Grupo Focal de discusión como herramienta para el estudio de las relaciones de género en miembros de una comunidad urbana

This qualitative research with gender perspective aims to illustrate the usefulness of Focus Group Discussion in the study of factors influencing gender relations, based on the conceptions of urban community members. The methodology included focus groups with n=5 women and n=5 men members of the community selected. For the systematization of the data handled Atlas ti 6.2 (Demo) and the stage of reasoning of the testimony was used discourse analysis. The results showed: Gender relations based on the traditional gender represent a risk to physical and mental health of the group being studied. Demonstration of manhood, individuality and promiscuity in the male gender, put them in such risk. In female gender submissiveness may trigger low self-esteem, blaming and mental suffering. Conclusions: This study describes how Focal Group Discussion represented an effective tool during the exercise of community nursing because this kind of technique promoted dialogue and exchange with community members.Objetivo: Esta investigación cualitativa con perspectiva de género tiene como meta mostrar la utilidad del Grupo Focal de discusión en el estudio de los factores que influyen en las relaciones de género partiendo de las concepciones de los miembros de una comunidad urbana.La metodología incluyó la realización de un grupo focal con un total de n=5 mujeres y n=5 hombres, todos pertenecientes a la comunidad seleccionada para el estudio. Para la sistematización de los datos se manejó Atlas ti 6.2 (versión Demo) y en la etapa de razonamiento de los testimonios fue usado análisis del discurso.Los resultados mostraron: Las relaciones de género basadas en el modelo de género tradicional representan un riesgo para la salud física y mental del grupo estudiado. Las demostraciones de hombría, individualidad y promiscuidad en el género masculino ponen su salud en riesgo. En el género femenino la sumisión puede desencadenar baja autoestima, sentimientos de culpa y sufrimiento mental.Conclusiones: Este estudio describe cómo grupo focal de discusión representó una herramienta efectiva durante el ejercicio de la enfermería comunitaria, ya que este tipo de técnica promueve el dialogo y el intercambio con miembros de la comunidad

Construcciones subjetivas sobre la Violencia de Género. Aportes para la prevención del problema.

The recognition of gender violence as a public health problem in the health sector supposes taking steps to address it. Understanding the complexity and variability of the problem, this research aimed to: Track the subjectivities built by women and men about gender violence to promote prevention initiatives that contribute to a better quality of life of women. It is a gender-sensitive research approached from the qualitative method. Techniques for data collection were the direct observation and focus group discussions. The systematization of the data is handled by SSPS and use reasoning and discourse analysis. The results showed: naturalization of the problem, double victimization behaviors consent, patriarchal censorship of women who do not exhibit behavior consistent with the traditional female role and recommendations for the prevention of gender violence.El reconocimiento de la Violencia de Género como un problema de Salud Pública compromete al sector sanitario a tomar medidas para su abordaje. Entendiendo la complejidad y variabilidad del problema la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo: Rastrear las subjetividades construidas por mujeres y hombres sobre la Violencia de Género a fin de promover iniciativas preventivas que contribuyan a elevar la calidad de vida de las mujeres. Es una investigación con enfoque de género abordada desde la modalidad cualitativa, las técnicas para la recolección de datos fueron la observación directa y el grupo focal de discusión. En  la sistematización de los datos se manejó Atlas ti y para el razonamiento se uso análisis del discurso. Los resultados arrojaron: naturalización del problema, doble victimización, consentimiento de conductas patriarcales, censura de las mujeres que no exhiben comportamientos acordes con el rol femenino tradicional y recomendaciones para la prevención de la Violencia de Género

ESTILO DE VIDA EN LA ADOLESCENTE EMBARAZADA. UNA INTERVENCI 3N DESDE LA ENFERMER\ucdA COMUNITARIA.

En este art\uedculo se tuvo la finalidad de explorar el estilo de vida de las adolescentes embarazadas para construir un conocimiento que oriente la intervenci\uf3n de la enfermer\ueda comunitaria dentro del sistema de atenci\uf3n primaria en salud. Desde el punto de vista metodol\uf3gico, el art\uedculo se enmarc\uf3 dentro del paradigma cualitativo, utilizando el enfoque fenomenol\uf3gico de Amadeo Giorgi, y participaron cuatro adolescentes entre 16 y 19 a\uf1os. La entrevista semi-estructurada fue la t\ue9cnica para la recolecci\uf3n de la informaci\uf3n. La lectura y la relectura de las entrevistas fue el paso previo para la discriminaci\uf3n de las unidades de sentido, utilizando la hermen\ue9utica en la interpretaci\uf3n de la informaci\uf3n y el programa computacional Atlas. ti en la organizaci\uf3n de la informaci\uf3n Los resultados m\ue1s significativos mostraron en la mayor\ueda de las adolescentes un reconocimiento sobre la importancia de asumir una conducta saludable posterior a la intervenci\uf3n de la enfermera comunitaria. Las adolescentes embarazadas no expresaron en los relatos intervenciones por parte de la enfermera que incluyeran la importancia del sue\uf1o reparador, el uso del tiempo libre o la recreaci\uf3n, observ\ue1ndose la necesidad de fortalecer la preparaci\uf3n de la enfermera comunitaria. En lo relacionado a los factores perjudiciales para la salud, pudo observarse en una de las adolescentes embarazadas que a\ufan persiste el consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo, a pesar de haber recibido la informaci\uf3n sobre los efectos adversos. Como conclusi\uf3n la falta de conciencia con respecto al consumo de alimentos nutritivos es un elemento que afect\uf3 la alimentaci\uf3n \uf3ptima de las adolescentes embarazadas. Palabras clave: estilo de vida, adolescente embarazada, intervenci\uf3n de enfermer\ueda comunitaria. ABSTRACT This article aimed to explore the lifestyle of pregnant adolescents to build knowledge that guides the intervention of community nursing within the system of primary health care. From the methodological point of view, the article was framed within the qualitative paradigm, using the phenomenological approach of Amadeo Giorgi, and four adolescents between 16 and 19 participated. The semi-structured interview was the technique for collecting data. The reading and re-reading of the interviews was the previous step for the discrimination of the sense units using the hermeneutics in the interpretation of the data, and the computational program Atlas.ti in its organization. After the intervention of the community nurse, the most significant results in the majority of the adolescents showed an acknowledgment about the importance of assuming a healthy behavior. The pregnant adolescents did not express interventions of the nurse in regards of the importance of restful sleep, the use of free time or recreation, which led to the need of strengthen the preparation of the community nurse. Regarding factors detrimental to health, it was observed in one of the pregnant adolescents that alcohol consumption persisted during pregnancy, despite having received information on adverse effects. As a conclusion, the lack of awareness regarding the consumption of nutritious foods is an element that affected the optimal diet of pregnant adolescents. Key words: Lifestyle, Pregnant Adolescent, Community Nursing Intervention. RESUMO O estilo de vida dos seres humanos est\ue1 intimamente relacionado com a esfera comportamental; por conseguinte, esta pesquisa foi destinada a explorar o estilo de vida de adolescentes gr\ue1vidas para construir um conhecimento e orientar a interven\ue7\ue3o de enfermagem comunit\ue1ria, no \ue2mbito do sistema de cuidados prim\ue1rios de sa\ufade, considerando os fatores biol\uf3gicos, f\uedsicos e sociais que influenciam o estilo de vida dos participantes. Do ponto de vista metodol\uf3gico, foi dentro do paradigma qualitativo e foi analisado com uma abordagem fenomenol\uf3gica Amadeo Giorgio. Participaram 04 (quatro) adolescentes entre 16 e 19 anos. A entrevista semi-estruturada foi a t\ue9cnica utilizada para a coleta de informa\ue7\uf5es. Ler e reler as entrevistas para a discrimina\ue7\ue3o das unidades de sensorias utilizando o programa de computador Atlas.ti para a interpreta\ue7\ue3o das informa\ue7\uf5es, o m\ue9todo hermen\ueautico foi usado. Os resultados mais significativos mostraram fatores de vida favor\ue1veis e fatores prejudiciais a sa\ufade, evidenciada pelos adolescentes reconhecendo a import\ue2ncia de ter comportamentos saud\ue1veis, no entanto, prevaleceram comportamentos negativos e m\ue1s condi\ue7\uf5es de vida na dimens\ue3o dieta, atividade f\uedsica, recrea\ue7\ue3o e sono. Nos aspectos pessoais a autoestima das adolescentes gr\ue1vidas impactou diretamente o pr\uf3prio cuidado de sa\ufade; em fam\uedlia a dimens\ue3o de vida da fun\ue7\ue3o emocional e econ\uf4mica influenciou negativamente o estilo de vida dos participantes; sobre a vida escolar dimens\ue3o amea\ue7adora \ue9 fato o abandono de prepara\ue7\ue3o acad\ueamica. Palavras-chave: Estilo de vida, Adolescente gr\ue1vida, Interven\ue7\ue3o Enfermagem Comunit\ue1ria <br

