A study of Gaetano Donizetti's opera ""Don Pasquale"" the harmony between the sound and the language (prozody).

TEZ7858Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2010.Kaynakça (s. 97-98) var.viii, 99 s. ; 29 cm.To identify the disorders of prosody, it is important to know the emphasis and the features of sound of the language which opera is translated into. When an opera with its original language is translated into a foreign language without any care, the dissonance between the music of the opera and music of the language may cause the misunderstanding of the message and, therefore; would disrupt music from reaching its aim. For this reason, the operas which are translated into Turkish should be translated considering theTurkish sound and word structure and the opera written in the composer's own language should reach its audience with close translation. Consequently, in the translation of original libretto which is intended to equip with the language and accent features of Turkish which are well-known, Turkish prosody rules must be followed. In this study, one of the most popular operas of opera composer Gaetano Donizetti which is ""Don Pasquale"" a three-act comedy is examined with respect to Turkish prosody rules and is tried to reach a value judgement about the opera in general. Don Pasquale opera as it is played in Turkish today is re-translated by the researcher comparing it in accodance with Turkish prosody rules. Opera solos, duets, terzet, quartet and choir parties are examined on their musical notes and prosodic errors are discussed. Moreover, the composer's life, his works and his historical importance, the subject of ""Don Pasquela"" opera, its recordings, its performance history and its Italian and Turkish libretto also take place in this research. It is determined that having examined the prozody of ""Don Pasquale"" opera, a large part of the prosody is not disordered. However; the perfection of the original language should not also be ignored. The word to word translation of libretto (for the Turkish version which is played today) has captured attention being a close and good translation of the opera if not in prozodic terms. In conclusion, this opera composed by Gaetano Donizetti is not only the first work of art in opera comedy style but also it requires the correct articulation, acelite and a powerful breathing technique in its interpretation. This opera which comes up in the repertoire of all the operas in the world, is usually performed in its original language. In this context, ""operas are best in their original language"" approach cannot be regarded wrong.Prozodi bozukluklarının saptanabilmesi için, operanın çevrildiği dildeki vurguların ve ses özelliklerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Orijinal dilindeki bir opera, yabancı bir dile özensiz bir şekilde çevrildiğinde, operanın müziği ile dilin müziği arasında yaşanacak uyuşumsuzluklar, müziğin vermek istediği mesajın kötü bir şekilde verilmesine ve müziğin amacına ulaşmasına engel olacaktır. Bu nedenle Türkçeye çevrilen operalar da Türkçenin ses-söz yapısına uygun olarak çevrilmeli ve bestecinin kendi dilinde yazdığı opera, aslına sadık kalınarak dinleyicilere ulaştırılmalıdır. Bu nedenle de Türkçenin bilinen dil ve vurgu özelliklerine uygun hale getirilmek istenen orijinal librettonun çeviriminde Türkçe prozodi kurallarına uyulması gerekir. Bu araştırmada, opera bestecisi Gaetano Donizetti'nin en ünlü operalarından biri olan, üç perdelik opera komik tarzındaki ""Don Pasquale"" operası, Türkçe prozodi kuralları açısından incelenerek, operanın geneli hakkında bir değer yargısına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma; Don Pasquale operasının, günümüzde Türkçe oynandığı şekliyle, tüm orijinal librettosu araştırmacı tarafından tekrar tercüme edilerek ve Türkçe prozodi kurallarına göre karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Operanın solo, düet, terzet, quartet ve koro partileri, notaları üzerinden incelenerek buralardaki prozodik yanlışlıklar gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca bestecinin hayatı, eserleri ve tarihsel önemi, ""Don Pasquale"" operasının konusu, albüm kayıtları, performans tarihçesi, İtalyanca ve Türkçe librettosuna da araştırma içinde yer verilmiştir. Prozodisi incelenen ""Don Pasquale"" operasının büyük bir bölümünün prozodisinin çok fazla bozuk olmadığı saptanmıştır. Ancak, orijinal dilindeki kusursuzluğu da göz ardı etmemek gerekir. Librettonun birebir tercümesi (günümüzde oynanan Türkçe uyarlaması için), prozodik açıdan olmasa da yakın ve güzel bir tercüme oluşuyla dikkati çekmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Gaetano Donizeti'nin bestelediği bu opera, opera komik tarzında ilk eser olma özelliği ile birlikte, yorumlanmasında da, doğru artikülasyon, acelite ve güçlü bir nefes tekniği gerektirmektedir. Dünyadaki bütün operalarının repertuvarlarında her yıl yer alan bu eser, genellikle orijinal dilinde icra edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda ""operalar orijinal dilinde güzeldir"" demek yanlış bir yaklaşım olmaz

