The effect of cysteine and sodium selenite on the toxicity of cadmium in Staphylococcus aureus

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45Ca mobility and distribution during ripening and maturation of Rutgers and RIN tomatoes

Radioisotope 45Ca was used to examine changes in levels of bound and soluble calcium during tomato fruit ripening, and the distribution of calcium in different regions of Rutgers and Rin (non-ripening) tomato tissue. Levels of cell wallmiddle lamella bound 45Ca decreased readily in pericarp tissue during ripening of Rutgers tomatoes with only as mall decrease being observed in RIN fruit. No significant increase in soluble 45Ca was observed for either genotype during ripening. Decreasing levels of bound and soluble 45Ca were observed from calyx to blossom end of pericarp tissue in Rutgers and RIN fruits. Low levels of bound 45Ca were found in the inner locular walls at an early stage of tomato ripening. The implication of low levels of cell wall bound calcium in relation to catabolic changes associated with ripening are discussed

Distinct Early Molecular Responses to Mutations Causing vLINCL and JNCL Presage ATP Synthase Subunit C Accumulation in Cerebellar Cells

Variant late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (vLINCL), caused by CLN6 mutation, and juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), caused by CLN3 mutation, share clinical and pathological features, including lysosomal accumulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c, but the unrelated CLN6 and CLN3 genes may initiate disease via similar or distinct cellular processes. To gain insight into the NCL pathways, we established murine wild-type and CbCln6nclf/nclf cerebellar cells and compared them to wild-type and CbCln3Δex7/8/Δex7/8 cerebellar cells. CbCln6nclf/nclf cells and CbCln3Δex7/8/Δex7/8 cells both displayed abnormally elongated mitochondria and reduced cellular ATP levels and, as cells aged to confluence, exhibited accumulation of subunit c protein in Lamp 1-positive organelles. However, at sub-confluence, endoplasmic reticulum PDI immunostain was decreased only in CbCln6nclf/nclf cells, while fluid-phase endocytosis and LysoTracker® labeled vesicles were decreased in both CbCln6nclf/nclf and CbCln3Δex7/8/Δex7/8 cells, though only the latter cells exhibited abnormal vesicle subcellular distribution. Furthermore, unbiased gene expression analyses revealed only partial overlap in the cerebellar cell genes and pathways that were altered by the Cln3Δex7/8 and Cln6nclf mutations. Thus, these data support the hypothesis that CLN6 and CLN3 mutations trigger distinct processes that converge on a shared pathway, which is responsible for proper subunit c protein turnover and neuronal cell survival

45Ca mobility and distribution during ripening and maturation of Rutgers and RIN tomatoes

Julkaisussa on vanha ISSN 0024-8835.vokkirjasto Aj-K45Ca-isotoopin liikkuvuus ja jakautuminen Rutgers ja RIN-tomaattilajikkeissa kypsymisen aikan

45Ca-isotoopin liikkuvuus ja jakautuminen Rutgers ja RIN-tomaattilajikkeissa kypsymisen aikana

Radioisotope 45Ca was used to examine changes in levels of bound and soluble calcium during tomato fruit ripening, and the distribution of calcium in different regions of Rutgers and Rin (non-ripening) tomato tissue. Levels of cell wallmiddle lamella bound 45Ca decreased readily in pericarp tissue during ripening of Rutgers tomatoes with only as mall decrease being observed in RIN fruit. No significant increase in soluble 45Ca was observed for either genotype during ripening. Decreasing levels of bound and soluble 45Ca were observed from calyx to blossom end of pericarp tissue in Rutgers and RIN fruits. Low levels of bound 45Ca were found in the inner locular walls at an early stage of tomato ripening. The implication of low levels of cell wall bound calcium in relation to catabolic changes associated with ripening are discussed.Radioaktiivista 45Ca-isotooppia käytettiin tutkittaessa sitoutuneen ja liukoisen kalsiumin määrän muutoksia tomaatissa sen kypsyessä sekä kalsiumin jakautumista kypsymättömän tomaatin eri osissa. Tomaattilajikkeet olivat Rutgers ja RIN. Soluseinien keskilevyjen sitoma 45Ca-isotoopin määrä pienentyi voimakkaasti perikarppisolukossa Rutgers lajikkeen kypsyessä, kun taas RIN 1 lajikkeella pienentyminen oli vähäistä. Liukoisen 45Ca-isotoopin määrässä ei havaittu merkittävää lisäystä kummankaan lajikkeen kypsymisvaiheessa. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin molemmilla lajikkeilla liukoisen ja sitoutuneen 45Ca-isotoopin määrissä pienentymistä perikarppisolukossa verhiöstä kukkapohjaan. Tomaatin kypsymisen varhaisessa vaiheessa todettiin sitoutuneen 45Ca-isotoopin alhainen määrä sisemmissä vaskulaariseinämissä. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin lisäksi soluseinään sitoutuneen kalsiumin alhaisen määrän vaikutus katabolisiin muutoksiin kypsymisvaiheessa

Properties and cleanability of traditional and new agricultural surface materials : a laboratory study

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