229 research outputs found

    Humor Styles Are Related to Loneliness Across 15 Countries

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    The supplementary materials provided are the R code and dataset used in the research and can be accessed in the Index of Supplementary Materials below. Rogoza, R., & Krammer, G. (2021, August 19). Humor and loneliness across 15 countries. [R script, dataset]. OSF. https://osf.io/jhp6fThe relationships between self-report loneliness and the four humor styles of affiliative, aggressive, self-defeating, and self-enhancing were investigated in 15 countries (N = 4,701). Because loneliness has been suggested to be both commonly experienced and detrimental, we examine if there are similar patterns between humor styles, gender, and age with loneliness in samples of individuals from diverse backgrounds. Across the country samples, affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles negatively correlated with loneliness, self-defeating was positively correlated, and the aggressive humor style was not significantly related. In predicting loneliness, 40.5% of the variance could be accounted. Younger females with lower affiliative, lower self-enhancing, and higher self- defeating humor style scores had higher loneliness scores. The results suggest that although national mean differences may be present, the pattern of relationships between humor styles and loneliness is consistent across these diverse samples, providing some suggestions for mental health promotion among lonely individuals

    Eye Contact and Fear of Being Laughed at in a Gaze Discrimination Task

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    Current approaches conceptualize gelotophobia as a personality trait characterized by a disproportionate fear of being laughed at by others. Consistently with this perspective, gelotophobes are also described as neurotic and introverted and as having a paranoid tendency to anticipate derision and mockery situations. Although research on gelotophobia has significantly progressed over the past two decades, no evidence exists concerning the potential effects of gelotophobia in reaction to eye contact. Previous research has pointed to difficulties in discriminating gaze direction as the basis of possible misinterpretations of others’ intentions or mental states. The aim of the present research was to examine whether gelotophobia predisposition modulates the effects of eye contact (i.e., gaze discrimination) when processing faces portraying several emotional expressions. In two different experiments, participants performed an experimental gaze discrimination task in which they responded, as quickly and accurately as possible, to the eyes’ directions on faces displaying either a happy, angry, fear, neutral, or sad emotional expression. In particular, we expected trait-gelotophobia to modulate the eye contact effect, showing specific group differences in the happiness condition. The results of Study 1 (N = 40) indicated that gelotophobes made more errors than non-gelotophobes did in the gaze discrimination task. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, the happiness expression did not have any special role in the observed differences between individuals with high vs. low trait-gelotophobia. In Study 2 (N = 40), we replicated the pattern of data concerning gaze discrimination ability, even after controlling for individuals’ scores on social anxiety. Furthermore, in our second experiment, we found that gelotophobes did not exhibit any problem with identifying others’ emotions, or a general incorrect attribution of affective features, such as valence, intensity, or arousal. Therefore, this bias in processing gaze might be related to the global processes of social cognition. Further research is needed to explore how eye contact relates to the fear of being laughed at.This research is part of the doctoral dissertation by JT-M, which is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte with a predoctoral fellowship (FPU14/05755) and with research grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) (PSI2014-52764-P to JL), and Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica- Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (DGICYT-MEC) (PSI2016- 78236-P to AA and PSI2016-79812-P to HC-D)

