330 research outputs found
Pencegahan Tindak Prostitusi Berbasis Masyarakat Adat Dalihan Na Tolu
It\u27s way before the decree of prostitution and pornography enforced in Indonesia, the Dalihan na Tolu customs had their own regulation in preventing prostitution phenomenon. Dalihan na Tolu consist of 3 elements as it is understood as three poles in traditional burning-stove which cooperating to each other, this is also applied to prostitution prevention. In every prevention of these prostitution practices, they lean on the philosophy of :”Somba mar Mora, Elek mar Anak Boru, Manat-manat mar Kahanggi”. Dalihan na Tolu custom has a principles that one cannot speak careless words or act in imprudent behaviour in front of the public.INTISARIJauh sebelum lahirnya undang-undang tentang prostitusi dan pornografi di Indonesia, ternyata masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu telah memiliki aturan tersendiri dalam melakukan pencegahan tindak prostitusi. Masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu terdiri dari 3 unsur layaknya seperti tiga tungku yang saling bekerjasama dalam berbagai hal, termasuk dalam pencegahan tindak prostitusi. Dalam setiap pencegahan praktek prostitusi, mereka berpatokan pada filosofi:”Somba mar Mora, Elek mar Anak Boru, Manat-manat mar Kahanggi”. Masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu menganut prinsip bahwa seseorang tidak akan sembarangan bicara, apalagi bertindak sembrono di hadapan orang lain, karena masing-masing mengerti tentang hubungan kekerabatan satu dengan lainnya
A Study of the Impact of Interaction Mechanisms and Population Diversity in Evolutionary Multiagent Systems
In the Evolutionary Computation (EC) research community, a major concern is maintaining optimal levels of population diversity. In the Multiagent Systems (MAS) research community, a major concern is implementing effective agent coordination through various interaction mechanisms. These two concerns coincide when one is faced with Evolutionary Multiagent Systems (EMAS).
This thesis demonstrates a methodology to study the relationship between interaction mechanisms, population diversity, and performance of an evolving multiagent system in a dynamic, real-time, and asynchronous environment. An open sourced extensible experimentation platform is developed that allows plug-ins for evolutionary models, interaction mechanisms, and genotypical encoding schemes beyond the one used to run experiments. Moreover, the platform is designed to scale arbitrarily large number of parallel experiments in multi-core clustered environments.
The main contribution of this thesis is better understanding of the role played by population diversity and interaction mechanisms in the evolution of multiagent systems. First, it is shown, through carefully planned experiments in three different evolutionary models, that both interaction mechanisms and population diversity have a statistically significant impact on performance in a system of evolutionary agents coordinating to achieve a shared goal of completing problems in sequential task domains. Second, it is experimentally verified that, in the sequential task domain, a larger heterogeneous population of limited-capability agents will evolve to perform better than a smaller homogeneous population of full-capability agents, and performance is influenced by the ways in which the agents interact. Finally, two novel trait-based population diversity levels are described and are shown to be effective in their applicability
Is the Butcher-Oemler effect a function of the cluster redshift ?
Using PSPC {\it Rosat} data, we measure x-ray surface brightness profiles,
size and luminosity of the Butcher-Oemler (BO) sample of clusters of galaxies.
The cluster x-ray size, as measured by the Petrosian r_{\eta=2} radius, does
not change with redshift and is independent from x-ray luminosity. On the other
hand, the x-ray luminosity increases with redshift. Considering that fair
samples show no-evolution, or negative luminosity evolution, we conclude that
the BO sample is not formed from the same class of objects observed at
different look-back times. This is in conflict with the usual interpretation of
the Butcher-Oemler as an evolutionary (or redshift-dependent) effect, based on
the assumption that we are comparing the same class of objects at different
redshifts. Other trends present in the BO sample reflect selection criteria
rather than differences in look-back time, as independently confirmed by the
fact that trends loose strength when we enlarge the sample with x-ray selected
sample of clusters. The variety of optical sizes and shapes of the clusters in
the Butcher-Oemler sample, and the Malmquist-like bias, are the reasons for
these selection effects that mimic the trends usually interpreted as changes
due to evolution.Comment: ApJ, in press, scheduled on May, 10 issue. 17 pages & 11 figure
The Evolution of X-ray Clusters of Galaxies
Considerable progress has been made over the last decade in the study of the
evolutionary trends of the population of galaxy clusters in the Universe. In
this review we focus on observations in the X-ray band. X-ray surveys with the
ROSAT satellite, supplemented by follow-up studies with ASCA and Beppo-SAX,
have allowed an assessment of the evolution of the space density of clusters
out to z~1, and the evolution of the physical properties of the intra-cluster
medium out to z~0.5. With the advent of Chandra and Newton-XMM, and their
unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution, these studies have been
extended beyond redshift unity and have revealed the complexity of the
thermodynamical structure of clusters. The properties of the intra-cluster gas
are significantly affected by non-gravitational processes including star
formation and Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) activity. Convincing evidence has
emerged for modest evolution of both the bulk of the X-ray cluster population
and their thermodynamical properties since redshift unity. Such an
observational scenario is consistent with hierarchical models of structure
formation in a flat low density universe with Omega_m=0.3 and sigma_8=0.7-0.8
for the normalization of the power spectrum. Basic methodologies for
construction of X-ray-selected cluster samples are reviewed and implications of
cluster evolution for cosmological models are discussed.Comment: 40 pages, 15 figures. Full resolution figures can be downloaded from
http://www.eso.org/~prosati/ARAA
Characterization of healing following atherosclerotic carotid plaque rupture in acutely symptomatic patients: an exploratory study using in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Non-Baryonic Dark Matter - Observational Evidence and Detection Methods
The evidence for the existence of dark matter in the universe is reviewed. A
general picture emerges, where both baryonic and non-baryonic dark matter is
needed to explain current observations. In particular, a wealth of
observational information points to the existence of a non-baryonic component,
contributing between around 20 and 40 percent of the critical mass density
needed to make the universe geometrically flat on large scales. In addition, an
even larger contribution from vacuum energy (or cosmological constant) is
indicated by recent observations. To the theoretically favoured particle
candidates for non-baryonic dark matter belong axions, supersymmetric
particles, and of less importance, massive neutrinos. The theoretical
foundation and experimental situation for each of these is reviewed. Direct and
indirect methods for detection of supersymmetric dark matter are described in
some detail. Present experiments are just reaching the required sensitivity to
discover or rule out some of these candidates, and major improvements are
planned over the coming years.Comment: Submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics, 59 pages, LaTeX, iopart
macro, 14 embedded postscript figure
Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Colon Presenting as a Mass-Like Lesion
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is responsible for the most common opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The colon is a common site for these infections in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus. CMV rarely presents as an intraluminal inflammatory mass in the colon. Here we report the case of a CMV infection presenting as a mass-like lesion in an AIDS patient. The clinical diagnosis of CMV infection is largely based on the characteristic endoscopic appearance. Endoscopic procedures are encouraged early in the course of CMV infection in immunocompromised patients. CMV pseudotumors along with malignancy should be part of the endoscopic evaluation in patients with AIDS
RXJ 1821.6+6827: a Cool Cluster at z=0.81 from the ROSAT NEP Survey
We present an analysis of the properties of the cluster of galaxies RXJ
1821.6+6827, or NEP 5281, at a redshift z=0.816+/-0.001. RXJ 1821.6+6827 was
discovered during the optical identification of the X-ray sources in the North
Ecliptic Pole (NEP) region of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey and it is the highest
redshift cluster of galaxies of the NEP survey. We have measured spectroscopic
redshifts for twenty cluster galaxies using the Keck-I and the
Canada-France-Hawai'i (CFH) telescopes. The value for the cluster velocity
dispersion is sigma_V=775(+182,-113) km s-1. The cluster was also observed by
XMM-Newton. Both the optical and X-ray data are presented in this paper. The
cluster has an unabsorbed X-ray flux in the 2-10 keV energy band of F(2-10
keV)=1.24(+0.16,-0.23) x 10-13 erg cm2 s-1 and a K-corrected luminosity in the
same band of L(2-10 keV)=6.32(+76,-0.73)x10^44 h_50^-2 erg s-1 (90% confidence
level). The cluster X-ray bolometric luminosity is
L(BOL,X)=1.35(+0.08,-0.21)x10^45 h_50^-2 erg s-1. The data do not allow fitting
both metal abundance and temperature at the same time. The abundance is
unconstrained and can vary in the range 0.28-1.42 Z_sun while the best fit
X-ray temperature is T=4.7(+1.2,-0.7) keV. This emission weighted X-ray
temperature is a little lower, barely within the uncertainties, than the
predicted temperature, T=6.34(+0.13,-0.35) keV, from the L_X-T_X relation of
local clusters published in the literature. The optically measured
velocitydispersion is consistent with the velocity dispersion expected from the
sigma_V-T_X relationship. We also examine the point X-ray source
RXJ1821.9+6818, or NEP 5330, located to the south east of the cluster which was
identified as a QSO at z=1.692+/-0.008 in the ROSAT NEP survey.Comment: 13 pages including 5 postscript figures and 3 tables. Accepted for
publication in the A&A main Journal. A postscript version with Fig. 2 can be
downloaded from http://www.ira.cnr.it/~gioia/PUB/publications.htm
- …