taken in the rainy season. A passive settling method was applied and colonies were counted and expressed in units per meter cubic of air (CFU.m-3). The results showed that the food depot was not contaminated -144 and 760 CFU.m-3 air- on the basis of Omeliansky’s criterion. Inside depot no lineal correlation was found between the temperature and relative air humidity with microbial concentration. The highest fungal concentration was registered in an area with organic material such as sugar, starch, wood and cardboard and the greatest values of relative humidity. The genera of fungi appearing with the greatest relative frequency (RF) were: Trichoderma (58.3%) and Aspergillus (41.7%). Neurospora (RF = 33.3%) was classified as an occasional genus while Penicillium (FR = 8.2%) was classified as a rare genus. These are biodeterioration agents of organic material since they have enzymes to degrade cellulose, starch and protein and excrete acids.Comité de Medio Ambient

Biocidal activity of two essential oils on fungi that cause degradation of paper documents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocidal activity of essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L. M. Perry (nail) and Allium sativum L. (garlic) against different fungal species producing paper degradation and deterioration. Essential oils (EOs) were obtained from harvested plants in their natural habitat in Cuba, and were tested against the species Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. which were isolated from archival indoor environments and documents with patrimonial value The biocidal activity was studied at different concentrations (70, 50, 25, 12.5 and 7.5%) using the agar diffusion method. The effect of extracts on paper alterations was studied through different techniques including determination of pH and number of copper and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The determination of inhibition zones by the agar diffusion method of the tested EOs showed a moderate and/or positive effect. The study of the antifungal activity on paper (“in vivo”) shows that both clove and garlic oils were potent biocides. Although the paper structure was not affected by EOs pure, some molecular damages were observed at lower concentrations across determinations of the pH and copper number.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Productos ambientalmente amigables de origen vegetal empleados en el control de microorganismos intervinientes en el biodeterioro del patrimonio cultural

Fil: Gómez de Saravia, Sandra Gabriela. Cátedra de Zoología Invertebrados I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Borrego, Sofía. Laboratory of Preventive Conservation. National Archive of the Republic of Cuba. Havana; CubaFil: Lavin, Paola. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA). Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Valdés, Oderlaise. Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba. La Habana Vieja. La Habana; CubaFil: Vivar, Isbel. Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva. Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba. La Habana Vieja. La Habana; CubaFil: Battistoni, Patricia A.. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA). Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Guiamet, Patricia Sandra. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA). Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin