Historical Alfalfa Landraces Perform Higher Yield Under Dry Farming in Turkey

AbstractDrought is a serious abiotic stress affecting crop yield and is an increasingly significant challenge to crop production with the climate change. Cultivars that perform well under limited water are the key for the global food security. One of the main problems for plant breeders is the availability of plant germplasm that could perform well under water limited conditions. There is wealth of wild germplasm adapted to water limited environments but they yield poorly in agricultural systems. However, historical landraces could be the key to counterbalance the yield loses due to increased drought caused by climate change. Alfalfa is a forge legume cultivated throughout the world and affected from drought significantly. USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) has a collection of Turkish alfalfa landraces gathered in second half of the last century. In this study, we evaluated the agronomic performance of a total of 100 historical landraces, wild accessions and modern cultivars in a replicated field trial in two locations in Kars Province of Turkey in order to evaluate the field performance of the accessions under non-irrigated conditions and to compare yield performance of landraces with modern cultivars.The results revealed that when all 100 entries were evaluated, the historical landraces on average perform as high as modern cultivars for the agronomic traits such as total biomass yield and plant height. When the accessions and entries considered separately, the top 20 high yielding accessions were all landraces with a few high performing wild accessions outperforming modern cultivars. The results conclude that historical landraces could directly be used in dry agriculture possess significant alleles for water use efficiency. The outcome of the current study suggests that the evaluation of plant genetic resources, especially historical landraces, under different climate conditions is vital for effective breeding strategies

Effects of raw egg addition to milk at suckling period on growth performance, concentration of serum IgG and some blood parameters in calf

Bu araştırma süt emen buzağıların sütlerine çiğ yumurta ilavesinin besi performansı, serum IgG ve bazı kan parametrelerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırmada bir günlük yaşta 16 adet Holştayn ırkı erkek buzağı kullanıldı. Buzağılar canlı ağırlık ortalamaları birbirine yakın olacak şekilde iki gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubundaki buzağılar 59 gün süren araştırma süresince canlı ağırlıklarının % 10’u kadar normal inek sütü ile günde 2 öğün (sabah 08:00, akşam 18:00) halinde beslendi. Deneme grubundaki buzağılar kontrol grubu ile aynı şekilde beslendi, bunun yanında her öğünde sütlerine 1 adet çiğ yumurta ilave edildi. Buzağıların canlı ağırlıkları iki haftalık aralıklarla belirlendi. Serum IgG ve serum parametrelerini belirlemek amacıyla araştırma bitimi olan 59. günde kan örnekleri alındı. Araştırma sonu itibariyle; canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık görülmedi. Deneme grubunun serum IgG konsantrasyonu kontrol grubundan önemli derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.01). Serum total kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL, LDL, VLDL ve total protein konsantrasyonları gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık göstermedi. Sonuç olarak; buzağı sütüne çiğ yumurta ilavesinin besi performansını, serum lipit metabolizması ürünlerini ve total protein miktarını değiştirmediği, buna karşın immun sistemi güçlendirdiği kanaatine ulaşıldı.The study was conducted to determine raw egg addition to milk at suckling period on growth performance, concentration of serum IgG and some blood parameters in calf. Sixteen, 1 day age male Holstein calves were used in this study. They were divided into two groups according to similar body weight. Calves in the Control group were fed normal cow milk during the 59 day of study period, at the rate of 10 % their body weight as two meal (morning 08:00, night 18:00). Calves in the Trial group were fed in the same way, but at the each meal, 1 liquid egg supplemented their milk. Body weights of the calves were determined biweekly interval. At 59 d of blood samples were collected by jugular vein for measurement of IgG and blood biochemistry parameters. There was no statistical difference on the body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion at the end of the study between the groups. Serum IgG in the liquid egg supplemented group was higher in the Trial group than those of the Control. There were no statistical differences on the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL and total protein between the groups. In conclusion; it is concluded that liquid egg supplementation for calf milk did not affect on the growth performance, serum lipid fraction and total protein, while it fortified the immun system

Japon Bıldırcınlarının Rasyonlarına Çörek Otu (Nigella sativa L.) Tohumu veya Çörek Otu Yağı İlavesinin Besi Performansı, Karkas Özellikleri ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi

This study was conducted to determine effects of black cumin seeds or black cumin oil addition to quail rations on growth performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters. Totally 180 daily Japanese quail chicks were used. Chicks allocated four main groups each containing 45 chicks, and each main group divided into three subgroups each containing 15 chicks. A group was fed with basal starter diet for 1-21th days and grower diet for 22-35th days (Control). Other groups were fed same diets but their diet added by 0.1% oxytetracycline (Positive control: PC), 1% black cumin seed (BCS) or 0.1% black cumin oil (BCO). At last of study 15 chicks from each main group were slaughtered for determination of carcass traits and blood serum parameters. Final average live weight of quails in PC and BCS groups were significantly higher than C group. There were no differences on live weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio among the groups on basis of whole study period. Carcass weight was lower in C group than the other groups, while there were no differences on carcass yield, leg, breast and wing ratio among the groups. Serum cholesterol concentration in BCO group was significantly lower than C group but there were no differences on Ca, P, VLDL, HDL, LDL, ALT, ALP, albumin, globulin, total protein concentrations among the groups. In conclusion, it was established that, as being in antibiotic added groups, addition of 1% black cumin seed to quail diet enhanced live weight, and 0.1% black cumin oil had showed hypocholesterolemic affect

