Evaluación de la accesibilidad para sistemas de transporte subterráneo: análisis del metro de Santiago - Chile

Considerando que una parte importante de la población mundial vive con algún tipo de discapacidad y que la esperanza de vida aumenta, el hecho de tener un transporte accesible permitiría que las personas mejoraran su calidad de vida, accediendo a más oportunidades socioeconómicas. A partir de un diseño descriptivo mixto (cualitativo etnográfico y cuantitativo), este artículo presenta una herramienta de evaluación del nivel de accesibilidad en el uso del tren subterráneo para personas con discapacidad visual, física, cognitiva y auditiva. Se analizaron los datos de 30 estaciones del Metro de Santiago de Chile, estudiando el desplazamiento desde el exterior a la estación, la permanencia en zona de pagos y el desplazamiento hacia andenes y combinaciones. De los indicadores evaluados, los que tienen relación con el desplazamiento hacia el andén son los que presentan menores niveles de accesibilidad, ya que no responden a todas las necesidades para los distintos tipos de discapacidad analizados

Large-scale survey for canine vector-borne parasites in free-ranging dogs and foxes from six diverse bioclimatic regions of Chile

Chile is a large country with a marked range of climate conditions that make it an ideal scenario for the study of vector-borne parasites (VBPs); however, knowledge about their distribution is limited to a few confined areas of this country. The presence of Hepatozoon spp., piroplasmids, Leishmania spp. and filarioids was investigated through molecular and serological methods in blood and serum samples of 764 free-ranging rural dogs, 154 Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus), and 91 South American grey foxes (Lycalopex griseus) from six bioclimatic regions across Chile. Hepatozoon spp. DNA was exclusively detected in foxes (43% prevalence), including sequences closely related to Hepatozoon felis (24.1%; only Andean foxes), Hepatozoon americanum (16.2%; only grey foxes), and Hepatozoon canis (1.25%; in one grey fox). Risk factor assessment identified a higher probability of Hepatozoon infection in juvenile foxes. DNA of piroplasmids was detected in 0.7% of dogs (Babesia vogeli) but in no fox, whilst antibodies against Babesia sp. were detected in 24% of the dogs and 25% of the foxes, suggesting a wider circulation of canine piroplasmids than previously believed. A positive association between the presence of antibodies against Babesia and high Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato burden was observed in dogs. Leishmania spp. DNA and antibodies were detected in 0.8% and 4.4% of the dogs, respectively. Acanthocheilonema reconditum was the only blood nematode detected (1.5% of the dogs and no fox). Differences in prevalence among bioregions were observed for some of the VBPs. These results expand our knowledge about the occurrence of vector-borne parasites in Chile, some of which are firstly reported herein. This information will facilitate the diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in domestic dogs and improve the control measures for both domestic and wild canids

Distribution, transmission, and risk factors of infection with canine vector-borne pathogens in wild foxes and free-ranging dogs in Chile

Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) distribution tends to be circumscribed to certain areas with climatic features where their vectors are able to persist. In this aspect, Chile possesses a marked variety of bioclimates that provides an ideal scenario to study the distribution of vector-borne pathogens, considering that ticks of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus species group are widely distributed in the country. Despite this, information about the presence, distribution, and impact of CVBP in domestic and wild canines in Chile is very scarce. In this study, blood and serum samples of 981 dogs, 155 Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus), and 90 grey foxes (L. griseus) were obtained from six different bioclimatic regions throughout Chile.Para acceder a la videoconferencia completa, hacer clic en "Enlace externo".Sociedad Latinoamericana de Ecología de Vectore

Babesia vogeli in dogs in Chile

We report the presence of Babesia vogeli in dogs in Chile. During two surveillance campaigns separated by a year, sixty-three blood samples from free-ranging rural dogs in Coquimbo, Chile, were analysed through conventional PCR screening of the 18S rRNA for Babesia species. Sequencing confirmed the presence of Babesia vogeli in 6.3% of the tested animals, with positive cases in both years. All the sequences showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity among them and 99.8% with other previously published sequences from dogs. No clinical signs or haematological abnormalities other than thrombocytopenia were found in the parasitized individuals. This is the first report of a canine piroplasmid in Chile.Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 116159

Abordagem da saúde mapuche aos transtornos na área da fonoaudiologia na região de La Araucanía, Chile: rumo à fonoaudiologia em chave intercultural

