Connotation and Language culture

Among an array of language skills, which students should obtain during their university education, there are translating skills that will help them to fully comprehend their potential and will promote their knowledge, academic and research mobility. This paper addresses the problem of training and improvement of students’ translating skills and its targets are to reveal peculiarities of non-equivalent vocabulary and transferring from one language into another without distorting reality and without losing characteristics of language society. The leading approach to research is problem – thematic. The main results of research are in systematization of methods of translation. The materials of the article may be of interest for students and foreign language teachers.Keywords: Student, learning, education, teacher, translation, cultural component, vocabular

The “New” strategy in teaching literature in a multiethnic environment (As exemplified by the republic of Tatarstan)

© Author(s).The problem of individualization and differentiation of the learning process is still relevant in the education. The Republic of Tatarstan is a special community where many nationalities live together. In this article the problem of the text interpretation at literature lessons is on the focus of view. Leaning on the provisions, provided by hermeneutic scientists, the authors regard the interpretation as a special dialogue between the reader and the text. The issue is also devoted to the problem of individual learning styles formation based on the psychological characteristics of the reader-student, the types of his representative system (auditory, visual or kinesthetic). Based on the facts found identified according to the experiment authors have developed the idea of forming individual ways for learning literature

Alternative education: Comparative study of the American, Russian and Kazakhstan experience

© 2016 by iSER, International Society of Educational Research. The article presents the results of comparative study of the American, Russian and Kazakhstan experience of alternative education. It reveals the implementation of alternative ideas in schools of Russia and Kazakhstan. The article describes the students’ attitude to the alternative education in American and Russian schools. The study was held in a number of Montessori schools in Minnesota USA (Sunshine Montessori School, Seward Montessori School, Great River School). Methods of observation, survey, questionnaire, personal interviews with students and teachers of schools were used. Questioning of American students was held in Great River School. The study surveyed 100 school students. They answered questions about their learning experiences in an alternative school. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of 14 questions. The questions were both of direct and expanded character, with a choice of options. Russian students from three secondary schools in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan answered the same questions. The study showed that despite the differences in the production of alternative education in the United States and Russia, among the characteristics of alternative education inherent in the American and Russian schools, students noted student-centered character of education, overcoming authoritarianism in teaching and creativity and cognitive activity

Connotation and language culture

Among an array of language skills, which students should obtain during their university education, there are translating skills that will help them to fully comprehend their potential and will promote their knowledge, academic and research mobility. This paper addresses the problem of training and improvement of students’ translating skills and its targets are to reveal peculiarities of non-equivalent vocabulary and transferring from one language into another without distorting reality and without losing characteristics of language society. The leading approach to research is problem – thematic. The main results of research are in systematization of methods of translation. The materials of the article may be of interest for students and foreign language teachers.peer-reviewe

Stereochemistry of seven-membered heterocycles: XLIII. Steric structure of diastereoisomeric 8,8-dichloro(dibromo)-4-R-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.1.0]octanes

Dichloro- and dibromocyclopropanation of 2-substituted 1,3-dioxacyclohept- 5-enes according to Makosza resulted in formation of the corresponding 4-substituted 8,8-dichloro(dibromo)-3,5-dioxabicyclo-[5.1.0]octanes in good yields. Ultrasonic activation of the process considerably shortened the reaction time. According to the 13C NMR spectra, the chair-twist equilibrium is essentially displaced toward the chair conformer for the exo isomers and toward the twist conformer for the endo structures. Similar results were obtained by AM1 semiempirical calculations which indicated that the CCI⋯O interaction largely determines the conformational equilibrium. The state of the diastereoisomer epimerization equilibrium depends on the size of the substituent at the acetal carbon atom

Formation of Social Abilities of Students of Primary School Age

Проблема развития социальных способностей младших школьников заслуживает особого внимания специалистов социальной и педагогической сферы в современных социокультурных условиях развития системы образования. Важная задача школы в настоящее время - создание специально организованных педагогических условий формирования социальных способностей учащихся. В решении этой проблемы немалая роль принадлежит возрасту, с которого начинается процесс социализации личности. В связи с этим и обусловлена необходимость рассмотрения в данной статье особенностей формирования социальных способностей учащихся младшего школьного возраста.Оf specialists in the social and pedagogical sphere in the modern socio-cultural conditions of the development of the education system. An important task of the school at the present time is the creation of specially organized pedagogical conditions for the formation of students' social abilities. In solving this problem, a significant role belongs to the age from which the process of socialization of the individual begins. In this regard, it is necessary to consider in this article the peculiarities of the formation of social abilities of students of primary school age

Electrochemical reduction of 1-phosphinyl-2-sulfonylethylenes and the ESR spectra of their anion radicals

1. In aprotic and limitedly protogenic media, electrochemical reduction takes place with the cleavage of the C-S bond (EEC mechanism) and in protogenic media with the hydrogenation of the C=C bond (ECE mechanism). 2. The SO2 group does not prevent the distribution of the spin density over the whole molecule. © 1981 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Stereochemistry of seven-membered heterocycles: XLV. Highly diastereoselective addition of dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate to 2-substituted 1,3-dithiacyclohept-5-enes

Conformationally heterogeneous 2-substituted 1,3-dithiacyclohept-5-enes (R = Ph, Me, t-Bu), which exist in solution as chair and boat conformers, react with dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate with high exo- diastereoselectivity: only the chair conformer is involved. The steric structure of 4-methyl-3,5-dithia-9,10-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-7,10-diene was determined by X-ray analysis. Its crystal packing and supramolecular structure were also analyzed. © 2006 Nauka/Interperiodica

Stereochemistry of hexachlorocyclopentadiene [4+2]-cycloaddition to 2-substituted 4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepins

© 2016 Elsevier LtdExperimental investigation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene [4+2]-cycloaddition to 2-substituted 4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepins revealed an atypical stereochemical effect. Clear experimental evidence was obtained that more bulky C2 substituents favour the thermodynamically and sterically less favourable endo-isomers. The possible reasons for such behaviour are secondary interactions of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals in the transition state for endo-cycloaddition, diastereotopic solvation and coordination of the attacking diene reagent to the acetal oxygens. The reaction stereoselectivity also depends on the solvent nature and reaction temperature. We have also found that microwave irradiation significantly influences the [4+2]-cycloaddition yields and stereochemistry, though the nature of the underlying effects remains unclear