    Analysis of Neologisms Using the Root-Política : Connotations and Notions

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    RESUMEN: En este artículo se describen neologismos con el radical -política (parapolítica, farcpolítica, narcopolítica y yidispolítica), considerados como construcciones que extienden los límites de las palabras. Se describen desde connotaciones contextuales hasta nociones del radical -política basados en los afijos para, farc, narco y yidis. La metodología consistió en la identificación de los neologismos, su selección —previa validación por la Antena Colombiana de Neología entre 2009 y 2011— y la selección de sus contextos completos. Luego se realizó la lectura completa de los contextos neológicos, con base en el planteamiento contextual y fenomenológico planteado por Van Dijk (2000a) y Van Manen (1990), respectivamente. El análisis incluyó cinco pasos: 1) lectura inicial, para la identificación de elementos contextuales en la noticia completa (participantes, roles y actos sociales); 2) lectura en profundidad, para la diferenciación y agrupación de los diversos elementos contextuales, previa identificación; 3) determinación de temáticas mediante la lectura selectiva; 4) definición de connotaciones contextuales, mediante la conjugación de temáticas y la lectura detallada; y 5) definición de una noción para cada neologismo, mediante el análisis de las connotaciones contextuales y la lectura holística. Esta propuesta metodológica nos permitió concluir, en general, que determinados aspectos contextuales ayudan a producir nociones específicas del carácter político de cada neologismo.ABSTRACT: In this article we describe neologisms with the root -política (parapolítica, farcpolítica, narcopolítica and yidispolítica), considered as constructions which extend word limits. These neologisms are described from contextual connotations to notions of the root -política, preceded by the affixes para, farc, narco and yidis. The method involved the identification of these neologisms, their selection (previously validated by the Colombian Neological Antenna between 2009 and 2011), and the selection of the entire context in which they appeared. The next phase was to carry out a comprehensive reading of the contexts of these neologisms, based on the contextual and phenomenological approach proposed by Van Dijk (2000a) and Van Manen (1990), respectively. The analysis consisted of five steps: 1) initial reading in order to identify contextual elements in the entire news report (participants, roles, and social acts); 2) in-depth reading in order to differentiate and group the variety of the previously identified contextual elements; 3) determination of themes by means of a selective reading approach; 4) definition of contextual connotations through the analysis of themes and a detailed reading approach; and 5) definition of a notion for each neologism by means of the analysis of contextual connotations and a holistic reading approach. This methodological proposal allowed us to conclude, in general, that certain contextual aspects help produce specific notions with a political effect for each neologism.RÉSUMÉ: Cet article vise à décrire des néologismes construits à partir du radical -politique (parapolitique, farcpolitique, narcopolitique et yidispolitique), conçus comme des constructions qui repoussent les limites des mots. L’on décrit tant les connotations contextuelles que les notions du radical -politique sur la base des affixes para, farc, narco et yidis. La méthodologie s’est composée de l’identification des néologismes, de leur sélection —moyennant la validation de l’Antenne colombienne de néologie entre 2009 et 2011— et de la sélection de leurs contextes complets. L’on s’est ensuite penché sur la lecture intégrale des contextes néologiques, sur la base des approches contextuelles et phénoménologiques proposées par Van Dijk (2000a) et Van Manen (1990), respectivement. L’analyse s’est composée des cinq étapes suivantes : 1) première lecture, pour identifier les éléments contextuels dans l’article de presse entier (participants, rôles et actes sociaux) ; 2) lecture approfondie, pour différencier et regrouper les divers éléments contextuels, une fois identifiés ; 3) détermination des thématiques au moyen de la lecture sélective ; 4) définition des connotations contextuelles, au moyen de la conjugaison de thématiques et de la lecture détaillée ; et 5) définition d’une notion pour chaque néologisme, au moyen de l’analyse des connotations contextuelles et de la lecture holistique. Cette proposition méthodologique nous a permis de conclure, en général, que certains aspects contextuels aident à la production de notions spécifiques du caractère politique de chaque néologisme

    Identificación de impactos generados en la flora terrestre por la implementación de pequeñas centrales hidroeléctricas, en los municipios de Alejandría y Sonsón, región oriente del departamento de Antioquia.

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    Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Contables, Económicas y Administrativas.La creciente demanda por fuentes de energía, ha generado un interés local y global por la búsqueda de fuentes alternativas de recursos energéticos, concibiendo a las Pequeñas Centrales Hidroeléctricas como una estrategia más “amigable” con el ambiente. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar y evaluar los impactos positivos y negativos generados por la implementación de las Pequeñas Centrales Hidroeléctricas sobre la flora terrestre, en los municipios de Alejandría y Sonsón, durante las fases previas, de construcción y operación de los proyectos. La valoración de impactos, se realizó por medio del modelo de Conesa (2009) junto con un modelo propuesto por los autores. Se encontró que las actividades del proyecto que generan impacto sobre las coberturas vegetales hacen referencia a: visitas de reconocimiento; apertura de senderos y trochas; compra de predios y mejoras; remoción de vegetación y descapote; disposición de sobrantes de excavación; limpieza de la servidumbre para la línea de conexión y áreas operativas; presencia del proyecto; y mantenimiento de servidumbres y vías. Y de ellas para los tres proyectos, fueron remoción de la capa superficial del suelo para adecuación de obras y corte de la vegetación arbórea y arbustiva para el corredor de la servidumbre. El modelo propuesto por los autores mostró que el impacto de los diferentes proyectos sobre la vegetación de Sonsón 1 y 10 Alejandría está calificado como Alto, mientras que para Sonsón 2 es Medio, lo cual indica similitud en la tendencia de dichos impactos por proyecto

    From Distraction to Mindfulness: Latent Structure of the Spanish Mind‑Wandering Deliberate and Spontaneous Scales and Their Relationship to Dispositional Mindfulness and Attentional Control

