Connaissances Et Perceptions Des Services Écosystémiques Des Espaces Verts Des Villes De Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi Et Allada Du Sud Bénin: Implications Pour La Gestion Durable Des Forêts Urbaines Et Péri-Urbaines

La végétation urbaine dans son ensemble offre aux habitants des bienfaits aussi variés qu’utiles appelés services écosystémiques. Cette étude vise à évaluer les connaissances et la perception des services écosystémiques, ainsi que le taux de fréquentation des espaces verts publics urbains dans trois villes du sud Bénin que sont : Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou et Allada. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des interviews semi structurées ont été réalisées auprès de 405 usagers des espaces verts publics. Les résultats ont révélé quatre catégories de services écosystémiques dont les populations ont connaissance, à savoir : les services d’approvisionnement ; de soutien ; de régulation puis les services culturels. Le degré de connaissance sur des services écosystémiques est fonction du gradient d’urbanisation ; du niveau d’étude et du secteur d’activité des enquêtés. Les usagers de Cotonou fréquentent moins ces lieux que ceux résidant dans les villes d’Abomey-Calavi et d’Allada. Plus de 80 % des enquêtés ne sont pas satisfaits de la gestion de ces espaces verts par les autorités municipales. La plupart (70 %) d’entre eux ont la volonté de s'impliquer dans la gestion de ces espaces en leur consacrant du temps. 78 % des enquêtés de Cotonou sont prêts à mettre des moyens financiers, contre respectivement 45 % et 30 % de ceux d’Abomey-Calavi et d’Allada. Les enquêtés d’Abomey-Calavi et d’Allada sont plutôt plus disposés à s’impliquer physiquement dans la gestion de ces espaces verts. Il serait bénéfique, au vu des envies d’implication des enquêtés, que les autorités municipales impliquent davantage les populations, pour une gestion durable de ces espaces. The urban vegetation as a whole provides residents with a wide range of useful benefits known as ecosystem services. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perception of ecosystem services, as well as the rate of use of urban public green spaces in three cities in southern Benin, which are: Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Allada. To achieve this objective, semistructured interviews were conducted with 405 users of public green spaces. The results revealed four categories of ecosystem services of which the populations are aware, namely: provisioning; supporting; regulating; and cultural services. The level of knowledge about ecosystem services depends on the urbanisation gradient, the level of education and the sector of activity of the respondents. Users in Cotonou are less likely to visit these places than those living in the towns of Abomey-Calavi and Allada. More than 80% of the respondents are not satisfied with the management of these green spaces by the municipal authorities. Most of them (70%) are willing to get involved in the management of these spaces by devoting time to them. 78% of respondents in Cotonou are willing to contribute financial resources, compared to 45% and 30% respectively in Abomey-Calavi and Allada. Respondents in AbomeyCalavi and Allada are more willing to be physically involved in the management of these green spaces. In view of the respondents’ desire for involvement, it would be beneficial if the municipal authorities were to involve the population more in the sustainable management of these areas

Influences Des Zones Biogéographiques Sur La Diversité Avienne Des Galeries Forestières Au Bénin, Afrique De l’Ouest

This study examined the diversity and ecological distribution of riparian bird species across a climatic gradient in Benin. Riparian bird communities were compared among three climatic zones in Benin Republic from December 2012 to November 2015. The diversity and ecological distribution of riparian bird was examined from a census (inventory) of birds in forests galleries across the three climatic zones in Benin by means of a technique of sampling of limited (punctual) type centred on no listening of 20 minutes in a circular plot of 18 m of beam. A total of 140 species richness belonging to 18 orders and 44 families were recorded across climatic zones. The highest (73) species richness were recorded in Guinean zone, followed by Soudanean zone (70) and Soudano – guinean zones, the lowest (68). Similarly, species diversity was highest in Soudanean zone (H’=5.77 bits) and lowest in Soudano – guinean zone (4,28 bits). But we have a significant difference in species diversity between the study climatic zones, but relative abundance of bird are not differed between zones. Further, diverse bird guilds were recorded varying across the climatic gradients indicating the riparian forest conservation importance. Increasing farmland severs more suitable habitats with dire consequences on the survival of disturbance – sensitive bird species. These researches underpin the need for considering integrated bird conservation strategies and are important for planning local ecotourism activities and to protect riparian forest in Benin

Approvisionnement Et Commercialisation De Deux Espèces De Francolin Utilisées Comme Oiseaux Gibiers Au Bénin