Effects of dietary addition of synbiotic on the performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of synbiotic (Syn) on the growth performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails. A total of 1,500 (750 male and 750 female) Japanese quails were assigned to five treatments, including the control (basal diet) and basal diets with the addition of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% Syn according to a completely randomized design. Each treatment in the male and female experiment groups consisted of five replicates, with 30 chicks for each replicate. The addition of Syn had no effect on body weight (BW), while the BW of female quails was higher than that of male quails at day 42. The addition of Syn reduced feed intake (FI) and improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.000). The daily body weight gain and FI were significantly higher in female than in male quails and Syn also improved the FCR in the overall experiment. The effect of the addition of Syn on carcass parameters (except for abdominal fat) was not determined. The addition of Syn decreased abdominal fat weight and percentage when compared with the control group. Male quails were found to have higher carcass yield, wing, neck, and other percentages than female quails. However, female quails were found to have higher breast, breast skin, abdominal fat, and visceral organ percentages. The addition of 0.1% Syn to quail ration reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protien (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels at day 42 of the trial. The addition of Syn decreased the serum total cholesterol level. Gender was found to have an effect in that female quails were found to have higher total cholesterol, HDL, TP, and ALB levels than male quails. In both genders, the addition of Syn improved the BWG, FC, and FCR in the overall experiment, reduced abdominal fat, decreased the total cholesterol levels, improved the HDL levels, and increased the TP and ALB levels at day 42. The addition of 0.3 and/or 0.4% synbiotic has a positive effect on quails by improving performance and enhancing some serum lipids and protein parameters

GDO’ların üretim amaçları ve hayvan beslemede kullanımı

Bu derlemede genetik olarak değiştirilmiş organizma (GDO)’lı ürünlerin yetiştirilme amaçları, besinsel içeriği, yemlerdeki DNA’nın stabilitesi, hayvan beslemede kullanımı, organizmadaki akibeti ve geleceğe yönelik değerlendirmeler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir

Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and L-carnitine individually or concurrent supplementation for diets on growth performance, carcass traits and serum composition of broiler chickens

This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary indivudually or dually supplementation of chitosan oligosacchacarides (COS) and L-carnitine to diet on growth performance, carcass traits and serum compositions of broiler chickens. A total of 320-day old broiler chicks were used in the study, and the chicks were divided into the following 4 main groups: Basal diet (control); basal diet+100 mg/kg COS (COS); basal diet+100 mg/kg L-carnitine (carnitine); and basal diet+100 mg/kg COS+100 mg/kg L-carnitine (COS+carnitine). Additionally, each of the main groups was divided into 4 subgroups of 20 chickens each. The study lasted for d 42. There were no differences on body weight, feed intake and feed convertion of birds overall the study. There were no differences on slaughter body weight, carcass weight, carcass ratio and breast, leg and wing ratio to carcass weight. Abdominal fat percentage in COS, carnitine and COS+carnitine was lower than the control group. Liver relative weight in COS and control group was higher than carnitine and COS+carnitine group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, total protein and albumin concentrations were not differ among groups. In conclusion, COS, carnitine and COS+carnitine supplementation to broiler diets did not affect growth performance, carcass traits and serum parameters, while carnitine and COS+carnitine can be use due to decreased abdominal fat and liver ratio in broilers

Effects of dietary addition of synbiotic on the performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of synbiotic (Syn) on the growth performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails. A total of 1,500 (750 male and 750 female) Japanese quails were assigned to five treatments, including the control (basal diet) and basal diets with the addition of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% Syn according to a completely randomized design. Each treatment in the male and female experiment groups consisted of five replicates, with 30 chicks for each replicate. The addition of Syn had no effect on body weight (BW), while the BW of female quails was higher than that of male quails at day 42. The addition of Syn reduced feed intake (FI) and improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.000). The daily body weight gain and FI were significantly higher in female than in male quails and Syn also improved the FCR in the overall experiment. The effect of the addition of Syn on carcass parameters (except for abdominal fat) was not determined. The addition of Syn decreased abdominal fat weight and percentage when compared with the control group. Male quails were found to have higher carcass yield, wing, neck, and other percentages than female quails. However, female quails were found to have higher breast, breast skin, abdominal fat, and visceral organ percentages. The addition of 0.1% Syn to quail ration reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protien (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels at day 42 of the trial. The addition of Syn decreased the serum total cholesterol level. Gender was found to have an effect in that female quails were found to have higher total cholesterol, HDL, TP, and ALB levels than male quails. In both genders, the addition of Syn improved the BWG, FC, and FCR in the overall experiment, reduced abdominal fat, decreased the total cholesterol levels, improved the HDL levels, and increased the TP and ALB levels at day 42. The addition of 0.3 and/or 0.4% synbiotic has a positive effect on quails by improving performance and enhancing some serum lipids and protein parameters