The objective of this research is to investigate and discuss how Mapuche health approaches the health conditions that Speech-Language Therapy classifies as communication disorders, from a theoretical-epistemological approach that contemplates the training of health agents, the diagnostic process, the intercultural mapuche health system relationships, and the treatment of voice, hearing, swallowing, language and cognition disorders. Through a grounded theory design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six Mapuche health agents, including four machi, one lawentuchefe, and one peumantufe. As results, three categories of analysis are obtained: kizukutrán (related to the training process of the health agent), kutrán (related to pathologies, disorders, diagnosis and treatment) and health system (related to the differences and relationships between the system mapuche and non-mapuche health). Mapuche traditional practitioners use medicinal plants, rituals and their own therapeutic resources to address pathologies in the area of speech therapy, and they are used independently or together with official medical health. The differences and coincidences of the Mapuche health approach to pathologies in the area of speech therapy are discussed, as well as the challenges of the profession to carry out respectful and ethical intercultural therapeutic practices.El objetivo de esta investigación es indagar cómo la salud mapuche se aproxima a las condiciones de salud que la fonoaudiología clasifica como trastornos de la comunicación, desde un planteamiento teórico-epistemológico que contempla la formación de los agentes de salud, el proceso diagnóstico, el sistema de atención propio e intercultural y el tratamiento de las patologías de voz, audición, deglución, lenguaje y cognición. A través de un diseño teórico-metodológico basado en la teoría fundamentada, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis personas agentes de salud mapuche, incluyendo cuatro machi, un lawentuchefe y un peumantufe. Como resultados se obtienen tres categorías de análisis: kizukutrán, relacionado con el proceso de formación del agente de salud; kutrán, relacionado con las patologías, trastornos, su diagnóstico y tratamiento, y sistema de salud, relacionado con las diferencias y relaciones entre el sistema salud mapuche y no mapuche. Los sanadores tradicionales mapuche usan plantas medicinales, rituales y recursos terapéuticos propios para el abordaje de las patologías del área de la fonoaudiología, y que se emplean de manera independiente o en conjunto con la salud médica oficial. Se discuten las diferencias y coincidencias del abordaje de la salud mapuche a las patologías del área de la fonoaudiología, así como los desafíos para la profesión que implica realizar prácticas terapéuticas interculturales respetuosas y éticas, en perspectiva de una interculturalidad crítica. [Tüfachi inaramtun zugu ta küpa inaramtuy mapuche lawentuchen mew tüfey chi ketxozugun pigekelu ta fonoaudiología mew, kiñe rakizuam kimün mew koneltulelu ta pu lawentuchefe, ñi chumgechi kimgeken ta kutxan, ñi chumgechi lawentugeken ta che ka intercultural mew ka chumgechi ñi lawentugeken ta ketxoketxozugulu, allkün zugu, rulmen yaqel zugu, zugun ka ñi chumgechi kimken ta che. Tüfa chi küzaw ta nentugey kiñe teórico-metodológico zugu mew reküluwkülelu ta teoría fundamentada zugu mew, nentugey wenche azkünun ramtukan mew ta kayu lawentuchefe küzawkelu ta lawentuchen mew, fey mew ramtugey ta meli machi, kiñe lawentuchefe ka kiñe pewmatufe. Fey wechulün küzaw ta wentugey küla güneltun zugu: kizukutxan, tüfey chi zugu ta lawentuchefe ñi chumgechi kimeltugey ñi kim lawentucheal; kutxan, tüfey ta kutxan zugu, kutxankawün zugu, ñi chumgechi kimgeken chem kutxangen ka chumgechi lawentugeal, ka lawentuchen zugu, fey mew ta feypigey chem kaley ka chem zugu mew yewpay ta mapuche lawentuchen egu wigka lawentuchen. Pu mapuche lawentuchefe pünekeygün aliwenke lawen, llellipun ka pünekeygün kiñeke mapuche azümüwün lawentual tüfey chi kutxan konkelu fonoaudiología mew, fey wichu pünegekeygün kam txür amulekey médico lawentuchen egu. Femgechi gütxamyegey ñi kalen ka ñi yewpan ñi chumgechi lawentugeken kutxan konkülelu ta fonoaudiología zugu mew, ka femgechi gütxamyegey ñi chumgechi küzawafel fey chi profesión ñi zoy küme yamkechi lawentual epu rume kimün mew, ñi küme güneltunieal ta epu rume kimün.]O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar e discutir como a saúde mapuche aborda as condições de saúde que a fonoaudiologia classifica como transtornos da comunicação a partir de uma abordagem teórico-epistemológica que contempla a formação dos agentes de saúde, o processo diagnóstico, o sistema de cuidado próprio e intercultural e o tratamento de patologias da voz, audição, deglutição, linguagem e cognição. Por meio de um delineamento teórico-metodológico baseado na teoria fundamentada, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis agentes de saúde mapuche, sendo quatro machi, um lawentuchefe e um peumantufe. Como resultado, obtêm-se três categorias de análise: kizukutrán (relacionado ao processo de formação do agente de saúde), kutrán (relacionado a patologias, transtornos, seu diagnóstico e tratamento) e sistema de saúde (relacionado às diferenças e relações entre o sistema de saúde mapuche e não mapuche). Os curandeiros mapuche utilizam plantas medicinais, rituais e recursos terapêuticos próprios para tratar patologias na área da fonoaudiologia e que são utilizados de forma independente ou em conjunto com a saúde médica oficial. Discutem-se as diferenças e coincidências da abordagem da saúde mapuche às patologias na área da fonoaudiologia, bem como os desafios da profissão para realizar práticas terapêuticas interculturais respeitosas e éticas