The two species of francolin used as game birds in Benin are Francolinus albogularis Hartlaub and Francolinus bicalcaratus Linnaeus belong to the family Phasianidae. This study aims to evaluate the importance of the commercialization of these game birds at the level of the different actors involved in the value chain. Data collection is based on structured and semistructured surveys conducted at the outlets of species along inter-state roads, in restaurants and hotels, public dining places and bushmeat markets as well than consumers. In total, 495 people were surveyed. The data collected is essentially the actors of the marketing chain, the evolution of the price variation of an individual of francolin, the different transaction circuits, the places of supply. The Minitab 16 software, with the descriptive statistical function, was used to assess the evolution of the price of a francolin individual over the last thirty years among the actors of the marketing circuit. Calculated meat supply frequencies and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. The results from the analysis of the data show that three main actors intervene in the distribution of the product, a varaiation of frequency of supply of the meat, the price of sale of an individual of francolin rose from 50 FCFA there is thirty years to 1600 FCFA this day at the level of hunters. For women processors, this price went from 200 FCFA twenty years ago to 1500 FCFA that day; while he spent for the same period from 300 FCFA to 3500 FCFA among the tenants of restaurants and hotels. This shows a consequent increase in prices. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference between the average selling prices of an individual francolin by hunters from thirty years ago, twenty years, ten years, five years ago and then today. It follows from all the above that urgent measures are being taken to adopt a domestication model for the multiplication of individuals and the valorization of francolins' meat

Diversité floristique des formations végétales urbaines au Sud du Bénin (Afrique de l’Ouest)

Trees in urban areas have become an essential element for sustainable environment. However, in some African cities, the emphasis is often not placed on this forest heritage. The present study carried out in the districts of Abomey-Calavi, Allada and Cotonou in southern Benin aimed to assess the diversity of trees in public and private green spaces for the improvement of the urban environment. The method of itinerant surveys was used to identify the plant species found in the alignment trees, the green public squares and the concessions of these cities. During the study, the dendrometric and geographical parameters of trees with dbh ? 15 cm were collected. The diversity index, biological types and phytogeographic affinity of the species were analyzed. The results showed a floristic richness composed of 61 plant species distributed in 56 genus and 30 families. Leguminosae (33.3%), Arecaceae (16.0 %), Combretaceae (10.0%) are the dominant families. Shannon's diversity index and Pielou's equitability index are respectively between 2.92 to 3.03 bits and 0.65 to 0.67 bits. Mesophanerophytes are also abundant (57.0%). The relative abundance of pantropical species over other phytogeographic types confirms the loss of local biodiversity in our urban environments. The present study constitutes an important awareness for the preservation of green spaces in these cities. Keywords: urban biodiversity, urban green space, biological types, phytogeographic types, BeninL’arbre en milieu urbain est devenu dorénavant un élément essentiel pour un environnement vivable et durable. Mais, dans certaines villes africaines, l'accent n'est souvent pas mis sur ce patrimoine forestier. La présente étude réalisée dans les villes d’Abomey-Calavi, Allada et Cotonou situées au Sud du Bénin a pour but d’évaluer la diversité des arbres dans les espaces verts publics et privés pour l’amélioration de l’environnement urbain. La méthode de relevés itinérants a permis de recenser les espèces végétales que comportent les arbres d’alignement, les places publiques végétalisées et les concessions de ces villes. Au cours de l’inventaire, les paramètres dendrométriques et géographiques des individus de dbh ? 15 cm ont été notés. Les indices de diversité, les types biologiques et l’affinité phytogéographique des espèces ont été analysés. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une richesse floristique composée de 61 espèces végétales réparties dans 56 genres et 30 familles. Les Leguminosae (33,3 %), les Arecaceae (16,0 %), les Combretaceae (10,0%) sont les familles dominantes. Les indices de diversité de Shannon et l’équitabilité de Piélou sont compris respectivement entre 2,92 à 3,03 bits et 0,65 à 0,67. On note par ailleurs une abondance des mésophanérophytes (57,0%). L’abondance relative des espèces pantropicales sur les autres types phytogéographiques confirme la perte de la biodiversité locale dans nos milieux urbains. La présente étude constitue une importante sensibilisation pour le maintien des espaces verts dans ces villes. Mots clés: biodiversité urbaine, espace vert urbain, types biologiques, types phytogéographiques, Béni

Ethno-zoological use of bee products and by-products east of the W Transboundary Biosphere Reserve in Benin

