Limitations to the determination of a Laguerre-Gauss spectrum via projective, phase-flattening measurement

One of the most widely used techniques for measuring the orbital angular momentum components of a light beam is to flatten the spiral phase front of a mode, in order to couple it to a single-mode optical fiber. This method, however, suffers from an efficiency that depends on the orbital angular momentum of the initial mode and on the presence of higher order radial modes. The reason is that once the phase has been flattened, the field retains its ringed intensity pattern and is therefore a nontrivial superposition of purely radial modes, of which only the fundamental one couples to a single mode optical fiber. In this paper, we study the efficiency of this technique both theoretically and experimentally. We find that even for low values of the OAM, a large amount of light can fall outside the fundamental mode of the fiber, and we quantify the losses as functions of the waist of the coupling beam of the orbital angular momentum and radial indices. Our results can be used as a tool to remove the efficiency bias where fair-sampling loopholes are not a concern. However, we hope that our study will encourage the development of better detection methods of the orbital angular momentum content of a beam of light.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

A Qualitative Exploration of Entrepreneurial Learning Among Southern Arizona Small-Scale Farmers and Ranchers

Small-scale farmers and ranchers who participate in local food enterprise are challenged by a number of market uncertainties. These uncertainties include unpredictable consumer purchasing patterns, seasonal production variations, and relatively small customer bases. Moreover, farmers and ranchers turned local food entrepreneurs have limited access to business training and, thus, rely on experience and experimentation to guide their business decision making. This article draws on qualitative data to explore how farmers and ranchers who participate in Southern Arizona farmers\u27 markets develop entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. Recommendations for how Extension educators can enhance the entrepreneurial learning of small-scale farmers and ranchers are provided

Teaching in the Classroom with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Engagement in the United nations Sustainability Goals (SDGs) • As an academy - What are the UN SDGs?- IMSA history with the SDGs- ISSF 2018 • In the classroom - Introduction of UN SDG projects in core classes- Development of a new core course that presents key concepts in real-world context- Integrate UN SDGs into elective courses. • As a faculty - Across disciplines- Sharing work through Digital commons- Student independent research progra

Achieving the WHO/UNAIDS antiretroviral treatment 3 by 5 goal: what will it cost?

The "3 by 5" goal to have 3 million people in low and middle income countries on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by the end of 2005 is ambitious. Estimates of the necessary resources are needed to facilitate resource mobilisation and rapid channelling of funds to where they are required. We estimated the financial costs needed to implement treatment protocols, by use of country-specific estimates for 34 countries that account for 90% of the need for ART in resource-poor settings. We first estimated the number of people needing ART and supporting programmes for each country. We then estimated the cost per patient for each programme by country to derive total costs. We estimate that between US5.1 billion dollars and US5.9 billion dollars will be needed by the end of 2005 to provide ART, support programmes, and cover country-level administrative and logistic costs for 3 by 5

Examining the Entrepreneurial Leadership Propensities of Extension Educators

Innovation and entrepreneurship are integral to the development and vitality of contemporary communities and economies. Accordingly, entrepreneurial leadership is directly relevant to the Extension education mission. Yet research examining the entrepreneurial leadership propensities of Extension educators is scant. We applied a survey design to analyze the entrepreneurial leadership propensities of Extension educators throughout Arizona using two constructs: innovation and entrepreneurial strategy. The data revealed modest levels of entrepreneurial leadership propensities across the sample. Recommendations aimed at enhancing the entrepreneurial leadership propensities of Extension educators are provided

2018 Convocation

Welcome: Katie Berger, Executive Director of Student Affairs Pledge of Allegiance: Srivinay Tummarakota \u2719, Student Council President Opening Remarks: José M. Torres, Ph.D., President Opening Remarks: Robert Hernandez, Ph.D., Principal Featured Musical Selection: Luke Musgrave, Class of 2015 Keynote Address: Kiyomi Hamilton, Class of 2000, General Operations Manager at McMaster-Carr Closing Remarks: Robert Hernandez, Ph.D., Principa

2017 Convocation

Welcome: Katie Berger, Executive Director of Student Affairs Pledge of Allegiance: Rebecca Xun \u2718, Student Council President Opening Remarks: José M. Torres, Ph.D., President Opening Remarks: Robert Hernandez, Ph.D., Principal Featured Musical Selection: Nathan Huxtable, Class of 2014 Keynote Address: Gouthami Rao, Class of 2008, Senior Policy Advisor to the Under Secretary of Education at the U.S. Department of Education Closing Remarks: Robert Hernandez, Ph.D., Principa

2019 Convocation

Welcome: Katie Berger, Executive Director of Student Affairs Pledge of Allegiance: Ray Shang \u2720, Student Council President Opening Remarks: José M. Torres, Ph.D., President Opening Remarks: Robert Hernandez, Ph.D., Principal Featured Musical Selection: Alexandra Plattos Sulack ‘07, Vocalist and Jo Marie Sison ‘97, Violinist Keynote Address: Claudia Flores ‘93 Auditorium Ribbon Cutting: José M. Torres, Ph.D., President Closing Remarks: Robert Hernandez, Ph.D., Principa

Teaching Ag Ed: Is it stressing you out?

According to the American Psychological Association one third of Americans report extreme levels of stress due to their job. Teachers are no exception. While most teachers agree that teaching is rewarding, it can also be challenging. In fact, it is estimated that teachers make more than 400 decisions a day. This is particularly true in agricultural education. In addition to frequent decision making, secondary agriculture teachers work well beyond a 40-hour work week preparing lessons, evaluating student work, coaching career development teams, and supervising student projects. This study sought to describe the level of job stress experienced by Missouri's agriculture teachers, identify the most stressful items of the job, as well as uncover predictors of that stress