More on Identification on Detailed Wage Decompositions

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, vol. 86, issue 4, pp. 1034-1036.wage discrimination, wage decomposition, identification

A Measure of Gender Wage Discrimination at Quantiles

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: Journal of Population Economics, 2007, vol. 18, issue 1, pp. 165-179.quantile regression, gender discrimination, wage gap

The effect of flexibility in working hours on fertility: A comparative analysis of selected european countries

The main aim of this paper is to measure the extent to which part-time work enhances fertility for married or cohabiting women of fertile age. The study covers eleven European countries. The data used are a pool sample of five waves of the European Community Household Panel. Given that we believe that the decisions concerning fertility and labor market status are taken jointly, we carry out a simultaneous estimation approach. Results suggest that policy makers wishing to implement adequate part-time schedules so as to enhance fertility should look at the part-time schedules available in Belgium, Ireland and The Netherlands, which enhance fertility for women who take advantage of this flexibility measure so as to reconcile family and work.fertility, comparative analysis, simultaneous estimation, part time work

The effect of flexibility in working hours on fertility: A comparative analysis of selected european countries

The main aim of this paper is to measure the extent to which part-time work enhances fertility for married or cohabiting women of fertile age. The study covers eleven European countries. The data used are a pool sample of five waves of the European Community Household Panel. Given that we believe that the decisions concerning fertility and labor market status are taken jointly, we carry out a simultaneous estimation approach. Results suggest that policy makers wishing to implement adequate part-time schedules so as to enhance fertility should look at the part-time schedules available in Belgium, Ireland and The Netherlands, which enhance fertility for women who take advantage of this flexibility measure so as to reconcile family and work.The authors acknowledge the financial help received from the FFBVA (1/BBVA 00044.321- 15467/2002), and Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture (BEC2000-1394). Alfredo Ariza is very grateful to ECASS (European Centre for Analysis in Social Sciences) at the ISER of Essex

More on Identification on Detailed Wage Decompositions

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, vol. 86, issue 4, pp. 1034-1036.Wage decompositions are often used to decompose wage differentials of two demographic groups into differences in characteristics and differences in returns to those characteristics. The later part is used as an estimate of the degree of discrimination. A problem with this approach is that the contributions of individual dummy variables to the wage decomposition are not identified. This note proposes a simple solution to the identification problem. The solution is illustrated with an empirical application to Spanish labor market data.We gratefully acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (BEC2000-1394) and Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (Instituto de la Mujer 33/00)

A Measure of Gender Wage Discrimination at Quantiles

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: Journal of Population Economics, 2007, vol. 18, issue 1, pp. 165-179.The literature provides several scalar measures of gender wage discrimination that cannot identify whether discrimination is greater among high earners or among low earners. Furthermore, two populations may exhibit the same value of the scalar measure while discrimination could be very differently distrubuted. We extend Oaxaca's scalar measure to any quantile of the distribution of wages. Our measure allows comparisons within a population and inter-population. Using the Spanish Survey of Wage Structure we find that gender wage discrimination increases with the quantile index but as a fraction of the gender wage gap reaches a maximum at the ninth percentile.Financial support from the Basque Government, the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (Instituto de la Mujer) is gratefully acknowledged

More on Identification on Detailed Wage Decompositions

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, vol. 86, issue 4, pp. 1034-1036.Wage decompositions are often used to decompose wage differentials of two demographic groups into differences in characteristics and differences in returns to those characteristics. The later part is used as an estimate of the degree of discrimination. A problem with this approach is that the contributions of individual dummy variables to the wage decomposition are not identified. This note proposes a simple solution to the identification problem. The solution is illustrated with an empirical application to Spanish labor market data.We gratefully acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (BEC2000-1394) and Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (Instituto de la Mujer 33/00)

A Measure of Gender Wage Discrimination at Quantiles

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: Journal of Population Economics, 2007, vol. 18, issue 1, pp. 165-179.The literature provides several scalar measures of gender wage discrimination that cannot identify whether discrimination is greater among high earners or among low earners. Furthermore, two populations may exhibit the same value of the scalar measure while discrimination could be very differently distrubuted. We extend Oaxaca's scalar measure to any quantile of the distribution of wages. Our measure allows comparisons within a population and inter-population. Using the Spanish Survey of Wage Structure we find that gender wage discrimination increases with the quantile index but as a fraction of the gender wage gap reaches a maximum at the ninth percentile.Financial support from the Basque Government, the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (Instituto de la Mujer) is gratefully acknowledged

Desempleo juvenil en España: Qué determina su duración

En este artículo se analiza la duración del desempleo juvenil en España. Los resultados empíricos, usando datos de la ECVT (1985), indican que es importante distinguir entre hombres y mujeres y entre dos posibles transiciones: desempleo-empleo y desempleo-no participación. Primero, el seguro de desempleo aumenta la duración principalmente por retrasar la salida del mercado de trabajo para mujeres y por retrasar el tener un empleo para hombres. Segundo, la situación familiar es un importante factor de la duración del desempleo de un individuo. Los hombres cabeza de familia son más rápidos en encontrar empleo que los que no lo son, mientras que las mujeres solteras encuentran empleo más rápidamente que las casadas. Tener una educación universitaria aumenta de forma sustancial la probabilidad de encontrar empleo de las mujeres jovenes, pero la variable educación no tiene un efecto significativo en la probabilidad de encontrar empleo entre los hombres jovenes. Tanto para hombres como para mujeres, aquellos que están desempleados por haber finalizado su contrato laboral son mas rápidos en abandonar el mercado laboral que los que son despedido

Entry into Motherhood: The Effect of Wages

Using the ECHP, we explored the determinants of having the first child in Spain. Our main goal was to study the relation between female wages and the decision to enter motherhood. Since the offered wage of non-working women is not observed, we estimate it and impute a potential wage to each woman (working and non-working). This potential wage enable us to investigate the effect of wages (the opportunity cost of time non-worked and dedicated to children) on the decision to have the first child, for both workers and non-workers. Contrary to previous results, we found that female wages are positively related to the likelihood of having the first child. This result suggests that the income effect overcomes the substitution effect when non-participants opportunity cost is also taken into account