A Heuristic Neural Network Structure Relying on Fuzzy Logic for Images Scoring

Traditional deep learning methods are sub-optimal in classifying ambiguity features, which often arise in noisy and hard to predict categories, especially, to distinguish semantic scoring. Semantic scoring, depending on semantic logic to implement evaluation, inevitably contains fuzzy description and misses some concepts, for example, the ambiguous relationship between normal and probably normal always presents unclear boundaries (normal − more likely normal - probably normal). Thus, human error is common when annotating images. Differing from existing methods that focus on modifying kernel structure of neural networks, this study proposes a dominant fuzzy fully connected layer (FFCL) for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scoring and validates the universality of this proposed structure. This proposed model aims to develop complementary properties of scoring for semantic paradigms, while constructing fuzzy rules based on analyzing human thought patterns, and to particularly reduce the influence of semantic conglutination. Specifically, this semantic-sensitive defuzzier layer projects features occupied by relative categories into semantic space, and a fuzzy decoder modifies probabilities of the last output layer referring to the global trend. Moreover, the ambiguous semantic space between two relative categories shrinks during the learning phases, as the positive and negative growth trends of one category appearing among its relatives were considered. We first used the Euclidean Distance (ED) to zoom in the distance between the real scores and the predicted scores, and then employed two sample t test method to evidence the advantage of the FFCL architecture. Extensive experimental results performed on the CBIS-DDSM dataset show that our FFCL structure can achieve superior performances for both triple and multiclass classification in BI-RADS scoring, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods

A study of the fire smoke propagation in subway station under the effect of piston wind

A running traffic train induces piston wind in the subway. The influence of piston wind on fire smoke propagation in subway is investigated numerically. The flow field structure in fire platform, temperature contours and velocity profiles at certain positions are obtained at various scenarios respectively. Three methods are adopted to reduce the impact of piston wind on smoke layers. Results show that large-scale vortexes and tremendous horizontal inertial force would be produced under the influence of piston wind; and that smoke stratification would be broken totally under its influence, therefore toxic gas would spread to subway hall through stairs. So the former smoke management system in a subway station becomes less effective. Results also show that combination of enhanced the volume flux of pressurization at the subway hall and lowering the height of smoke screens around stairs are necessary to restrict hazard smoke on the floor on fire. The bypass wind tunnel and ventilation shaft are useful to attenuate the magnitude of piston wind

Poly[bis­[μ-1,4-bis­(1H-imidazol-5-yl)benzene-κ2 N 3:N 3′]diformatomanganese(II)]

In the title compound, [Mn(CHO2)2(C12H10N4)2]n, the MnII atom and the benzene ring of the ligand lie on an inversion centers. The MnII atom has an octa­hedral coordination environment composed of four N atoms from two different symmetry-related N-heterocyclic ligands forming the basal plane, and two O atoms from symmetry-related formate anions occupying the apical positions. The title compound forms a two-dimensional (4,4) net parallel to (100) with all the MnII atoms lying on a plane. The crystal structure is consolidated by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Clinicopathological analysis of DLBCL/HGBL with MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 gene rearrangement

Background and purpose: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high-grade B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL/HGBL) with gene rearrangement of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6, also known as triple-hit lymphoma (THL), has a low incidence and relevant literature is limited. Thus comprehensive and sufficient understanding is lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features and prognosis of this rare disease. Methods: Ten cases of THL diagnosed in Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from June 2016 to December 2021 were collected. Clinical features were analyzed retrospectively. Histopathological features were observed using H-E stain. Immunophenotype was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The rearrangement of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 genes was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was detected by in situ hybridization using EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Results: Of the 10 cases, 4 cases were male and 6 cases were female. The median age was 54 years (43-80 years). Two cases occurred in lymph nodes, 6 cases involved extranodal organs, and both lymph nodes and extranodal organs were involved in the other 2 cases. There were 4 cases (40%) with clinical stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ disease and 6 cases (60%) with clinical stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ disease. 40% (4/10) patients had international prognostic index (IPI) score ≥3. 50% (4/8) patients had bone marrow invasion. Two (20%) cases had B symptoms. 40% (4/10) patients had a history of hepatitis B virus infection. Five cases had the morphology of DLBCL, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS); Two cases showed morphological features intermediate both DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma; One case had a blastoid cytomorphology, and the other 2 cases failed to be classified accurately because of serious crushing artifacts of the tissue. Immunophenotypically, 80% of the cases were of germinal center B-cell (GCB) type and 20% were of non-GCB type. MYC/BCL2 double expression accounted for 78% (7/9), BCL6 positivity was found in 80% of the total cases, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was ≥80% in all cases. FISH showed that all 10 cases had MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 gene translocation rearrangement. EBV infection was consistently absent. All except one case received systemic treatment. The overall survival was 2.0-55.5 months (median, 16.8 months), and 1-year overall survival rate was 68.6%. The 1-year overall survival rates of patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ disease and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ disease were 100% and 25% respectively. Conclusion: THL mainly affects middle-aged and elderly patients, which occured more frequently in extranodal organs, and it is characterized by GCB immunophenotype and MYC/BCL2 double expression. A considerable number of patients have a clinical stage of Ⅰ/Ⅱ disease and a better prognosis in the current series, indicating that early identification of THL is of great importance for timely intervention and improving the prognosis