Focus Group discussion as tool to study gender relations in urban community members

Objetivo: Esta investigación cualitativa con perspectiva de género tiene como meta mostrar la utilidad del Grupo Focal de discusión en el estudio de los factores que influyen en las relaciones de género partiendo de las concepciones de los miembros de una comunidad urbana. La metodología incluyó la realización de un grupo focal con un total de n=5 mujeres y n=5 hombres, todos pertenecientes a la comunidad seleccionada para el estudio. Para la sistematización de los datos se manejó Atlas ti 6.2 (versión Demo) y en la etapa de razonamiento de los testimonios fue usado análisis del discurso. Los resultados mostraron: Las relaciones de género basadas en el modelo de género tradicional representan un riesgo para la salud física y mental del grupo estudiado. Las demostraciones de hombría, individualidad y promiscuidad en el género masculino ponen su salud en riesgo. En el género femenino la sumisión puede desencadenar baja autoestima, sentimientos de culpa y sufrimiento mental. Conclusiones: Este estudio describe cómo grupo focal de discusión representó una herramienta efectiva durante el ejercicio de la enfermería comunitaria, ya que este tipo de técnica promueve el dialogo y el intercambio con miembros de la comunidad.Aim: This qualitative research with gender perspective aims to illustrate the usefulness of Focus Group Discussion in the study of factors influencing gender relations, based on the conceptions of urban community members. The methodology included focus groups with n=5 women and n=5 men members of the community selected. For the systematization of the data handled Atlas ti 6.2 (Demo) and the stage of reasoning of the testimony was used discourse analysis. The results showed: Gender relations based on the traditional gender represent a risk to physical and mental health of the group being studied. Demonstration of manhood, individuality and promiscuity in the male gender, put them in such risk. In female gender submissiveness may trigger low self-esteem, blaming and mental suffering. Conclusions: This study describes how Focal Group Discussion represented an effective tool during the exercise of community nursing because this kind of technique promoted dialogue and exchange with community members

Estilo de vida na adolescente grávida. Uma intervenção a partir da enfermagem comunitária