Iatrogenic subclinic D hypervitaminosis: case report

Use of high dose vitamin D without evaluation physical examination and laboratory procedures may lead to important complications in childhood. In this case report the clinical and laboratory findings of 13 months old girl that given five D vitamin ampoule (300.000 U) in four months for growth failure were evaluated. The diagnosis of iatroghenic sub clinic D hypervitaminozis was determined with clinical history, laboratory and radiological findings. Hypercalcemia, low parathormon level, high 25(OH) D vitamin level, hypercalsiuria and meduller nephrocalsinosis were detected in results. The aim of this case report is evaluation of high dose vitamin D complications

Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy in premature infants with very low birth weight, in the South-East Region, Turkey

Giriş: Prematüre retinopatisi (PR) çocukluk döneminde görülen en önemli körlük nedenidir. İleri derecede düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematürelerin yaşam oranlarının artmasıyla PR sıklığında da artış görülmektedir. PR’nin en önemli risk faktörleri, düşük doğum ağırlığı ve erken gestasyonel dönemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, vücut ağırlığı 1500 gramın altında doğan prematüre bebeklerde, PR risk faktörlerini ve retinopati görülme oranlarını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ağustos 2010-Aralık 2102 tarihleri arasında yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitemizde izlenen doğum haftası 32 haftanın ve doğum ağırlığı 1500 gramın altında olan 84 hasta alındı. Retinopati gelişen ve gelişmeyen iki grup arasında risk faktörleri açısından karşılaştırma yapıldı. Bulgular: Grup 1’deki hastaların ortalama gestasyonel yaşları ve doğum ağırlıkları sırasıyla 27,86±2, 0 hafta, 1,146,66±278,58 gram idi. Grup 2’deki hastaların ise ortalama gestasyonel yaşları ve doğum ağırlıkları sırasıyla 29,08±1,96 hafta, 1,289,36±74,77 gram idi. Hastaların %44’ünde retinopati saptandı ve bunların %7,1’inde ise ileri derecede retinopati geliştiği için tedavi uygulandı. Retinopati gelişen hastalarda risk faktörleri; düşük doğum haftası (p=0,007), düşük doğum ağırlığı (p=0,007), transfer edilmiş olmak (p=0,01), intraventriküler kanama (p=0,04), ventilasyon süresinin uzaması (p=0,006), oksijenin uzun süre verilmesi (p=0,001) ve kan transfüzyonu (p=0,01) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Sonuç: PR, dünyada çocukluk yaş grubunda en önemli körlük nedenidir. Fakat erken tanı ve uygun tedaviyle körlük önlenebilir. Bu nedenle PR risk faktörlerinin saptanması önemlidir.Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common cause of childhood blindness. The risk of ROP is increased in premature infants with very low birth weights, as the most common risk factors for ROP are low birth weight and early periods of gestation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and the incidence of ROP among premature infants weighing under 1500 g upon delivery. Materials and Methods: Between August 2010 and December 2012, 84 patients followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit who were under 32 weeks old at birth and under 1500 g at birth were included in this study. Patients were separated into two groups: those with retinopathy and those without. Then the risk factors were compared between groups. Results: Mean gestational age and birth weight of the patients in group 1 and group 2 were 27.86±2.0 weeks, 1,146.66±278.58 g and 29.08±1.96 weeks, 1,289.36±74.77 g, respectively. Retinopathy was detected in 44% of the patients and of them 7.1% were treated for severe retinopathy. We determined that early periods of gestation (p=0.007), low birth weight (p=0.007), being transported (p=0.01), intraventricular hemorrhage (p=0.04), prolonged ventilation (p=0.006), prolonged oxygen administration (p=0.01), and blood transfusion (p=0.01) were statistically significant risk factors in patients with retinopathy. Conclusions: ROP has been recognized as one of the most important causes of childhood blindness in the world. However blindness is preventable if patients are diagnosed early and treated properly. Thus, it is important to determine the risk factors for ROP

Evaluating of Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis A

Acute viral hepatitis A is usually, which asymptomatic and anicteric, has often been seen in children. In this study, the files of 42 patients with acute viral hepatitis A infection who were admitted at the Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, between January 2006 and February 2007, were evaluated retrospectively. Male/female rate was determined to be 1.4, and the mean ages of patients were 6.9±3.5 years (18months to14 years). The most common symptoms on admission were jaundice (73.8%), vomiting (52.3%), fever (42.8%) and abdominal pain (38%). The seasons on admission were winter (47.6%), autumn (38.1%) and spring (14.3%). In laboratory findings mean of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 1875U/L (82-6340U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1697U/L (144-4876 U/L), total bilirubin 12.1mg/dl (0.9-47mg/dl), and direct bilirubin 8.9mg/dl (0.4-27.3 mg/dl) were determined. The most frequent complications were anemia, hepatic encephalopathy, thrombocytopenia, and the mortality rate was determined as 2.4%

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a rare form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Mostly it appears under three years of age and is characterized by purpuric skin lesions, fever and edema. A three years-old boy, who has cough and coryzea was admitted to our clinic for fever and red spots on legs and arms. In physical examination; ecimotic skin lesions on right ear, face, arms, dorsal of the hands, buttocks, legs and dorsal of the feet were found. In the laboratory tests acute phase reactants were elevated and blood coagulation tests were in normal range. Hepatit A,B,C and TORCH markers were negative. Punch biopsy obtained from gluteal area showed leukositoclastic vasculity. Focal fibrinogen accumulation was detected by immun fluorescent microscopy. Regression on lesions was not observed despite supportive therapy, so prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) therapy was started. On the third day of the steroid therapy, complete recovery was achived

Novel Alu retrotransposon insertion leading to Alström syndrome.

Alström syndrome is a clinically complex disorder characterized by childhood retinal degeneration leading to blindness, sensorineural hearing loss, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, systemic fibrosis, and pulmonary, hepatic, and renal failure. Alström syndrome is caused by recessively inherited mutations in the ALMS1 gene, which codes for a putative ciliary protein. Alström syndrome is characterized by extensive allelic heterogeneity, however, founder effects have been observed in some populations. To date, more than 100 causative ALMS1 mutations have been identified, mostly frameshift and non-sense alterations resulting in termination signals in ALMS1. Here, we report a complex Turkish kindred in which sequence analysis uncovered an insertion of a novel 333 basepair Alu Ya5 SINE retrotransposon in the ALMS1 coding sequence, a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the mutations causing Alström syndrome. It is extraordinarily rare to encounter the insertion of an Alu retrotransposon in the coding sequence of a gene. The high frequency of the mutant ALMS1 allele in this isolated population suggests that this recent retrotransposition event spreads quickly, and may be used as a model to study the population dynamics of deleterious alleles in isolated communities

Novel Alu Retrotransposon Insertion Leading To Alstrom Syndrome

Alstrom syndrome is a clinically complex disorder characterized by childhood retinal degeneration leading to blindness, sensorineural hearing loss, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, systemic fibrosis, and pulmonary, hepatic, and renal failure. Alstrom syndrome is caused by recessively inherited mutations in the ALMS1 gene, which codes for a putative ciliary protein. Alstrom syndrome is characterized by extensive allelic heterogeneity, however, founder effects have been observed in some populations. To date, more than 100 causative ALMS1 mutations have been identified, mostly frameshift and non-sense alterations resulting in termination signals in ALMS1. Here, we report a complex Turkish kindred in which sequence analysis uncovered an insertion of a novel 333 basepair Alu Ya5 SINE retrotransposon in the ALMS1 coding sequence, a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the mutations causing Alstrom syndrome. It is extraordinarily rare to encounter the insertion of an Alu retrotransposon in the coding sequence of a gene. The high frequency of the mutant ALMS1 allele in this isolated population suggests that this recent retrotransposition event spreads quickly, and may be used as a model to study the population dynamics of deleterious alleles in isolated communities.Wo