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    Objectives Mind-wandering is a form of internal distraction that may occur both deliberately and spontaneously. This study aimed to provide a psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the Mind-Wandering Deliberate and Spontaneous (MW-D/MW-S) scales, as well as to extend prior research investigating their associations with dispositional mindfulness (Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire) and with the ability for attentional control of external distraction (Attentional Control Scale). Method In two large samples (n1 = 795; n2 = 1084), we examined latent structure, item- and dimension-level descriptive statistics, and internal consistency reliability scores of the Spanish MW-D/MW-S scales. Partial correlations were used to evaluate their associations with dispositional mindfulness and attentional control. Multiple linear regression and relative weight analyses were used to investigate whether or not, and to what extent, the facets of mindfulness could be uniquely predicted by internal and external distraction. Results The Spanish MW-D/MW-S scales demonstrated a two-factor structure, high internal consistency reliability scores, and good nomological validity. Dispositional mindfulness was independently explained by internal and external distraction. MW-S was the largest (negative) predictor of the scores of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, being this association particularly strong for the facet Acting with awareness. Conversely, MW-D was mildly associated with increased mindfulness. In addition, attentional control was found moderately negatively associated with MW-S and mildly positively associated with MW-D. Conclusions Our results indicate that the Spanish version of the MW-D/MW-S scales are a useful tool to assess individual differences in deliberate and spontaneous mind-wandering, shed light on the relationship between mindfulness and both internal and external distraction, and accentuate the critical role of intentionality in the study of the mind-wandering phenomena.La Caixa Foundation 100010434 LCF/BQ/DE18/11670002Euro-pean Union-Next Generation EU fundsSpanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, Min-isterio de Economia y Competitividad 100010434 Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad LCF/BQ/DE18/11670002Junta de Andalucia FPU17/06169Universidad de Granada / CBUA PID2019-104239 GB-I00/SRA PID2020-114790 GB-I00 PY20_0069

    Radicalización ideológico-política y terrorismo: un enfoque psicosocial

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    Ideological-political radicalization and terrorism generate a series of disastrous consequences for the correct functioning of society. Nowadays, polarization and ideological- political radicalization are on the rise. Factors contributing to this are situations of social upheaval like the migratory and economic crisis, as well as terrorism of an ideological-religious nature. The proposal of effective preventive interventions requires a multidisciplinary and systematic study of the phenomenon, in which social psychology is destined to play a central role. The aim of the current revision is to compile a comprehensive proposal of a conceptual nature, which will illustrate the psychosocial processes underlying violent radicalization of groups with extreme political ideologies. Specifically, the aim is to highlight the suitability of analyzing a set of psychosocial variables, which play an essential role in an individual’s personal balance, related to terrorists’ recruitment and the maintenance of extremist groups. Likewise, and as a response to the need to consider new research perspectives when studying the terrorism phenomenon, the part of victimization and competitive victimization in explaining terrorism is analyzed. The findings suggest enough theoretical links to encourage the integration of these constructs in future research.La radicalización ideológico-política y el terrorismo generan una serie de consecuencias desastrosas para el correcto funcionamiento de una sociedad. Actualmente, situaciones de convulsión social consecuencia de la crisis económica y migratoria, así como el terrorismo de corte ideológico-religioso, están ocasionando un aumento de la polarización y la radicalización ideológico-política. El planteamiento de intervenciones preventivas eficaces para atajar estos procesos requiere de un estudio sistemático y multidisciplinar en el que la psicología social debe ostentar un papel central. El objetivo del presente trabajo es hacer una propuesta comprensiva de corte conceptual que permita ordenar los procesos psicosociales que subyacen a la radicalización violenta de grupos con ideologías políticas extremistas. Concretamente, se pretende poner de manifiesto la idoneidad de analizar un conjunto de variables psicosociales que desempeñan un papel esencial en el equilibrio personal del individuo, en relación con el reclutamiento de terroristas, así como con el mantenimiento funcional de grupos radicalizados. Asimismo, y en respuesta a la necesidad de considerar nuevas perspectivas de investigación en el estudio del fenómeno terrorista, se examina el papel de la victimización y victimización competitiva, encontrándose suficientes argumentos teóricos como para recomendar la incorporación de dichos constructos en futuras investigaciones

    The importance of teaching resources bank

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    En esta comunicación nos centramos en nuestra participación en el proyecto de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla en el que se realizan labores de organización y catalogación de los recursos didácticos del Centro de documentación del Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y Sociales

    Giardiasis in children living in post-earthquake camps from Armenia (Colombia)