Large-scale survey for canine vector-borne parasites in free-ranging dogs and foxes from six diverse bioclimatic regions of Chile

Chile is a large country with a marked range of climate conditions that make it an ideal scenario for the study of vector-borne parasites (VBPs); however, knowledge about their distribution is limited to a few confined areas of this country. The presence of Hepatozoon spp., piroplasmids, Leishmania spp. and filarioids was investigated through molecular and serological methods in blood and serum samples of 764 free-ranging rural dogs, 154 Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus), and 91 South American grey foxes (Lycalopex griseus) from six bioclimatic regions across Chile. Hepatozoon spp. DNA was exclusively detected in foxes (43% prevalence), including sequences closely related to Hepatozoon felis (24.1%; only Andean foxes), Hepatozoon americanum (16.2%; only grey foxes), and Hepatozoon canis (1.25%; in one grey fox). Risk factor assessment identified a higher probability of Hepatozoon infection in juvenile foxes. DNA of piroplasmids was detected in 0.7% of dogs (Babesia vogeli) but in no fox, whilst antibodies against Babesia sp. were detected in 24% of the dogs and 25% of the foxes, suggesting a wider circulation of canine piroplasmids than previously believed. A positive association between the presence of antibodies against Babesia and high Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato burden was observed in dogs. Leishmania spp. DNA and antibodies were detected in 0.8% and 4.4% of the dogs, respectively. Acanthocheilonema reconditum was the only blood nematode detected (1.5% of the dogs and no fox). Differences in prevalence among bioregions were observed for some of the VBPs. These results expand our knowledge about the occurrence of vector-borne parasites in Chile, some of which are firstly reported herein. This information will facilitate the diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in domestic dogs and improve the control measures for both domestic and wild canids.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20200.564 SJR (2020) Q2, 51/200 Veterinary (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE

A serosurvey for spotted fever group Rickettsia and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in rural dogs and foxes, Chile

Antibodies against Spotted Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsia and Coxiella burnetii, investigated through indirect antibody immunofluorescence tests, were detected in serum samples from 3.1% and 0% of 358 rural dogs, respectively, and in none of 32 wild foxes tested. SFG Rickettsia seropositive dogs were only detected in the Mountain Desert (8%) and the Steppe-Mediterranean (9%) regions. Exposure in the Mountain Desert, where no ticks and fleas were found on any dog, could correspond to a new SFG Rickettsia sp. recently described in soft ticks or to a related agent. Our survey confirms low endemicity in the country of C. burnetii, as observed in recent serosurveys in humans.Sin financiación2.268 JCR (2020) Q2, 37/146 Veterinary Sciences0.687 SJR (2020) Q1, 34/200 Veterinary (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE

Monitoreo a procesos de restauración ecológica aplicado a ecosistemas terrestres

Esta guía materializa mas de dos años de trabajo, pretende ser una herramienta sencilla y muy gráfica a aquellos que están implementando, redactando y evaluando proyectos de restauración ecológica y que quieran estructurar un buen plan de monitoreo a diversos componentes del ecosistema a intervenir (e.g. flora, fauna, suelos). Por esto, en sus dos capítulos y trece secciones, el libro ha querido abarcar desde los aspectos conceptuales del monitoreo hasta las técnicas para diversos grupos, seleccionando indicadores simples pero a la vez robustos. Esperamos que esta guía se convierta en una herramienta de referencia para la comunidad científica y sobre todo para los practicantes de la restauración ecológica.Bogotá, D. C., ColombiaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbold