372 research outputs found
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ããç°çš®ç§»æ€ã®å¯èœæ§ãã瀺åãããã®ãšèãããããOne of the most important problems in the field of organ transplantation today is to find the safest and specific way of how to suppress the rejection reaction which must follow allogenic organ transplantation. In order to minimized the rejection reaction, the administration of nonspecific and potent immunosuppressive drugs have been currently used in many transplantation cases. However, we all know that drugs have serious drawbacks such as fatal infectious and other complication in the kidney transplantation patients, because those drugs is due to total suppression of immune reactions. One of the specific immunosuppression would be to block the antigen recognition system of immune response. In this line of thinking, author has developed a specific monoclonal antibody (anti Ia MCA) directed to mouse Ia antigen and used to the canine renal transplantation. The aim of this experiments are two folds; No.1 to find if anti Ia MCA is capable of cross reacting the dog lymphocytes and if Ia like antigen exists in the dog kidney and No.2; to find if anti Ia MCA is able to prolong the survival time of canine kidney allograft. Canine kidney transplantations have been performed in four experimental groups. Group I (18 cases) comprised of control. Group II (25 cases) was simple renal perfusion with anti Ia MCA. Group III (8 cases) was simple renal perfusion and intravenous injection with anti Ia MCA. Group IV (10 cases) was only intravenous injection with anti Ia MCA. All animals did\u27nt received postoperative immunosuppression. The results were sammarized as follows: When canine lymphocyte and kidney tissue were treated with anti Ia MCA followed, lymphocytes and kidney tissues were found to be possitive by FACS indirect fluorescent staining. This suggests a cross reaction between the Ia antigens of the mouse and the dog species. The experiments of canine renal allograft transplantation with anti Ia MCA indicated that the mouse anti Ia MCA can prolonge the survival time of canine renal allografts by simple organ perfusion. The dogs of group I survived from 5 to 13 days, mean survival time being 7 days. Group II survived from 10 to 24 days, mean 14 days. Group III survived from 7 to 14 days, mean 11 days. Group IV survived from 7 to 12 days, mean 9 days. The anti Ia MCA was appearently able to prolong the survival of the canine renal allografts.ç£å»åŠå士麻åžå€§
Breadand Effervescent Beverage Productions with Local Microbes for the Local Revitalization
Local microbes such as yeasts fungi and bacilli, were isolated and used to apply for the food processing (bread making) and the production of an effervescent beverage (fruits kvass) for promotion of the local revitalization. Our yeast isolates could contribute to make the breads that can sell in alocal bakery shop. Â Furthermore, the same yeasts could be used for making the fruit kvass (a Russian effervescent beverage which was fermented by yeast) with local fruit products (lemon, dry grape, mandarin orange and apple that were produced in Hiroshima prefecture in Japan). Development of merchandise having the local brand, which was made with only products of Hiroshima prefecture was attempted. Results of these activities demonstrate that the search of local microbes can help to establish the regional brand product related to its local area. They also showed that the local microbes have the potential ability to lead the local revitalization and the local brand product
Endoscopic and clinical evaluation of treatment and prognosis of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: a Japanese nationwide survey.
BackgroundFirst reported in 1955, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS), a rare syndrome characterized by ectodermal abnormalities and inflammatory changes of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa, has been associated with a poor prognosis and life-threatening malignant complications. In a large population survey, we endeavored to characterize the course and treatment outcome of CCS through clinical and endoscopic assessment, and to explore its optimal treatment and surveillance strategy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 210 patients with CCS was conducted via a questionnaire-based nationwide survey of 983 teaching hospitals located throughout Japan. We assessed clinical features, endoscopic findings, treatments used, and short- and long-term outcomes.ResultsThe average age at diagnosis was 63.5 years. In all cases, upper or lower gastrointestinal tract polyposis was confirmed, accompanied by characteristic ectodermal abnormalities. Of the treatments used, oral corticosteroids (30-49 mg/day) were the most effective treatment for active disease, with adjunctive nutritional support considered beneficial. With corticosteroid treatment, abdominal symptoms were relieved within a few months, whereas polyp regression often required more than 6 months. Maintenance of endoscopic remission with or without steroids for 3 years significantly lowered the development of CCS-related cancer, compared with relapsers or nonresponders, underscoring the importance of sustained endoscopic remission for cancer prevention.ConclusionsThe prognosis of CCS has greatly improved through the use of improved medical treatment. Although CCS continues to be relentlessly progressive, carrying a high cancer risk, a sufficient dose and duration of corticosteroid therapy accompanied by nutritional support and periodic endoscopic surveillance appears to improve its natural history
Multiple Regression Analysis for Grading and Prognosis of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome:Assessment of Akahoriâs Classification
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate Akahori's preoperative classification of cubital tunnel syndrome. We analyzed the results for 57 elbows that were treated by a simple decompression procedure from 1997 to 2004. The relationship between each item of Akahori's preoperative classification and clinical stage was investigated based on the parameter distribution. We evaluated Akahori's classification system using multiple regression analysis, and investigated the association between the stage and treatment results. The usefulness of the regression equation was evaluated by analysis of variance of the expected and observed scores. In the parameter distribution, each item of Akahori's classification was mostly associated with the stage, but it was difficult to judge the severity of palsy. In the mathematical evaluation, the most effective item in determining the stage was sensory conduction velocity. It was demonstrated that the established regression equation was highly reliable (RïŒ0.922). Akahori's preoperative classification can also be used in postoperative classification, and this classification was correlated with postoperative prognosis. Our results indicate that Akahori's preoperative classification is a suitable system. It is reliable, reproducible and well-correlated with the postoperative prognosis. In addition, the established prediction formula is useful to reduce the diagnostic complexity of Akahori's classification
Sodium valproate blocks the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 autocrine loop and attenuates the TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis in a human hepatic stellate cell line
13301ç²ç¬¬3918å·å士ïŒå»åŠïŒé沢倧åŠå士è«æèŠæšAbstract 以äžã«æ²èŒïŒInternational Journal of Molecular Medicine 28(6) pp.919-925 2011.Spandidos Publicatons. å
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ïŒToshifumi Watanabe, Hidehiro Tajima, Hayashi Hironori, Hisatoshi Nakagawara, Ichiro Ohinishi, Hiroyuki Takamura, Itasu Ninomiya, Hirohisa Kitagawa, Sachio Fushida, Takashi Tani, Takashi Fujimura, Tetsuo Ota, Tomohiko Wakayama, Shoichi Iseki, Shinichi Harad
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OBJECTIVE: The course of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia has not yet been established. Therefore, we followed patients with first-episode schizophrenia to verify the course of these deficits.
METHODS:In Study 1, tests of neurocognitive functioning were administered to patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FE group) every 6 months. Of the 26 patients who completed the baseline assessment, 19 completed a 6-month follow-up, and 13 completed a 1-year follow-up. In Study 2, 19 patients in FE group at 6-months when the neuropsychological measures was less influenced by psychotic symptoms and other patients who experienced schizophrenia 5-years earlier (5-year group) were compared.
RESULTS:In Study 1, verbal memory, motor speed, and executive functions significantly improved at the 1-year follow-up. In Study 2, patients in 5-year group performed worse in verbal memory and executive functions than patients in FE at 6-month group, but marginally but significantly better in verbal fluency.
CONCLUSIONS:Verbal memory, executive functions, and verbal fluency were significantly different between 5-year group and FE at 6-month group, and may indicate progression of schizophrenia. Executive functions may reflect the state of psychosis. Working memory and processing speed which did not change significantly from onset are needed to verify the course in further research.å士ïŒå»åŠïŒã»ç²610å·ã»å¹³æ26幎3æ17
Bone regeneration of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from peripheral blood cells in collagen sponge scaffolds
Stem cell-based regeneration therapy offers new therapeutic options for patients with bone defects because of significant advances in stem cell research. Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the ideal material for bone regeneration therapy using stem cell, they are difficult to obtain. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are now considered an attractive tool in bone tissue engineering. Recently, the efficiency of establishing iPSCs has been improved by the use of the Sendai virus vector, and it has become easier to establish iPSCs from several type of somatic cells. In our previous study, we reported a method to purify osteogenic cells from iPSCs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic ability of iPSCs derived from peripheral blood cells. Methodology: Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were obtained from human peripheral blood. Subsequently, T cells were selectively obtained from these MNCs and iPSCs were established using Sendai virus vectors. Established iPSCs were evaluated by the expression of undifferentiated markers and teratoma formation assays. Osteoblasts were induced from these iPSCs and evaluated by the expression of osteoblast markers. Additionally, the induced osteoblasts were transplanted into rat critical size calvaria bone defect models with collagen sponge scaffolds. Samples were evaluated by radiographical and histological assessments. Results: Induced osteoblasts expressed several osteoblast-specific markers. The results of radiographical and histological assessments revealed that the cell transplant group had bone formations superior to those of the control group. Conclusions: This study suggests that peripheral blood MNCs have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts. Although there are some hurdles in iPSC transplantation, osteoblasts obtained from MNC-iPSCs could be applied to bone regeneration therapy in the future
G-band and Hard X-ray Emissions of the 2006 December 14 flare observed by Hinode/SOT and RHESSI
We report on G-band emission observed by the Solar Optical Telescope onboard
the Hinode satellite in association with the X1.5-class flare on 2006 December
14. The G-band enhancements originate from the footpoints of flaring coronal
magnetic loops, coinciding with non-thermal hard X-ray bremsstrahlung sources
observed by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager. At the
available 2 minute cadence, the G-band and hard X-ray intensities are
furthermore well correlated in time. Assuming that the G-band enhancements are
continuum emission from a blackbody, we derived the total radiative losses of
the white-light flare (white-light power). If the G-band enhancements
additionally have a contribution from lines, the derived values are
overestimates. We compare the white-light power with the power in hard X-ray
producing electrons using the thick target assumption. Independent of the
cutoff energy of the accelerated electron spectrum, the white-light power and
the power of accelerated electrons are roughly proportional. Using the observed
upper limit of ~30 keV for the cutoff energy, the hard X-ray producing
electrons provide at least a factor of 2 more power than needed to produce the
white-light emission. For electrons above 40 keV, the powers roughly match for
all four of the time intervals available during the impulsive phase. Hence, the
flare-accelerated electrons contain enough energy to produce the white-light
flare emissions. The observed correlation in time, space, and power strongly
suggests that electron acceleration and white-light production in solar flares
are closely related. However, the results also call attention to the
inconsistency in apparent source heights of the hard X-ray (chromosphere) and
white-light (upper photosphere) sources.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Amino acid residues in the transmembrane domain of the type 1 sigma receptor critical for ligand binding
AbstractThe type 1 sigma receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed binding abilities for the sigma-1 ligands, [3H](+)pentazocine and [3H]NE-100, with similar kinetic properties as observed in native tissue membranes. Amino acid substitutions (Ser99Ala, Tyr103Phe and di-Leu105,106di-Ala) in the transmembrane domain did not alter the expression levels of the type 1 sigma receptor as determined by immunoblot analysis using an anti-type 1 sigma receptor antiserum. By contrast, ligand binding was significantly suppressed by the substitutions. These findings provide evidence that the transmembrane domain of the type 1 sigma receptor plays a critical role in ligand binding of this receptor
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