Balloon assisted technique for closure of large atrial septal defects

Amplatzer device closure of large atrial septal defects is challenging. A large device tends to malalign with the plane of the interatrial septum or prolapses through the defect. We describe a balloon assisted technique which has been successfully used in over 300 cases without a single technical failure.peer-reviewe

SHATKRIYAKALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HOMEOSTASIS AND PATHOGENESIS - A BRIEF REVIEW

Expression of any disease is a chain of various processes starting from the encounter of etiological factors unto formation of that disease. In Ayurveda it is stated that Sharir Doshas i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha are accountable for all kind of functions in the body. At the same time if there is imbalance in these Doshas due to any reason, they can affect Dhatus (body tissues) and can cause various diseases. The causation of disease is attributed to Doshas hence it is essential to know the movement of these Doshas in our body at any given point of time. The word Kriyakala comprised of two words Kriya and Kala in which Kriya means treatment or action and Kala means time. Hence Kriyakala means the time of treatment or opportunities in the process of disease manifestation. Shat Kriyakala i.e. six stages are mentioned by Aacharya Sushruta which gives an idea regarding the present condition of Doshadushti and also the progress of disease in the body. It also guides us when to start treatment and what should be the line of treatment. In modern medicine it is described that one has to maintain homeostasis so as to remain in healthy. Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment and weather. When body fails to maintain homeostasis it leads to pathogenesis and formation of disease. The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism (or mechanisms) that lead to the diseased state. The term can also describe the origin and development of the disease and whether it is acute, chronic, or recurrent. This article highlights correlation of the summery based on the Ayurvedic theory of Shatkriyakala with special reference to modern theory of homeostasis and pathogenesis

Data driven Xpath generation

The XPath query language offers a standard for information extraction from HTML documents. Therefore, the DOM tree represen- tation is typically used, which models the hierarchical structure of the document. One of the key aspects of HTML is the separation of data and the structure that is used to represent it. A consequence thereof is that data extraction algorithms usually fail to identify data if the structure of a document is changed. In this paper, it is investigated how a set of tab- ular oriented XPath queries can be adapted in such a way it deals with modifications in the DOM tree of an HTML document. The basic idea is hereby that if data has already been extracted in the past, it could be used to reconstruct XPath queries that retrieve the data from a different DOM tree. Experimental results show the accuracy of our method

A case report: incidental diagnosis of endometrial tuberculosis in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), including heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), levy a massive burden on society. Here, we discuss about two patients who came to OPD with AUB symptoms for evaluation, but incidentally diagnosed with endometrial tuberculosis. In Case 1, 45-year-old female came with complains of heavy menstrual bleeding for 6 months for 6 months. USG showed adenomyosis. Patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. But on day 7 she developed serous blood-tinged discharge per vaginum. Incidentally, patient endometrial CBNAAT report came positive for MTB, with no resistance to rifampicin. Patient was started on anti-tubercular treatment for 6 months. In Case 2, 43-year-old female came with complaints of HMB with pain abdomen and irregular menses for 3 years. USG shows early changes of Adenomyosis. Patient underwent therapeutic curettage with MIRENA insertion. Endometrial CBNAAT was negative and liquid culture (LJ) was MDR positive. Sensitivity report s/o of isoniazid and rifampicin resistant. Patient was advised monthly close follow up as symptoms were under control. When a routine screening for FGTB by CBNAAT is done for cases of AUB, there are high chances of reporting more cases in a developing nation like India. Hence sending endometrial samples for TB screening in AUB cases can be useful in finding out more cases of genital TB, where their symptoms can be related to TB infection rather than searching for a structural cause that may be is not the cause for the severe symptoms. Due to which mismanagement or unnecessary surgical interventions can be avoided

Stigma receptivity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]

Seeds of a cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line ICPA 2039 and its maintainer were sown during the rainy season of 2006 inside an insect-proof nylon cage in a field in Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. To study the stigma receptivity, hand pollinations were carried out on male-sterile plants using pollen of the maintainer line at different stages of flower bud growth of female parent. These materials and methods not only excluded the need of emasculation for controlled pollinations but also avoided chances of accidental self- or cross-pollination. Results revealed that the stigma of ICPA 2039 remained receptive for a total of approximately 120 h, starting at 48 h before flower opening and continued until 72 h thereafter. However, a considerable variation in pod set was observed in different days during this period. To optimize pod set in Patancheru environments, pollinations should be initiated a day before flower opening and continued for 3 days

A commercial micropropagation protocol for virupakshi (AAB) banana via apical meristem

In vitro micropropagation of banana (Musa spp.) cv.virupakshi (Hillbanana) was studied. Suckers were collected from the germ plasm block of Jain R&D (originally established from the suckers from Palani Hills, Tamil Nadu) during summer. The sucker surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30 min gave 100% survival without any contamination. Apical meristems that were isolated and cultured on MS based media supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) 10.0 mg/l and IAA1.0 mg/l gave higher number of shoots (134.3 shoots/explant) within168 days (24 weeks). Kinetin 2.0 mg/l and NAA0.5 mg/l gave early rooting in just five days with 6.6 roots per plant. Observations were recorded after every four weeks up to six sub-culturing. Acclimatization was done in poly house, followed by shade house under 50% light conditions. The hardened plants when shifted to the field showed luxurious growth. The regenerated micro propagated banana plants were tested for genetic uniformity through 13 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers recommended by NCS-TCP, DBT. Profiles obtained by all the three ISSR primers namely, 834, 840 and 850, respectively exhibited similar banding patterns, which revealed the existence of genetic uniformity in micro- propagated plants.Keywords: Micropropagation, Virupakshi, hill banana, banana bunchy top viru

Comparative Performance of Mango Varieties Grafted on Vellaikolamban and Mixed Rootstock

Research on rootstock in mango is very limited in our country. Kalapady was reported to be a dwarfing rootstock. Recent trend among mango growers is to high density orcharding with dwarfening nature of the varietie. Efforts were made at Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, to study comparative performance of Ratna, Alphonso and Kesar mango on Vellaikolamban and mixed rootstock i.e., heterozygous seedling stock and the effect of rootstock on a scion under high density of 5m x 5m spacing. Results indicated that use of Vellaikolamban rootstock reduced plant volume in scion cv. Alphonso by 39.1%, followed by 24.9% in Ratna and 26.5% in cv. Kesar. As volume of the canopy was reduced, it directly influenced fruit yield cvs. Alphonso and Ratna. However, reduction in canopy volume had a positive influence on yield in cv. Kesar. Net returns of Rs.38,629/- per ha were maximum for Kesar with the rootstock Vellaikolamban

High Density Planting in Mango cv. Alphonso

A trial was conducted to optimize spacing for high density planting in mango cv. Alphonso to obtain higher yield/ unit area at the Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, during 2006-07 to 2008-09 with four close spacings and one normal spacing as control. Highest yield (6.4 MT/ha) was recorded with a spacing of 5 m x 5 m without reduction in fruit size in 10 year old plants compared to the mean yield of 1.12 MT/ha in 10m x 10m normal spacing. High density plantation helped to get significantly higher yield per unit area compared to the normal spacing, without affecting size and quality of mango fruits. The highest cost:benefit ratio (2.33) was recorded in high density plantation of 5m x 5m, with maximum net returns of Rs.1,12,000/- per hectare. The present findings show promise for more yield and returns per unit area during the initial years of mango plantation by adopting 5m x 5m high density planting