La présente étude est menée à l’Est du Parc W dans les communes de Malanville, Karimama et Kandi. Elle a pour objectif global de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des produits et sous-produits des abeilles. L’approche méthodologique utilisée est constituée de la recherche documentaire, des observations directes sur le terrain et des enquêtes ethno-zoologiques. Au total, 204 personnes choisies aléatoirement ont été interviewées dans sept groupes ethniques. Ainsi, les résultats des données ont été analysés grâce à l’application de l’analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC), de l’analyse de variance et des tests de Kruskall W. et de Mann. Les résultats montrent qu’environ 100% des enquêtés utilisent le miel dans l’alimentation. Selon les résultats des tests utilisés, il n’y a pas de différence significative entre l’usage des produits d’abeilles par groupe ethnique et tranche d’âge. L’analyse sur les deux premiers axes factoriels explique 100% de la relation ’’produits-utilisation’’. Cette étude a permis de découvrir que tous les produits d’abeilles sont d’une grande utilité. Mots clés: Abeilles, produits, réserve transfrontalière, biosphère, BéninThe current study has been carried out in the park W in the communes of Malanville, Karimama and Kandi. Its overall objective is to contribute to a better knowledge of bee products and by-products. The methodological approach used consisted on literature search, direct observations in the field, socio-economic and ethno-zoological surveys. In total, 204 randomly chosen persons belonging to seven ethnic were interviewed. Data obtained was analyses using factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) and Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney tests. Results showed that 100% of the people investigated use honey in their diet. There was no significant difference between the use of bee products by ethnic groups and by age groups. The analysis on the first two factorial axis explains 100% of the relationship between bee products and their use. This study allowed us to find that all bees’ products were considered highly usefulness. Keywords: Bee products, cross-border reserves, biosphere, Beni

Reduced CSF turnover and decreased ventricular Aβ42 levels are related

International audienceBACKGROUND: The appearance of Aβ42 peptide deposits is admitted to be a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, although amyloid deposits also occur in aged non-demented subjects. Aβ42 is a degradation product of the amyloid protein precursor (APP). It can be catabolized by several enzymes, reabsorbed by capillaries or cleared into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The possible involvement of a decrease in CSF turnover in A4β2 deposit formation is up to now poorly known. We therefore investigated a possible relationship between a reduced CSF turnover and the CSF levels of the A4β2 peptide.To this aim, CSF of 31 patients with decreased CSF turnover were studied. These patients presented chronic hydrocephalus communicating or obstructive, which required surgery (ventriculostomy or ventriculo-peritoneal shunt). Nine subjects had idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), and the other 22 chronic hydrocephalus from other origins (oCH).The Aβ42 peptide concentration was measured by an ELISA test in 31 ventricular CSF samples and in 5 lumbar CSF samples from patients with communicating hydrocephalus. RESULTS: The 5 patients with lumbar CSF analysis had similar levels of lumbar and ventricular Aβ42. A significant reduction in Aβ42 ventricular levels was observed in 24 / 31 patients with hydrocephalus. The values were lower than 300 pg/ml in 5 out of 9 subjects with iNPH, and in 15 out of 22 subjects with oCH. CONCLUSION: The decrease of CSF Aβ42 seems to occur independently of the surgical hydrocephalus aetiology. This suggests that a CSF reduced turnover may play an important role in the decrease of CSF Aβ42 concentration

Hybrid Cultures in Medieval Europe

Kulturen sind keine monolithischen Blöcke. Sie sind hybrid, setzen sich also aus Elementen verschiedenster Herkunft zusammen und bringen aus ihnen Neues hervor. Das DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm "Integration und Desintegration der Kulturen im europäischen Mittelalter" hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Geschichte Europas im Mittelalter vom permanenten Kontakt und Austausch her zu denken und die sich daraus ergebenden Prozesse kultureller Innovationen zu analysieren. Auf einer "International Spring School" im April 2008 präsentierte sich das Schwerpunktprogramm einer breiten wissenschaftlichen Öffentlichkeit. Der Band vereint die dort gehaltenen Vorträge und Workshops. Das Phänomen der Hybridität von Kulturen und die Differenzen der mittelalterlichen Welt zwischen Island und der Levante, zwischen Skandinavien und Nordafrika werden aus den Blickwinkeln verschiedener Disziplinen (Byzantinistik, Skandinavistik, Mediävistik, Germanistik, Kunstgeschichte, Orientalistik, Judaistik, Osteuropäische Geschichte) und Wissenschaftsnationen (Ungarn, Italien, Niederlande, Russland, Frankreich, Israel, Griechenland, USA, Island, Deutschland) beleuchtet