Effect of personality type on internet anxiety in Kerman Dental School students (2015-2016)

Introduction and objective: in recent years internet has turned to be one of the most popular global medias due to its unique qualities such as easy accessibility, utilization convenience, users’ obscurity and low cost. This study targets at examining the personality types’ effects on internet anxiety in students of dental faculty in Medical University of Kerman.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 235 dental students who were selected through census sampling method. Data collecting tools consisted of standard internet anxiety questionnaire (including 20 items), personality type’s questionnaire (including 25 items), demographic characteristics (age, sex, entrance year) and also eight related questions via internet. The collected data were entered the computer and analyzed via SPSS statistics software version 18 and linear regression statistics test and t at the significance level of 5%.Findings: From 235 participant students in this study 141 (66.0 %) were females and the rest were males and the average of their age was 23.85 ± 5.36. the mean score of internet anxiety was 54.01 ± 8.39. According to anxiety intensity, 57 (24.3%) persons were in normal range, 176 persons (74.9%) were in mild anxiety range and 2 persons (0.8%) had sever anxiety levels. There were a significant correlation between the mean score of internet anxiety and year of education and hours spent using internet (p=0.028, p=0.017). There was significant correlation between personality type and internet anxiety as well (p= 0.016).Conclusion: Based on this study internet anxiety was lower than moderate in dental school students and type A students who have characteristics like fast and quick, nervous and hottempered, biased life style, anxious, impatient and being competitive had more anxiety.Keywords: internet, dental student, Kerman, Personality type, anxiet

Correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay in children aged 4-60 months

Background: The future development of children is considered more than ever now due to the advances in medical knowledge and thus the increase in survival rates of high-risk infants. This study investigated the correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay in children aged 4- 60 months.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 401 mothers and their children (460 months) who visited health service centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2011. Sampling was carried out in several stages, and the Ages and Stage Questionnaire was completed by the participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 software and independent t-test; Mann-Whitney and logistic-regression tests were used.Results: The average age of children in the low-risk pregnancy group was 22916 months, and that in the highrisk pregnancy group was 18.9914.8 months. The majority of children were female (53.1%). The prevalence ofhigh-risk pregnancies was 80.5%, and the prevalence of developmental delay was 18.7%. Multiple pregnancies, low birth weight, habitual abortions, maternal medical disorders in pregnancy, and gestational diabetes had significant correlations with developmental delay in children (PB0.04). In the logistic model, male gender, low birth weight, family marriage, and maternal medical disorders during pregnancy showed significant correlations with developmental delay in children (PB0.05). Additionally, abnormal body mass index (BMI) and social and economic status showed probability values close to the significance level (P0.05), whereas other high-risk pregnancy variables had no correlation with developmental delay in children. A correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay (P0.002) and fine motor delay was observed (P 0.02), but no correlation was observed between high-risk pregnancy and other developmental domains.Conclusion: This study showed that some high-risk pregnancy variables had a significant correlation with developmental delay. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between high-risk pregnancy and fine motor developmental delay.Keywords: high-risk pregnancy; development delay; Ages and Stages Questionnair

Effects of salinity on potassium absorption and expression of K+transporter genes at different concentrations of potassium in Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Grapevine is classified as a moderately sensitive plant to salinity. Hydroponically three grape genotypes (Vitis vinifera L.) were treated with different concentrations of KCl (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mM KCl) and NaCl (0, 25, 50,100 mM NaCl). Cl- and Na+ contents were significantly increased in different plant organs of all the genotypes under salinity. In this study, sensitive ('GhezelUzum'), tolerant ('Gharashani') and semi-resistant ('Chawga') grape genotypes were selected based on screening experiments under salinity. 'Gharashani' accumulated higher Na+ and Cl- in roots compared to the sensitive one. 'Chawga' accumulated high K+ similar to Na+ in root and shoot even at high salinity. Km calculation for K+ and Na+ uptake in root and shoot of 'Chawga' showed that K+ and Na+ compete to enter the plant through roots. Two KUP/KT/HAK-type potassium transporters are expressed highly in the grapevine during stress. VvK1.1 could play a major role in K+ loading into grape tissues. The expression of VvKUP1 and VvKUP2 transporters and VvK1.1 channel in roots of 'Chawga' genotype increased significantly (P < 0.05) at different KCl concentrations under salinity stress. Our results showed a significant difference between tolerant and sensitive genotypes and highlighted a strong relationship between the accumulation of specific transcripts and the degree of salinity tolerance

Marriage postponement and fertility decline in Iran: accounting for socio-economic and cultural changes in time and space

This thesis examines the patterns and determinants of the marriage postponement and fertility decline experienced by Iranian women during the last two decades of the twentieth century. The thesis accounts for temporal changes in the socio-economic context of marriage and childbearing (e.g. improvement in education, urbanisation, economic fluctuations, etc.) and examines the marriage timing and fertility patterns of the cohorts of women who contributed to the recent marriage and fertility changes in order to provide more insight into the demographic behaviour of women with specific life course experiences. A topic of specific interest is the variation between the ethnic groups in Iran. The findings suggest that the recent marriage postponement was related to improvements in women's education and restrictions in the availability of suitable spouses (marriage market), with the former being the only factor contributing to the marriage delay of consecutive (1971-75 and 1976-80) birth cohorts. The recent decline in the probability of second and third conceptions was related to improvements in women's educational level, reductions in child mortality, and improvements in children's enrolment in education. The contribution of son preference to the probability of conception of a second child and the specific impact of urbanisation and industrialisation on the recent marriage and fertility changes were also notable. Different socio-economic factors were found responsible for the decline in the probability of a second conception across consecutive cohorts. of women (those who became exposed to the risk of childbearing in 1986-90 and 1991-95), whereas cohort differences in the probability of a third conception was not generally related to socio-economic forces, probably reflecting a common preference for stopping at two children. The findings also highlight the role of cultural factors associated with ethnicity in shaping differential patterns of marriage timing and suggest that ethnic differences in fertility are strongly related to ethnic differences in socio-economic attributes

Study of the relationship between Educational- Research Environment and Research Interest in students

Introduction: Research means trying to obtain realities and in this regards, educational research environment refers to facilities and educational factors to create scientific- research motivation in person. Research in medical science universities is important because it is used to identifying and resolving educational, research, health problems and eliminating health- related problems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between educational- research environment and research interest in graduated students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross- sectional descriptive- analytic study carried out on 101 graduate students through census sampling. Demographic data, students' perceptions of the educational- research environment and interest in the research were collected by a three- part questionnaire including 49 questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t- test, Tukey test and ANOVA) through SPSS. Results: results show that there is a significant positive correlation between educational- research environment and interest to the research (r= 0.40, p≤0.03). There is also a significant negative correlation between age and interest in the research (P≤0.001, r =-0.38). A significant difference was found between the educational environment and the college of education (P= 0.006). Conclusion: There was a positive and significant correlation between educational- research environment and research interest in Masters' students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. So deputies of education as well as research and technology should considered the result of this research and by doing proper intervention try to promote the level of educational- research services of students

Classical and delayed orthostatic hypotension in patients with unexplained syncope and severe orthostatic intolerance

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a major sign of cardiovascular autonomic failure leading to orthostatic intolerance and syncope. Orthostatic hypotension is traditionally divided into classical OH (cOH) and delayed OH (dOH), but the differences between the two variants are not well-studied. We performed a systematic clinical and neuroendocrine characterization of OH patients in a tertiary syncope unit. Methods: Among 2,167 consecutive patients (1,316 women, 60.7%; age, 52.6 ± 21.0 years) evaluated for unexplained syncope and severe orthostatic intolerance with standardized cardiovascular autonomic tests including head-up tilt (HUT), we identified those with a definitive diagnosis of cOH and dOH. We analyzed patients' history, clinical characteristics, hemodynamic variables, and plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, C-terminal-pro-arginine-vasopressin (CT-proAVP), C-terminal-endothelin-1, mid-regional-fragment of pro-atrial-natriuretic-peptide and pro-adrenomedullin in the supine position and at 3-min HUT. Results: We identified 248 cOH and 336 dOH patients (27% of the entire cohort); 111 cOH and 152 dOH had blood samples collected in the supine position and at 3-min HUT. Compared with dOH, cOH patients were older (68 vs. 60 years, p < 0.001), more often male (56.9 vs. 39.6%, p < 0.001), had higher systolic blood pressure (141 vs. 137 mmHg, p = 0.05), had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (73 vs. 80 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.003), more often pathologic Valsalva maneuver (86 vs. 49 patients, p < 0.001), pacemaker-treated arrhythmia (5 vs. 2%, p = 0.04), Parkinson's disease (5 vs. 1%, p = 0.008) and reported less palpitations before syncope (16 vs. 29%, p = 0.001). Supine and standing levels of CT-proAVP were higher in cOH (p = 0.022 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas standing norepinephrine was higher in dOH (p = 0.001). After 3-min HUT, increases in epinephrine (p < 0.001) and CT-proAVP (p = 0.001) were greater in cOH, whereas norepinephrine increased more in dOH (p = 0.045). Conclusions: One-quarter of patients with unexplained syncope and severe orthostatic intolerance present orthostatic hypotension. Classical OH patients are older, more often have supine hypertension, pathologic Valsalva maneuver, Parkinson's disease, pacemaker-treated arrhythmia, and lower glomerular filtration rate. Classical OH is associated with increased vasopressin and epinephrine during HUT, but blunted increase in norepinephrine

Fracture Assessment of Blunt V-Notched Graphite Specimens by Means of the Strain Energy Density

The main aim of the present work is to check the suitability of the brittle fracture model, namely the local strain energy density (SED), in predicting the experimental results on mode I fracture of blunt V-notched graphite components. For this purpose, a wide range of test results reported in the recent literature on brittle fracture of V-notched test specimens characterized by different geometries is considered. The specimens are made of the same type of coarsegrained polycrystalline graphite. The fracture assessment is carried out predicting theoretically the fracture loads by means of the SED criterion. The SED parameter is evaluated by averaging the local energy over a well-defined control volume which embraces the notch edge. It is found that the SED criterion allows assessing the fracture behavior of graphite specimens characterized by different notch angles and tip radii.Проводится контроль пригодности модели хрупкого разрушения, а именно: локальной плотности энергии деформации, при прогнозировании результатов экспериментальных исследований по разрушению нормальным отрывом графитовых образцов с тупым V-образным надрезом. Рассмотрены результаты испытаний на хрупкое разрушение образцов с V-образным надрезом с разной геометрией, представленные в литературных источниках. Образцы изготовляли из однотипного крупнозернистого поликристаллического графита. Оценку разрушения проводили посредством теоретического прогнозирования разрушающей нагрузки с помощью критерия плотности энергии деформации. Параметр плотности энергии деформации вычислен путем усреднения значения локальной энергии по определенному контрольному объему, который охватывает кромку надреза. Обнаружено, что данный критерий позволяет оценивать поведение графитовых образцов с разными углами надреза и радиусами у его вершины при разрушении.Проводиться контроль придатності моделі крихкого руйнування, а саме: локальної густини енергії деформації, при прогнозуванні результатів експериментальних досліджень щодо руйнування нормальним відривом графітових зразків із тупим V-подібним надрізом. Розглянуто результати випробувань на крихке руйнування зразків із V-подібним надрізом із різною геометрією, відомі з літературних джерел. Зразки виготовляли з однотипного крупнозернистого полікристалічного графіту. При оцінці руйнування використовували теоретичне прогнозування руйнівного навантаження за допомогою критерію густини енергії деформації. Параметр густини енергії деформації обчислено шляхом усереднення значення локальної енергії за визначеним контрольним об’ємом, що охоплює кромку надрізу. Установлено, що даний критерій дозволяє оцінити поведінку графітових зразків із різними кутами надрізу і радіусами у його вершині при руйнуванні