Proposed Testing Quality Of Silicon Nitride In Nuclear Application By Ceramography

The components in nuclear  application should ensure the safety during operation. Testing and investigation should be performed to ensure the quality of every component. This report propose ceramography technique for testing of silicon nitride in nuclear application. Ceramic material is known brittle therefore not possible to hold by using vice as usual used in metal during cutting. Since ceramic is very hard, the cost for cutting, grinding and polishing required high cost due to utilization of diamond. Special techniques should be employed during observation bay using optical microscope because ceramic are not reflect the light. Ceramic is mainly known since their high chemical resistance therefore difficult to etching by using chemical solution. A unique respond of ceramic due to indentation make the indentation technique become part of ceramography. Indentation process requires a flat sample in order valid result to be obtained, and this can be achieved by special technique during grinding and polishing. This research introduce of ceramography process that was successfully done on Si3N4, from preparation of the specimen, microstructure observation, the respond on indentation, strength, and porosity investigation   The results showed that the fluorescent dye penetrant under ultra violet source of light the defect in Si3N4 was easily observed therefore is suitable to be proposed as a technique for testing the quality of silicon nitride component in nuclear application.[P1]  [P1]The revised sentence and adde

Current Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are frequently found. Although they are often palpable, many are found incidentally during unrelated radiographic studies. Ten to 15% of thyroid nodules represents thyroid malignancy. Clinician suc as an internist/endocrinologist have to  classify the nodule, stratify the risk of thyroid cancer, performed a diagnostic work-up, provide medical / non-surgical therapy, select candidates for surgery and provide appropriate follow-up that should last a lifetime. This article provide an up-date review of diagnostic approach and management of thyroid nodules, focusing on current algorithm in lights of the most recent published American Thyroid Association thyroid nodule and differentiated thyroid cancer management guidelines

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Predicting the Severity of Secondary Brain Injury: A Review Article

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability, which affects millions of people globally with a significant economic burden. The inflammatory reactions and immune system activity play a significant role in the severity development of secondary brain injury (SBI) after a TBI event. Neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes are involved in these inflammatory reactions and have potential in reflecting the severity level of SBI that occurred post-TBI. Some recent studies have shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used as a potential biomarker for determining the severity of an inflammatory reaction, including SBIs in post-TBI. However, the results of NLR and PLR in TBI patients in daily medical practice are still not fully utilized. This review summarizes the neutrophil’s, platelet’s, and lymphocyte’s role in SBI, also the NLR and PLR potential as a marker of the severity of the SBI process in TBI cases

THE VALUES OF BATANG HARING AS LOCAL WISDOM IN BUILD ING THE SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF TOURISM DESTINATION IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

As a regional tourism destination in Indonesia, Central Kalimantan has cultural richness from its sub-ethnics of Dayak (indigenous people in Kalimantan) that can be used to develop its tourism products. Therefore, through an ethnographic approach using triangulation data collection techniques, this study explored, illustrated and comprehended in-depth the culture of Central Kalimantan specifically local wisdom values. Batang Haring as a local wisdom of Dayak in Kalimantan, particularly Central Kalimantan, has culture value that is the balanced and harmonious relationship among three-dimensional: human, God, and nature implemented through rites of Kaharingan (traditional belief of Dayak). The uniqueness in implementing the values become a "spirit" that is able to “awaken” and more "revive" Central Kalimantan, specifically in tourism sector. The strongly formed "spirit" will be a basic strength of differentiation strategy to create different, unique and unimitate products as a factor of competitive advantage in its tourism products. Utilization of these values can be done through cultural practices, Dayak-Kaharingan rite activities, and the use of cultural symbols in its development. However, it needs to be applied consistently in everyday life and supported through the hospitality of its people who live spiritually and continue to uphold their culture and arts that will form a strong "spirit" and hard to find elsewhere. Thus, the tourism sector can be sustainable and will impact on strengthen economic activity, as well as improve the living standard of its community as host

EFFECT OF FEEDING WITH HERB OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA TO BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF THE COCOON FIBER OF WILD SILK MOTH ATTACUS ATLAS FOR FUTURE APPLICATION AS BIOCOMPATIBLE OF SILK SUTURES

Objectives: Silk is biocompatible as biomaterial and has been used commercially as sutures. More interesting properties of the silk are that the mechanical properties exceed all natural polymer and synthetic materials. In this research, a type of silk suture is being developed from species of Attacus atlas to obtain better biocompatible sutures. A. atlas is a species of silk moth that consume not only single types of leaves. The Quality of cocoon fiber then can be arranged base on the types of the leaves that is consumed. Better biocompatibility sutures comparing with recent commercial silk sutures which is not biocompatible, can be achieved by feeding with variety types of leaves. Silk suture that already established in the market is a base product of Bombyx mori species of silk which is only consume one type of leaf (mulberry leaves).Methods: In this research, the A. atlas cocoon was produced by feeding with herb Erythrina variegate. The microstructure was observed, element composition as well as biocompatibles properties was investigated.Results: A high composition of kalium (K) as well as chloride (Cl) is identified in the fiber. The released fiber from cocoon also indicates high biocompatibility that is promising as biocompatible suture.Conclusion: The biocompatible fiber for future application as sutures is possible to be prepared by feeding the wild silkworm of A. atlas with leaf of E. variegate. The fiber is found rich with kalium (K) as well as chloride (Cl) with irregular shape of crystal at the surface of the fiber

COMPARISON TENSILE STRENGTH OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ABSORBABLE SUTURES

Objective: The aim of the investigation is to evaluate and to compare the tensile strength of commercial natural and synthetic absorbable suturematerials currently used in surgery. The natural absorbable sutures of chromic catgut are prepared for this purpose as well as commercial syntheticabsorbable sutures made from polyglycolide.Methods: The analysis has been carried out following the standard test method for tensile strength and Young’s modulus of fiber ASTM C1557-03.Measuring the diameter of each suture has been carried out with an optical microscope to determine the accuracy of manufacturers’ data. Tensiletesting has been performed to evaluate the tensile strength of each type of sutures. The modulus elasticity and strain (ϵ) obtained are also presented.Results: The results show that sutures made from braided synthetic material of polyglycolide (violet coated) present a tensile strength remarkablysuperior (1070.292 MPa) to that of natural absorbable sutures of chromic catgut (392.276 MPa). Using optical macro microscope analysis,monofilament sutures present less surface irregularities than multifilament polyglycolide sutures. Chromic catgut monofilament sutures present lesssurface irregularities than multifilament polyglycolide.Conclusion: Tensile test of absorbable sutures was conducted in this research. Two types of absorbable sutures were investigated and compared. It isfound that sutures made from braided synthetic material of polyglycolide (violet coated) having much better tensile strength comparing with suturesmade from natural material (chromic catgut monofilament)

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM KREDIT SEMESTER PADA PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA DI SMAN BALI MANDARA

Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan implementasi Sistem Kredit Semester (SKS) dan hasil belajar kognitif kimia siswa di SMAN Bali Mandara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah wakil kepala sekolah urusan kurikulum, guru kimia, guru BK, pembimbing akademik (PA), dan peserta didik. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen, observasi, dan wawancara. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Siswa baru SMAN Bali Mandara kurang memahami program SKS karena tidak adanya sosialisasi khusus. (2) SMAN Bali Mandara belum sepenuhnya memfasilitasi minat siswa, terbukti dengan tidak adanya kelas peminatan bahasa. (3) Proses pembelajaran di SMAN Bali Mandara belum efektif karena kurangnya ketersediaan ruang kelas. (4) Peran PA di SMAN Bali Mandara merangkap menjadi orang tua asuh (mata pita) karena sekolah asrama (5) Guru tetap mengajar walaupun rombongan belajar kurang dari standar minimum dan jam mengajar tidak diakui oleh pemerintah karena guru memiliki dedikasi tinggi dalam memfasilitasi kemampuan belajar siswa. (6) Hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada mata pelajaran kimia pada semester I dan II belum seluruhnya memenuhi KKM. (7) Siswa yang memiliki nilai akhir pelajaran tidak memenuhi KKM diwajibkan mengikuti semester pendek untuk meremidiasi pencapaian kompetensi-kompetensi dasar yang belum mencapai KKM. Dengan demikian, implementasi SKS di SMAN Bali Mandara belum berlangsung secara optimal dan hasil belajar kimia siswa belum seluruhnya mencapai KK

ON INVESTIGATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF COMMERCIAL SYNTHETIC NON-ABSORBABLE SUTURE MADE FROM OF BLUE POLYPROPYLENE MONOFILAMENT

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the tensile strength of commercial synthetic non-absorbable suture made from blue polypropylene monofilament that commonly used in surgery.Methods: The commercial synthetic non-absorbable made from blue polypropylene monofilament was prepared for this purpose. The ASTM C1557-03 was used as a standard the method for analysis. For accuracy of the measurement, the diameter of the sutures was measured using optical microscope. The tensile strength, strain at failure, and modulus elasticity of the sutures were measured following instruction from the standard test method. The graph strain versus stress was provided.Results: Results show that that the average tensile strength of five valid tested samples is about 875.812 MPa. The average strain is found about 0.282. The average of modulus of elasticity is 4026.069 MPa.Conclusion: It is concluded that the sutures of commercial synthetic non-absorbable suture made from blue polypropylene monofilament having linier elastic as well as plastic properties. The average tensile strength of five valid tested samples is about 875.812 MPa. The average strain at failure is found about 0.282. The average of modulus of elasticity is 4026.069 MPa