Frecuencia de desórdenes mentales en adultos mayores residentes en una institución de asistencia social en la Ciudad de México

Resumen: Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha informado que en los adultos mayores se incrementará y agravará la magnitud de los problemas de salud mental, lo que estará relacionado al incremento de su expectativa de vida y al aumento de las personas que alcanzarán edades avanzadas. Objetivos: Identificar y estimar la frecuencia de desórdenes mentales en adultos mayores. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluía variables sociodemográficas y la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional (M.I.N.I.). Población de estudio de 60 años y más, residentes en una Institución de Asistencia Social de la Ciudad de México. La muestra se seleccionó aleatoria y sistemáticamente, eligiendo una de cada cuatro. Participó personal previamente capacitado tanto en la metodología como en los procedimientos y aplicación del instrumento. Resultados: De la población de estudio, se obtuvo una muestra ponderada de 80 entrevistas completas (67%). En su mayoría fueron femeninos y viudas, con una media de edad de 80 años y 5 de escolaridad. Encontramos ausencia en el 30%; en un 40% sólo se reportó sintomatología y en el 30% restante se cubrieron diagnósticos psiquiátricos. Conclusiones: La salud mental y los desórdenes psiquiátricos han sido escasamente conocidos y estudiados en esta población. La entrevista MINI permitió identificar y estimar la frecuencia de síntomas y diagnósticos de desórdenes mentales. Nuestra estimación (30%) fue similar a la reportada en otro estudio (29.7%). La prevención, identificación, detección e intervención oportuna a los problemas de salud mental adquieren gran importancia en este contexto. Palabras clabe: Adultos mayores. Envejecimiento. Vejez. Desórdenes mentales. Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional. Abstract: Background: World Health Organization has reported that in old adults population will increase and aggravate the magnitude of mental health problems, which will be linked to the increase in his life expectancy and with the rise of individuals who reach old age. Objectives: identify and estimate the frequency of mental disorders in elderly people. Materials and Methods: Study observational, descriptive and transversal. It applies a questionnaire, which included socio-demographic variables and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Study population of persons aged 60 and over living in an Institution of Social Assistance in Mexico City, here were selected a systematic random sample, choosing one in four adults. The interviews were available staff previously trained in the handling of the methodology, procedures and application of the instrument Results: Out of a population study, resulting in a weighted sample of 80 completed interviews (67%). The main percentages were females and widower, with a mean age of 80 years and 5 of schooling. We find absence in the 30%, only 40% reported symptoms and the remaining 30% were filled psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions: Mental health and psychiatric disorders has been scantily known and studied until this moment. The interview M.I.N.I. allowed us to identify and estimate their frequency of symptoms and diagnostics mental disorders. The frequency diagnostic of mental disorders found in our research (30%) is very similar to that obtained in another study (29.7%). In this context, the prevention, detection and opportune intervention for mental health problems are remarkable. Keywords: Elderly. Aging. Oldness. Mental disorders. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview

Contributions of the quantitative and qualitative research to the Psychogerontology

The objective is the reflection in relation to the contributions obtained in the development of two research lines, both with a psychosocial approach inside of the psychogerontology discipline. In the first study “Life and mental health conditions in older adults” were utilized a quantitative strategy; the instrument of investigation was structured. The second study denominated “Construction of the old age notion in the elder” was developing with a qualitative methodology utilized for this purpose, open interviews

La ciudad de las mujeres

Blog del proyecto: http://ciudaddelasmujeres.blogspot.comEl trabajo obtuvo un Premio Tomás García Verdejo a las buenas prácticas educativas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura para el curso 2017/2018. Modalidad BSe presenta un proyecto llevado a cabo durante el curso académico 2017/2018 en el IES Albalat (Navalmoral de la Mata, Cáceres) que pretendía la promoción de la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres mediante su integración en la enseñanza. Las actividades llevadas a cabo tenían los siguientes objetivos específicos: promover la educación inclusiva, profundizar en la educación en valores democráticos y de convivencia ciudadana que contribuyan a la implicación social del alumnado, propiciar el desarrollo de pedagogías activas como la enseñanza interdisciplinar y los métodos colaborativos que favorezcan a la reflexión docente y la coordinación pedagógica, fomentar estrategias metodológicas que permitan el uso de competencia clave mediante la interrelación de ámbitos del conocimiento y hacer reflexionar a la comunidad educativa sobre la necesidad de dar visibilidad a las mujeresExtremaduraES

vertebrate scavenging communities

A scavenger is an animal that feeds on the carcass or remains of any dead animal which it did not participate in its killing. Scavenging is pervasive across the animal kingdom and almost all predator species use carrion to a certain extent in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. There is a group of animals, the obligate scavengers, which rely (almost) entirely on carrion. Among vertebrates, only birds have evolved into obligate scavengers, namely vultures, which suggests that the costs of adaptation to obligate scavenging are high. Obligate and facultative scavengers exhibit a wide array of adaptations to locate and exploit carrion across systems, including inexpensive locomotion to find the unpredictable carrion on savannas, caching carrion in cold tundra or chemotaxis in aquatic systems. Traditionally viewed as an opportunistic process, particularly for facultative scavengers, carrion consumption by vertebrates often follows complex and structured patterns and is crucial in maintaining the stability and structure of food webs.Peer reviewe

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective