9 research outputs found
Gender and budget
Neoclassical approach to economics failed to recognize and evaluate the importance in producing the human capital, of work of households which is predominantly performed by women. Extensive research, however, indicates that neglecting such issues may lead to a lower growth rate, and at the same time aspects of human equity are seriously disregarded. To eliminate this deficiency, there is a stronger tendency in the world to involve gender sensitiveness into the process of budget-making. There is a wide range of tools in the process, extending from the gendered analysis of the impacts on beneficiaries of budget, to examining the gender-disaggregated impacts of expenditure or tax incidence. The involvement of participants of civil society helps to make the budgetmaking a more open, participatory process.heterodox economics, gender-sensitive budget, gender equality
Gender-érzékeny költségvetés
A neoklasszikus közgazdasági iskola nem ismeri el, Ă©s az emberi erĹ‘források lĂ©trehozása terĂ©n nem tekinti fontos tĂ©nyezĹ‘nek a háztartások fenntartásához szĂĽksĂ©ges munkát, amelyet tĂşlnyomĂłrĂ©szt nĹ‘k vĂ©geznek, fizetetlenĂĽl. Kiterjedt kutatások azonban azt bizonyĂtják, hogy e kĂ©rdĂ©s elhanyagolása alacsonyabb növekedĂ©si rátához vezet, Ă©s ezzel egyidejűleg emberi mĂ©ltányossági szempontok is sĂşlyosan sĂ©rĂĽlnek. Annak Ă©rdekĂ©ben, hogy e fogyatĂ©kosságot megszĂĽntessĂ©k, egy erĹ‘södĹ‘ nemzetközi irányzat igyekszik a társadalmi nemeket Ă©rintĹ‘ kĂ©rdĂ©seket, vagyis a gender-Ă©rzĂ©kenysĂ©get a költsĂ©gvetĂ©s-kĂ©szĂtĂ©si folyamat rĂ©szĂ©vĂ© tenni. Ehhez az eszközök szĂ©les tárháza áll rendelkezĂ©sre: a költsĂ©gvetĂ©s gender szempontbĂłl vizsgált hatásának elemzĂ©sĂ©tĹ‘l kezdve a kiadásoknak Ă©s az adĂłterheknek szintĂ©n gender szerint bontott hatásvizsgálatáig. A civil társadalom rĂ©sztvevĹ‘inek bevonása rĂ©vĂ©n egy nyitott, társadalmi vitán alapulĂł költsĂ©gvetĂ©s-kĂ©szĂtĂ©si folyamat valĂłsulhat meg
Attitudes of female pupils and students toward technology higher education programmes
There is a shortage of electronic, mechanical engineers and IT professionals within some segments of the Hungarian labour market. The ratio of women specialized in these fields does not reach ten percentages. There are several reasons for that, including the strong stereotypes about the professions of women and men. The number of female students graduating from technology programmes at universities can be increased by finding a proper invocation of female pupils and by improving the satisfaction of female students. It is important to understand the conditions under which female applicants opt for such programmes. We conducted a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative study in the school year of 2011/12 to investigate what possible barriers stand in the way of getting more female pupils to apply to academic programmes in technology and what means could be utilized to potentially get more girls to apply. As part of the study, focus groups with female
pupils and semi-structured interviews with teachers were conducted at diverse secondary schools. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews with female students were conducted at the faculties of electronic engineering, mechanical engineering and informatics. There were also
semi-structured interviews
conducted with five professors from each of the three faculties. Results showed that most female students have friends or acquaintances who work in the field of technology. Our findings suggest the possible importance of
obtaining personal impressions of an academic program
me or profession in the process of making decision on a career. The pupils and students in the sample rated more favour
ably the options of promoting more girls to apply to technology studies such as taking part in Girls’ Day programmes or listening to a lecture by a
female student from the faculty of
engineering
or informatics. At the same time they dismissed non
-personal ways, such as poster adverts, and
the male-centred presentations of academic programmes on the homepage of the
internet.It is also important to encourage an opening towards the issues of combating stereotypes
and promoting equal opportunity in education
both for the teaching staff and for the students
"Úristen! Te, lányként?!"
Given that there is a shortage of engineers and IT professionals in some segments of the Hungarian labor market, it is an important strategic objective to increase the number of secondary school students who opt for technology programs as their first choice when applying for university programs. One way to achieve this aim is to persuade more young women to apply for programs in these fields, where they are still extremely underrepresented. Our research explores some elements of the gender culture at the faculties of technology of a Hungarian university, drawing on Brigitte Liebig’s model. We compared the organizational elements of the gender culture with the situation outside of the organization. The data we analyze was elicited in focus group discussions with female students of the electronic, mechanical engineering, and IT faculties. The results show that the female students in the research have met almost the same doubts concerning their professional ambitions within the organization as outside of it. On the other hand, Many female students also felt that in the organization they had experienced several advantages of being a woman, such as greater attention and greater extent of helpfulness from professors, although in some cases this attention was combined with an attitude from the professors that implied the female students would be less successful in the completion of the required tasks. Magyarországon a műszaki diplomások hiánya jellemzi a munkaerĹ‘piac egyes szegmenseit, Ă©ppen ezĂ©rt fontos stratĂ©giai cĂ©lkĂ©nt definiálĂłdik a műszaki szakokra elsĹ‘ helyen jelentkezĹ‘k számának növelĂ©se. Ennek Ă©rdekĂ©ben az egyik lehetsĂ©ges megoldásnak a nĹ‘k megnyerĂ©se tűnik e pályák számára, akik jelenleg erĹ‘sen alulreprezentáltak a műszaki karok hallgatĂłi között. Jelen kutatás arra kereste a választ, hogy mi jellemzi a nemek kultĂşrájának egyes elemeit egy felsĹ‘oktatási intĂ©zmĂ©ny műszaki karain – a hallgatĂłnĹ‘k szemszögĂ©bĹ‘l. Brigitte Liebig definĂciĂłját vettĂĽk alapul a nemek kultĂşrájának Ă©rtelmezĂ©sĂ©hez Ă©s a szervezet nemi kultĂşrájának elemeit összevetettĂĽk a szervezeten kĂvĂĽli helyzettel. A tanulmány villamosmĂ©rnök, gĂ©pĂ©szmĂ©rnök Ă©s informatikus hallgatĂłnĹ‘kkel folytatott fĂłkuszcsoportos beszĂ©lgetĂ©sek anyagát dolgozza fel ezen elemzĂ©si szempontok mentĂ©n. A kutatás eredmĂ©nye azt mutatja, hogy a vizsgálatba bevont hallgatĂłnĹ‘k ugyanazokkal a szakmai törekvĂ©seiket megkĂ©rdĹ‘jelezĹ‘ mechanizmusokkal találkoztak a szervezeten belĂĽl, mint a „kinti” Ă©letĂĽk során. Bár sok hallgatĂłnĹ‘ Ăşgy Ă©rtĂ©kelte, hogy nĹ‘i mivoltának számos elĹ‘nyĂ©t is megtapasztalhatta a szervezetben – Ăgy pĂ©ldául a rájuk irányulĂł kiemelt figyelmet Ă©s nagymĂ©rtĂ©kű segĂtĹ‘kĂ©szsĂ©get –, egyes esetekben ez azonban azzal párosult, hogy a tanárok mintegy megelĹ‘legeztĂ©k számukra a sikertelensĂ©get a fĂ©rfihallgatĂłkkal összehasonlĂtva