Effect of health on economic growth: A panel data study of developed and developing countries

In this paper, we investigate the effect of health, such as fertility rate, total (birth per woman), life expectancy at birth, total (years) and mortality rate, under-5(per 1000 live birth), as well as capital stock on the economic growth of 16 developed countries and 14 developing countries using Panel Unit Root and Panel Data Model for the period 1990-2010. In this investigation we have found that capital stock and life expectancy have a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in both groups of countries. Mortality rate has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in both groups of countries. On the other hand fertility rate has a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in developed countries while it has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in developing countries. Also the study results show that the fixed effects approach is more appropriate

Effect of health on economic growth: A panel data study of developed and developing countries

In this paper, we investigate the effect of health, such as fertility rate, total (birth per woman), life expectancy at birth, total (years) and mortality rate, under-5(per 1000 live birth), as well as capital stock on the economic growth of 16 developed countries and 14 developing countries using Panel Unit Root and Panel Data Model for the period 1990-2010. In this investigation we have found that capital stock and life expectancy have a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in both groups of countries. Mortality rate has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in both groups of countries. On the other hand fertility rate has a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in developed countries while it has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in developing countries. Also the study results show that the fixed effects approach is more appropriate

Effect of health on economic growth: A panel data study of developed and developing countries

In this paper, we investigate the effect of health, such as fertility rate, total (birth per woman), life expectancy at birth, total (years) and mortality rate, under-5(per 1000 live birth), as well as capital stock on the economic growth of 16 developed countries and 14 developing countries using Panel Unit Root and Panel Data Model for the period 1990-2010. In this investigation we have found that capital stock and life expectancy have a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in both groups of countries. Mortality rate has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in both groups of countries. On the other hand fertility rate has a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in developed countries while it has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in developing countries. Also the study results show that the fixed effects approach is more appropriate

Detection of extragalactic Ultra-Compact Dwarfs and Globular Clusters using Explainable AI techniques

Compact stellar systems such as Ultra-compact dwarfs (UCDs) and Globular Clusters (GCs) around galaxies are known to be the tracers of the merger events that have been forming these galaxies. Therefore, identifying such systems allows to study galaxies mass assembly, formation and evolution. However, in the lack of spectroscopic information detecting UCDs/GCs using imaging data is very uncertain. Here, we aim to train a machine learning model to separate these objects from the foreground stars and background galaxies using the multi-wavelength imaging data of the Fornax galaxy cluster in 6 filters, namely u, g, r, i, J and Ks. The classes of objects are highly imbalanced which is problematic for many automatic classification techniques. Hence, we employ Synthetic Minority Over-sampling to handle the imbalance of the training data. Then, we compare two classifiers, namely Localized Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization (LGMLVQ) and Random Forest (RF). Both methods are able to identify UCDs/GCs with a precision and a recall of >93% and provide relevances that reflect the importance of each feature dimension for the classification. Both methods detect angular sizes as important markers for this classification problem. While it is astronomical expectation that color indices of u−i and i−Ks are the most important colors, our analysis shows that colors such as g−r are more informative, potentially because of higher signal-to-noise ratio. Besides the excellent performance the LGMLVQ method allows further interpretability by providing the feature importance for each individual class, class-wise representative samples and the possibility for non-linear visualization of the data as demonstrated in this contribution. We conclude that employing machine learning techniques to identify UCDs/GCs can lead to promising results. Especially transparent methods allow further investigation and analysis of importance of the measurements for the detection problem and provide tools for non-linear visualization of the data

The Survey on the Effects of Exchange Rate Unification Policy on Marco- Economic Variables

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of exchange rate unification on macroeconomic variables (inflation, unemployment and output) by applying a Vector Autoregression model to Iran’s economy. Variables are GDP, Price level, Unemployment and exchange rate and data belongs to the priod 1961-2001. We can Summerize the results of this research as follows: 1)  Official exchange rate is significantly correlated with consumer price index, so that exchange rate shocks resulting from Unification positively affects price level within three periods. 2)  Official exchange rate is not significantly correlated with the real GDP. 3)  Official exchange rate is not significantly correlated with the unemployment rate

Economic Policy Making of Development Plans in the Framework of an Optimal Control Model

In this paper, we designed the optimal trajectory of state and control variables of the Iran's economy. The scope of our research has been the second, the third and the forth economic Five-Year Development Plans. First, we have determined the optimal values of the variables using our previously designed macroeconomic model in the context of Optimal Control Theory. The primary results indicate the fact that some of planned targets of the values of economic variables are in contradiction to each other, so they are not accessible. Then, we introduced different scenarios to analyze the sensitivity of the targets to the values of policy variables. One of the most important scenarios for supplying money in the Iran's economy is choosing a constant growth rate by a prudent policy decision

Flexure strength of metal mesh reinforced ceramic matrix composite fabricated using plasma spray method

Structural materials with higher temperature capability and mechanical integrity are sought after in gas turbine industry as the turbine inlet temperature continues to rise. While many ceramic materials are microstructurally stable at high temperatures, they exhibit poor mechanical properties under loads. In this study, Hastelloy X (HX) mesh is used as a reinforcement to strengthen 7YSZ ceramic material and improve the damage tolerance. A low cost fabrication process based on plasma spray is developed to manufacture the metal mesh reinforced 7YSZ. The mechanical test results of the HX reinforced 7YSZ CMC, based on a three-point bend test, show that HX/7YSZ CMC surpasses the monolithic 7YSZ in terms of peak load and displacement before fracture. More specifically, the incorporation of HX mesh provides over 7 times increase to the flexure strength. Heat treatment of the CMC further increases the load at the onset of crack initiation due to the enhanced bonding between 7YSZ and HX mesh

Causality between Economic Growth and Consumption of Natural Gas in I. R. Iran

This study investigates interactions between economic growth and natural gas consumption, using times series data. The paper uses vector error correction technique and Johansen Co-integration test for the period 1353-1386. Co-integration test results indicate that there are two co-integrating vectors containing GDP and natural gas consumption. In order to identify the co-integrating vectors, restrictions based on fundamentals of economic theory are imposed. Each vector can be interpreted as follows: in cointegrating equation1, gas consumption, capital, research & development and labor force variables have positive and significant effects on GDP (endogenous growth function) in the long run, based on theoretical foundations of endogenous growth function is quite plausible. In cointegrating equation 2, GDP has positive and significant effect on gas consumption in the long run. Also, there are short-term dynamics in ECM equations in which speed of adjustment coefficients are offered. The results indicate that there is bidirectional causality between gas consumption and GDP in Iranian economy. So myiopic policies on one side without considering the other side is not expected to be effective. This means that policies designed for restraining gas consumption policy, ceteris paribus, may lead to decline in GDP

Determination of economically optimal rotation age of (Popolus deltoides) in Guilan Province

The aim of this research was to determine the optimal rotation period in poplar, in which the net present value will be maximized regarding to the stumpage price, rate of interest and annual growth. Data such as annual growth, stumpage price and discount rate were used in order to determine the optimal rotation period. First of all a growth model of poplar tree was predicted. Results indicated that a quadratic model with significant level of 0.05 is the best model, based on annual growth and volume per hectare. Although, the results indicated that a cubic function is the best model for determination a relationship between age and stock with significant level of 0.05. Then, the stumpage price was predicted based on autoregressive model. Finally, the optimal rotation period for different plantation density was determined, based on price and growth models as well as different rate of interest. Results indicated that the optimal rotation age will be variable and between 8 to 25 years, due to different rate of interest and plantation density