This article aimed to explore the lifestyle of pregnant adolescents to build knowledge that guides the intervention of community nursing within the system of primary health care.&nbsp;&nbsp; From the methodological point of view, the article was framed within the qualitative paradigm, using the phenomenological approach of Amadeo Giorgi, and four adolescents between 16 and 19 participated.&nbsp; The semi-structured interview was the technique for collecting data. The reading and re-reading of the interviews was the previous step for the discrimination of the sense units using the hermeneutics in the interpretation of the data, and the computational program Atlas.ti in its organization. After the intervention of the community nurse, the most significant results in the majority of the adolescents showed an acknowledgment about the importance of assuming a healthy behavior. The pregnant adolescents did not express interventions of the nurse in regards of the importance of restful sleep, the use of free time or recreation, which led to the need of strengthen the preparation of the community nurse. Regarding factors detrimental to health, it was observed in one of the pregnant adolescents that alcohol consumption persisted during pregnancy, despite having received information on adverse effects. As a conclusion, the lack of awareness regarding the consumption of nutritious foods is an element that affected the optimal diet of pregnant adolescents.El objetivo del artículo fue presentar en estudio del estilo de vida de las adolescentes embarazadas para construir un conocimiento que oriente la intervención de la enfermería comunitaria dentro del sistema de atención primaria en salud. Metodológicamente el artículo se enmarcó dentro del paradigma cualitativo, utilizando el enfoque fenomenológico de Amadeo Giorgi, y participaron cuatro adolescentes entre 16 y 19 años. La entrevista semi-estructurada fue la técnica para la recolección de la información. La lectura y la relectura de las entrevistas fue el paso previo para la discriminación de las unidades de sentido, utilizando la hermenéutica en la interpretación de la información y el programa computacional Atlas.ti en la organización de la información Los resultados más significativos mostraron en la mayoría de las adolescentes un reconocimiento sobre la importancia de asumir una conducta saludable posterior a la intervención de la enfermera comunitaria. Las adolescentes embarazadas no expresaron en los relatos intervenciones por parte de la enfermera que incluyeran la importancia del sueño reparador, el uso del tiempo libre o la recreación, observándose la necesidad de fortalecer la preparación de la enfermera comunitaria. En lo relacionado a los factores perjudiciales para la salud, pudo observarse en una de las adolescentes embarazadas que aún persiste el consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo, a pesar de haber recibido la información sobre los efectos adversos. Como conclusión la falta de conciencia con respecto al consumo de alimentos nutritivos es un elemento que afectó la alimentación óptima de las adolescentes embarazadas.O estilo de vida dos seres humanos está intimamente relacionado com a esfera comportamental; por conseguinte, esta pesquisa foi destinada a explorar o estilo de vida de adolescentes grávidas para construir um conhecimento e orientar a intervenção de enfermagem comunitária, no âmbito do sistema de cuidados primários de saúde, considerando os fatores biológicos, físicos e sociais que influenciam o estilo de vida dos participantes. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foi dentro do paradigma qualitativo e foi analisado com uma abordagem fenomenológica Amadeo Giorgio. Participaram 04 (quatro) adolescentes entre 16 e 19 anos. A entrevista semi-estruturada foi a técnica utilizada para a coleta de informações. Ler e reler as entrevistas para a discriminação das unidades de sensorias utilizando o programa de computador Atlas.ti para a interpretação das informações, o método hermenêutico foi usado. Os resultados mais significativos mostraram fatores de vida favoráveis e fatores prejudiciais a saúde, evidenciada pelos adolescentes reconhecendo a importância de ter comportamentos saudáveis, no entanto, prevaleceram comportamentos negativos e más condições de vida na dimensão dieta, atividade física, recreação e sono. Nos aspectos pessoais a autoestima das adolescentes grávidas impactou diretamente o próprio cuidado de saúde; em família a dimensão de vida da função emocional e econômica influenciou negativamente o estilo de vida dos participantes; sobre a vida escolar dimensão ameaçadora é fato o abandono de preparação acadêmic

Prevalencia de los factores de riesgo para la salud, en las familias de la localidad de Puengasi II, Quito

En la actual sociedad los estilos de vida que estamos llevando afectan a la salud pública mundial, entre los factores determinantes que refiere Mac lalonde, podemos mencionar los ambientales en primer lugar, ya que existe una irreflexión del manejo de los desperdicios que ocasionan contaminación ambiental, naturalmente esto trae enfermedades de índole biológico. En lo que respecta a los hábitos individuales sobre todo la alimentación, la inexistencia de conducta de promoción y prevención para la salud y la poca accesibilidad de los servicios de la salud, trae como consecuencia el aumento enfermedades prevenibles y disminuye la esperanza de vida en la población

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)