67 research outputs found
Attachement, problèmes de comportement et qualité de vie d'enfants accueillis en foyer
International audienceLes enfants confiés à l'Aide Sociale à l'Enfance ont vécu une séparation plus ou moins précoce d'avec leurs parents biologiques, généralement à la suite de longues périodes de négligence et/ou d'abus physiques, émotionnels ou sexuels. Le Foyer Départemental de l'Enfance a ainsi pour mission d'accueillir dans un environnement institutionnel les enfants confiés au service de l'ASE, suite à une décision judiciaire ou administrative. En raison de leur exposition à une accumulation de risques, ces enfants présentent fréquemment un développement altéré. L'objectif général de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre le développement socio-affectif d'enfants accueillis en institution (Foyer Départemental de l'Enfance) dans le cadre d'une mesure de protection de l'enfance, en prenant comme cadre de référence la théorie de l'attachement, considérée depuis quelques années comme apportant un éclairage particulièrement novateur sur ce que représente, pour un enfant, la situation de placement. Au regard du peu de données françaises disponibles, les questions de cette recherche visent d'une part à explorer les aspects spécifiques des représentations d'attachement des enfants placés ainsi que leurs problèmes de comportement ; d'autre part, à étudier la qualité de vie de ces enfants telle que rapportée par les professionnels et les enfants eux-mêmes ; enfin, à examiner les liens entre représentation d'attachement, problèmes de comportement et qualité de vie. Notre étude a porté sur 40 enfants de 4 à 10 ans confiés à l'Aide Sociale à l'Enfance et accueillis en établissement (13 filles et 27 garçons). Les enfants ont passé " les histoires d'attachement à compléter " dont nous avons codé les narratifs avec le CCH (Miljkovitch et al., 2003) et ils ont complété une version adaptée du questionnaire de qualité de vie AUQUEI (Magnificat et al., 1997). Le professionnel référent de chaque enfant a rempli le Child Behavior Checklist (Fombonne, 1991) pour mesurer les problèmes de comportement de l'enfant et le questionnaire de qualité de vie KindlR (Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger, 1998) adapté aux besoins de l'étude. Cette communication a pour objectif de faire une présentation synthétique de certains résultats qui soulignent l'impact des représentations d'attachement sur les problèmes de comportement et la qualité de vie des enfants. Les résultats montrent l'importance de la désorganisation d'attachement chez ces enfants placés, la prévalence des problèmes de comportement et l'altération de la qualité de vie
Age-related cellular copper dynamics in the fungal ageing model Podospora anserina and in ageing human fibroblasts
In previous investigations an impact of cellular copper homeostasis on ageing of the ascomycete Podospora anserina has been demonstrated. Here we provide new data indicating that mitochondria play a major role in this process. Determination of copper in the cytosolic fraction using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis and eGfp reporter gene studies indicate an age-related increase of cytosolic copper levels. We show that components of the mitochondrial matrix (i.e. eGFP targeted to mitochondria) become released from the organelle during ageing. Decreasing the accessibility of mitochondrial copper in P. anserina via targeting a copper metallothionein to the mitochondrial matrix was found to result in a switch from a copper-dependent cytochrome-c oxidase to a copper-independent alternative oxidase type of respiration and results in lifespan extension. In addition, we demonstrate that increased copper concentrations in the culture medium lead to the appearance of senescence biomarkers in human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Significantly, expression of copper-regulated genes is induced during in vitro ageing in medium devoid of excess copper suggesting that cytosolic copper levels also increase during senescence of HDFs. These data suggest that the identified molecular pathway of age-dependent copper dynamics may not be restricted to P. anserina but may be conserved from lower eukaryotes to humans
Qualité de vie et représentations d'attachement d'enfants accueillis et foyer dans le cadre d'une mesure de protection de l'enfance
International audienc
Knowledge extraction for improving case retrieval and recipe adaptation
International audienceTaaable 4 is a case-based cooking system which is a contestant in the fourth "Computer Cooking Contest", inheriting most of the features of its previous versions as well as adding new ones. Two new features both concerning knowledge acquisition using formal concept analysis (FCA) are proposed this year. The first feature uses FCA in order to enrich the domain ontology (especially the ingredient hierarchy), making the case retrieval more progressive and more precise. The second feature addresses explicitly the adaptation challenge: given a recipe R and some constraints, how can R be adapted. To compute the best way to adapt R, we propose a FCA-based method for extracting adaptation knowledge. These two knowledge extraction processes exploit additional data (73795 recipes) from the "Recipe Source" database
Plasma-wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium: Progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification
This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.The provision of a particle and power exhaust solution which is compatible with first-wall components and edge-plasma conditions is a key area of present-day fusion research and mandatory for a successful operation of ITER and DEMO. The work package plasma-facing components (WP PFC) within the European fusion programme complements with laboratory experiments, i.e. in linear plasma devices, electron and ion beam loading facilities, the studies performed in toroidally confined magnetic devices, such as JET, ASDEX Upgrade, WEST etc. The connection of both groups is done via common physics and engineering studies, including the qualification and specification of plasma-facing components, and by modelling codes that simulate edge-plasma conditions and the plasma-material interaction as well as the study of fundamental processes. WP PFC addresses these critical points in order to ensure reliable and efficient use of conventional, solid PFCs in ITER (Be and W) and DEMO (W and steel) with respect to heat-load capabilities (transient and steady-state heat and particle loads), lifetime estimates (erosion, material mixing and surface morphology), and safety aspects (fuel retention, fuel removal, material migration and dust formation) particularly for quasi-steady-state conditions. Alternative scenarios and concepts (liquid Sn or Li as PFCs) for DEMO are developed and tested in the event that the conventional solution turns out to not be functional. Here, we present an overview of the activities with an emphasis on a few key results: (i) the observed synergistic effects in particle and heat loading of ITER-grade W with the available set of exposition devices on material properties such as roughness, ductility and microstructure; (ii) the progress in understanding of fuel retention, diffusion and outgassing in different W-based materials, including the impact of damage and impurities like N; and (iii), the preferential sputtering of Fe in EUROFER steel providing an in situ W surface and a potential first-wall solution for DEMO.European Commission; Consortium for Ocean Leadership 633053; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART
Les effets de la crise du covid-19 et des mesures de confinement sur le bien-être des enfants confiés à la protection de l'enfance: Os efeitos da crise da Covid-19 e das medidas de confinamento sobre o bem-estar das crianças confiadas à proteção da infância
From 16 March 2020, the confinement established in France to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic had considerable implications. The host institutions, like all other institutions in The French territory, had to reorganize themselves in this unprecedented sanitary period. The aim of this article is to report the effects of the crisis of covid 19 and, nod. The results of this exploratory study reveal certain common characteristics of the impacts of the pandemic on children entrusted to foster care institutions, and their relational well-being, considering various risk or protective factors. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for research and practice. Understanding in which confinement has changed practices, and how they have proved beneficial to improve the well-being of protected children, allows identifying the factors or intervention strategies favorable to the mental health of this public with specific needs.A partir du 16 mars 2020, le confinement instaurĂ© en France pour ralentir la propagation de la pandĂ©mie de COVID-19 a eu une portĂ©e considĂ©rable. Les pouponnières, comme l’ensemble des autres institutions sur le territoire français, ont dĂ» se rĂ©organiser en cette pĂ©riode sanitaire inĂ©dite. L’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte des effets de la crise du covid 19 et notamment des mesures de confinement sur le bien-ĂŞtre des très jeunes enfants confiĂ©s Ă la protection de l'enfance. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude exploratoire rĂ©vèlent certaines caractĂ©ristiques communes des impacts de la pandĂ©mie sur les enfants confiĂ©s et leur bien-ĂŞtre relationnel tout en envisageant plusieurs facteurs de risque ou de protection. Enfin, les implications de ces rĂ©sultats pour la recherche et la pratique sont discutĂ©es. Comprendre en quoi le confinement a modifiĂ© les pratiques, et comment celles-ci se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour amĂ©liorer le bien-ĂŞtre des enfants protĂ©gĂ©s permet d’identifier des facteurs ou leviers d’interventions favorables Ă la santĂ© mentale et au bien-ĂŞtre de ce public aux besoins spĂ©cifiques.A partir de 16 de marco de 2020, o confinamento instaurado na França para retardar a propagação da pandemia de COVID-19 teve implicações consideráveis. As instituições de acolhimento, como todas as outras instituições do territĂłrio francĂŞs, tiveram que se reorganizar nesse perĂodo sanitário inĂ©dito. O objetivo deste artigo Ă© relatar os efeitos da crise do covid 19 e, notadamente, das medidas de confinamento sobre o bem-estar das crianças pequenas confiadas Ă proteção da infância. Os resultados desse estudo exploratĂłrio revelam certas caracterĂsticas comuns dos impactos da pandemia sobre as crianças confiadas Ă s instituições de acolhimento, e seu bem-estar relacional, considerando vários fatores de risco ou de proteção. Por fim, discute-se as implicações destes resultados para a pesquisa e para a prática. Compreender em quĂŞ o confinamento modificou as práticas, e como elas se mostraram benĂ©ficas para melhorar o bem-estar das crianças protegidas permitem identificar os fatores ou estratĂ©gias de intervenção favoráveis Ă saĂşde mental desse pĂşblico com necessidades especĂficas
L'alimentation de la femme enceinte et allaitante
BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Les dynamiques d’attachement chez les enfants relevant de la protection de l’enfance
International audienc
Embolisation des malformations artérioveineuses cérébrales (place du Glubran 2® et de l'Onyx®)
PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF
La qualité de vie des enfants accueillis en protection de l’enfance
International audienc
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