Japon Bıldırcınlarının (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) Rasyonlarına Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L.) Meyvesi Yağı İlavesinin Besi Performansı, Karkas Karakteristikleri, Kan Parametreleri ve Göğüs Eti Yağ Asitleri Kompozisyonuna Etkileri

The objective of this study was to determine effects of terebinth fruit oil (TFO) supplementation to diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters and composition of breast meat fatty acids in Japanese quails. Totally 240 unsexed daily Japanese quail chicks were assigned randomly to three treatment groups. Each group divided into 4 replicates, each containing 20 birds. A group was fed with basal starter diet for 1-21th days and grower diet for 22-42th days (Control). Treatment groups were also fed same diets additionally their ration added by 130 (Group A) or 260 mg/kg TFO (Group B) during the study. At 42 d of study, 20 quails (5 quails from each subgroup) from each group slaughtered for determination of carcass traits, blood parameters and fatty acid composition of breast meat. As a result of this study, final live weight of quails in Group B was found higher than Control and Group A (P<0.05). There were no differences on the average live weight gains of the birds among the groups. Average feed intake in Group A was found lower than Control and Group B on basis of whole study period (P<0.05). Average feed conversion ratio in Group A was found better than Control on basis of whole study period (P<0.05). Carcass weight in Group B was found higher than Group A (P<0.05). There were no differences on carcass yield and breast-, leg-, wing-, heart-, liver- and gizzard ratio to carcass weights of the birds in all groups. Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and globulin did not differ among the groups. There were no differences on composition of breast meat fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, due to supplementation of 260 mg/kg TFO enhanced live weight and carcas

Effect of management system and dietary yeast autolysate on the performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of partridges (Alectoris chukar)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of management system (a floor housing (FH) versus a free-range housing (FRH) system) and dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (1% versus 2% dietary supplement) on the performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of partridges (Alectoris chukar). A total of 480 (240 for each management system) one-day-old male partridge chicks were randomly allocated to a control group and the two dietary groups per production system, each containing 80 chicks. Each dietary group was then divided into five replicate groups of 16 chicks. The study lasted 112 days. In terms of growth performance, partridges reared under FRH management system had a lower average daily live weight gain (ADG), a significantly higher feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. However, partridges fed diets with yeast autolysate had a significantly higher ADG, lower FI, and an improved FCR compared to the control group overall. The gizzard, leg, and wing percentages of the partridges reared in the FRH system were found to be significantly higher than those of partridges reared in the FH system, while the breast and abdominal fat percentages were found to be lower. Dietary supplementation with yeast autolysate significantly increased the cold carcass yield and breast percentage when compared to the control group, while wing and abdominal fat percentages were decreased. In general, best performance was observed in the dietary supplementation group of 1% yeast autolysate in terms of growth and carcass parameters. When considering the fact that partridges are gamebirds, that housing poultry in cage production systems has been prohibited in recent years and that there are positive effects associated with using yeast autolysate as a prebiotic, it is recommended that a free-range production system should be used for partridge breeding, with the addition of 1% yeast autolysate to the diet of the birds

Effects of feeding by hay, grass silage and corn silage on growth performance, rumen fluid and blood serum parameters in beef cattle

The study was conducted to determine the use of hay, grass silage, corn silage and grass silage+corn silage as roughage sources on growth performance, some rumen and blood serum parameters in beef cattle. A total of 24 Simmental beef cattle (12 male, 12 female), 9 or 10 months age, which were initially 142.4 kg live weight, were used in this study. The animals were divided into four treatment groups each consisting of 6 cattle (3 male, 3 female). All animals in the groups were fed with 2888 g for 0-21 d, 3813 g for 22-42 d and 5177 g for 43-63 d concentrated feed. In addition to the concentrated feed, one of the following roughage source hay, grass silage, corn silage or grass silage+corn silage (50:50) were given ad libitum to animals in each group. Animals were fed by group basis. At the 63 d of the study, rumen fluid and blood serum samples were taken from the animals. Final live weights of the animals did not affect. Average daily weight gains of the cattle in the overall study were no statistical differences among the groups. The roughage sources did not affect rumen fluid pH, NH3 N, acetic-, propionic- and butyric acid concentrations of beef cattle. The roughage sources did not also affect serum glucose, total protein and albumin concentration of animals. Consequently, it is concluded that mentioned roughage sources could be preferred as alone or grass silage+corn silage combination in feeding of beef cattle after economic analyses of these feedstuffs