Low velocity impact analysis with NASTRAN

A nonlinear elastic force-displacement relationship is used to calculate the transient impact force and local deformation at the point of contact between impactor and target. The nonlinear analysis and transfer function capabilities of NASTRAN are used to define a finite element model that behaves globally linearly elastic, and locally nonlinear elastic to model the local contact behavior. Results are presented for two different structures: a uniform cylindrical rod impacted longitudinally; and an orthotropic plate impacted transversely. Calculated impact force and transient structural response of the targets are shown to compare well with results measured in experimental tests

A Primer on Cognitive Errors Illustrated Through the Lens of a Neurosurgical Practice

Problem Statement: Diagnostic error is often attributed to cognitive errors, including biased thinking patterns, rather than knowledge or data limitations, and education on cognitive bias deserves review in all spheres of practice. Background: The cognitive biases of practitioners create an inherent fallibility in recognizing and treating medical conditions. Awareness of cognitive errors is valuable for mitigating risk of diagnostic error. The impact of cognitive error is substantial in the management of neurosurgically relevant disease. Remarkably broad differential diagnoses often accompany neurologic symptoms. Both focal and non-focal symptoms lend themselves to diagnostic inertia that contributes to errors. Further, initial diagnostic direction can be inaccurate in the involved biological system, anatomic localization, and the pathologic process; thus delaying diagnosis and potentially courting severe consequences. The authors present neurosurgical cases to illustrate the major types of unconscious cognitive errors in medicine using clinically relevant vignettes. Strategies to mitigate cognitive error are also reviewed. Application/Recommendations: Awareness of the types of cognitive errors and de-biasing strategies are valuable to avoid faulty estimation of disease likelihood, avoid overlooking all relevant possibilities, and mitigate error in critical thinking. Recognition that all clinicians are vulnerable to cognitive error exposes the importance of strategies to reduce biases. Efforts to reduce error in medicine can be approached strategically by working to reduce bias and increase discipline in clinical reasoning

Is feedback to medical learners associated with characteristics of improved patient care?

Our Research Question: What is the association of medical learner feedback with characteristics of improved patient care

Faculty Entrustment of Students in the Core Clerkships: A Comparison between the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship and the Block Clerkship

INTRODUCTION: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have been proposed for use in undergraduate medical education. The ability of faculty to entrust students with EPAs may differ between Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) and traditional block clerkships. METHODS: Participants were core clerkship faculty, 64 in a LIC and 31 in a sequential block clerkship. We administered a web-based survey at the end of the core clerkship year to measure preceptors’ typical entrustment (on a scale of 0–10) in students for the 13 American Association of Medical Colleges Core EPAs. We compared entrustment between LIC and block faculty using a Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS:LIC faculty were more entrusting of students than block faculty in 12 out of 13 Core EPAs (p DISCUSSION: LIC faculty were more likely than block clerkship faculty to entrust core clerkship students with performance of most EPAs. This finding is likely the result of LIC faculty having increased familiarity with student abilities because of the continuity of supervision and education inherent to LIC. More research is needed to ascertain the specific features of longitudinal clerkships that increase faculty entrustment of students. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal educational experiences may facilitate the assessment of medical students with EPAs

Changes in chemical composition on different planes of nutrition.

Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Changes in the chemical composition of the timothy plant during growth and ripening, with a comparative study of the wheat plant.

Caption title.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Composition of the bovine at birth

Publication authorized January 17, 1920.Digitized 2007 AES

The maintenance requirement of cattle : as influenced by condition, plane of nutrition, age, season, time on maintenance, type, and size of animal

Cover title.Digitized 2007 AES

Changes in the compostion of the mature dairy cow during fattening.

Publication authorized July 2, 1923.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references