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    BACKGROUND: An earthquake in the coffee growing region of Colombia on January 25, 1999 destroyed 70% of the houses in Armenia city. Transitory housing camps still remained until two years after the disaster. Parasitological studies found that, in this population, giardiasis was the most frequent parasitic infection. This study was carried out in order to determine the epidemiological risk factors associated with this high prevalence. METHODS: Fecal samples were obtained from 217 children aged between 3 and 13 years. Stool samples were studied by direct wet examination and stained with ferric hematoxilin for microscopical examination. Epidemiological data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using the Epi-info software (CDC, Atlanta 2001). RESULTS: Giardia cysts were observed in 60.4% of the samples presented and trophozoites in 4.6%. The following epidemiological and laboratory factors were significantly associated with Giardia infection: 1. Use of communal toilet (vs. individual toilet) OR: 3.9, CI95%: 1.2–16; 2. water provision by municipal ducts (vs. water provision by individual tanks) OR: 3.5, CI95% 1.1–14, and 3. presence of mucus in stool OR: 2.3, IC95%: 0.9–6.7. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of giardiasis was found in children living in temporary houses after the 1999 earthquake in Armenia (Colombia). Giardiasis is an emerging disease in post-disaster situations and adequate prevention measures should be implemented during these circumstances

    Los Lenguajes Gastronómicos a partir de la gráfica popular en Plazas De Mercado en Bogotá. Casos de Estudio: “La Perseverancia”, “Las Cruces” Y “La Concordia”

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    Esta investigación se concentra en el análisis de la plaza de mercado como espacio público primordial dentro del panorama cultural gastronómico de la ciudad de Bogotá desde el cual se construye identidad en medio de las dinámicas comerciales cotidianas, de tal manera que su eje problematizador gira en torno a la siguiente pregunta de investigación ¿Por qué la gráfica popular se convierte en elemento comunicante del paisaje cultural gastronómico en las plazas de mercado de Bogotá desde la perspectiva del patrimonio cultural e identidad nacional? Metodológicamente, se trata de un estudio de carácter cualitativo y se desarrolla bajo la perspectiva estratégica del interaccionismo simbólico. Su corpus se divide en documental y natural, en tal sentido, el corpus documental articula en su revisión trabajos investigativos y normativos realizados por el Instituto para la Economía Social – IPES y Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, además de las publicaciones institucionales que se dan en el marco de las redes sociales (Facebook e Instagram) y página web del IPES y plazas de mercado distritales. De otro lado, el corpus natural, está compuesto por (17) comerciantes de las plazas objeto de estudio. Las técnicas propuestas para la recolección de datos fueron: análisis de contenido, observación directa y entrevista. Entre las categorías de análisis del proyecto se encuentran: el Food Design y las artes culinarias como objeto epistemológico; la comunicación como objeto de estudio gastronómico; los lenguajes gráficos en los mercados públicos; y la innovación dirigida por el diseño. Cabe señalar que, este proyecto configura su nivel de impacto a corto, mediano y largo plazo en tres líneas fundamentales: social, cultural y tecnológica a partir del establecimiento de premisas fundamentales como: salvaguarda de patrimonios culturales, apropiación y reivindicación cultural; y estructuración y sistematización del lenguaje gráfico popular de las plazas de mercado

    Construct validation of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire in Spanish‐speaking countries: Assessment of the reliability, structural and external validity and cross‐cultural equivalence

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    A recent re-operationalisation of grandiose narcissism has resulted in the distinction of two narcissistic strategies based on the cognitive, affective-motivational, and behavioural dynamics: admiration (assertive self-enhancement) and rivalry (antagonistic self-protection). The Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) was developed to assess this model with two higher-order dimensions. However, cross-validations of the NARQ have not been extensively conducted across diverse population groups and languages. This study aimed to test the internal and external validity (through the relation with envy and self-esteem), reliability, and cross-cultural equivalence of the Spanish version of the NARQ. The psychometric properties were evaluated in a Spanish sample (N = 310), and cross-cultural equivalence was tested in participants from Chile (N = 234) and Colombia (N = 256). The results supported the reliability and validity of the Spanish NARQ, as well as the cross-cultural equivalence across Spanish-speaking countries. In addition, we discuss obtained differences across Spanish, Chilean, and Colombian sample within two narcissistic strategies.The work of Maria M. Kwiatkowska is supportedby the research program for young scientists and PhDstudents funded by the Cardinal Stefan Wyszy´nskiUniversity in Warsaw, Poland (project number:UmoBMF-14/18). The work of R. Rogoza was sup-ported by National Science Centre, Poland (projectnumber 2015/19/N/HS6/00685)
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