Foster mother Contents and Expressions in Kurunthokai Poems

Sangam literature is rich and subtle. It is questionable whether even the students studying Tamil understand such literary songs. The reason for this is the lack of proper understanding of the changes in the modern language and the literary structure of the Sangam Age. In order to understand these Sangam literatures, it is necessary to analyse these literatures. By analyzing in this way, the appreciation of literature and the study of Sangam literature can be conveyed to the students in a simple manner. In this context, this article examines the contents and outputs of the nurse poems in the Kuruntogi, which is highlighted as "Nalla Kuruntogi" in the Sangam literature

Weak Ergodicity Breaking in Optical Sensing

The time-integrated intensity transmitted by a laser driven resonator obeys L\'evy's arcsine laws [Ramesh \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textit{in press} (2024)]. Here we demonstrate the implications of these laws for optical sensing. We consider the standard goal of resonant optical sensors, namely to report a perturbation to their resonance frequency. In this context, we quantify the sensing precision attained using a finite energy budget combined with time or ensemble averaging of the time-integrated intensity. We find that ensemble averaging outperforms time averaging for short measurement times, but the advantage disappears as the measurement time increases. We explain this behavior in terms of weak ergodicity breaking, arising when the time for the time-integrated intensity to explore the entire phase space diverges but the measurement time remains finite. Evidence that the former time diverges is presented in first passage and return time distributions. Our results are relevant to all types of sensors, in optics and beyond, where stochastic time-integrated fields or intensities are measured to detect an event. In particular, choosing the right averaging strategy can improve sensing precision by orders of magnitude with zero energy cost

PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF VATARI GUGGULU

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Rasaoushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These Oushadis possess wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Vatari Guggulu is an important Rasa oushadi described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali - Amavata Adhikarana indicated in Gridhrasi. Vatari Guggulu contains Suddha Gandhaka (Sulphur), Suddha Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica Roxb), Amlaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), Eranda taila (Ricinus communis Linn). The pharmaceutical procedures adopted in this study are Shodhana, Churna Nirmana and preparation of Vati of Vatari Guggulu. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Till now, no research work has been carried out to standardize this formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Vatari Guggulu according to the method explained in the classical literature

ETHNO-BOTANICAL CLAIMS COLLECTED FROM TRIBAL AND RURAL PEOPLE OF KADAPA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH

The main aim of the study is to collect the ethnobotanical claims on therapeutic actions of twenty-seven (27) plant species belonging to Fourteen (14) families of angiosperms; practicing by tribal and rural people of Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. The study was directed in the tribal villages and provincial regions like; Badvel, Balapalli, Chitvel, Guvvala cheruvu, Kukkaladhoddi, Lankamalai, Mamandur, Palakonda hills, Pulivendula, Rajampeta, Rayachoti and Settipalli in Kadapa District. The governed tribal populations in these regions are Yanadhi accompanied by Yerukula, Nakkala, and Sugalis. Tribal and rural people of the investigated areas have been applying all these plant materials in the form of ash, boiled, crude, curry, decoction etc. for treating 27 disease conditions like; anorexia, bilious affections, piles, burning sensation in the stomach, cold and cough, dandruff, dental diseases, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, redness of eye, facial paralysis, fever, fissures, cracks, flatulence, haemorrhage, hair loss, indigestion, intestinal ulcers, loss of libido, migraine, pains, swellings etc. The botanical name, family name, habit, habitat, part(s) used, flowering and fruiting time, the name of the diseases against which the plants are used and mode of administration with dosage for most of the claims is discussed in detail. The provided information could be used to find new medications of natural origin by the systematic research on pharmacological and clinical trials

Transplantation and the Nature of the Immune Self

There are many theories regarding the nature of the immune self. However, existing theories have not accounted for the clinical experience of transplantation. Kidney transplantation provides a unique opportunity to examine the nature of the immune self because the immune system is deliberately engaged at a known point in time. The self-nonself theory provides a dichotomy that is very useful for pre-transplant preparation but it fails to provide sufficient explanation for the diversity of post-transplant phenomena. The liquid self hypothesis provides a more adequate explanation for the variation in post-transplant outcomes because it accounts for the spatiotemporal evolution of the immune self in response to the environment. The immune self is always changing. The switch between self and nonself status for all antigens is the essence of the continuing change in the immune self. The success of transplantation is determined by how well the immune self adapts to the challenge that a transplant imposes

DESIGNING OF ANTI-CANCEROUS HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS THROUGH MIMICKING OF PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERFACES

Objective: The objective of the study was to come up with of the small molecular modulators that inhibit protein – protein interfaces or interaction site in HDAC complexes. The main focus is on the mimicking or forming of tiny molecule wherever by inhibiting the protein-protein interactions in specifically HDAC protein complexes.  Methods: By mimicking of the interface of the protein interaction site like SIN3A-SMRT complex as well as SIN3A-NcoR complexes. Results: Totally 10 molecular structures were designed through molecular docking with HDAC2 PDB Id 3MAX and were downloaded from protein data bank. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate that before synthesis and biochemical testing of new lead and its analogs; one can use molecular modeling based methods for qualitative assessment