Resistance of Ampicillin, Ceftazidime, and Cefotaxime in Poultry’s Escherichia coli

Beta-lactam antibiotics are important antibiotics that are widely used in the field of human and animal health. Ampicillin resistance has been widely reported. Another increase in resistance is 3rd generation cephalosporins. The purpose of this study was to compare the ampicillin resistance profiles in 2019 and 2021 in the same E. coli isolates and to determine the resistance profiles of ampicillin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime in live chicken E. coli. The research stages were the preparation of isolates; culture on differential selective media and checking the uniformity of bacterial cell morphology; biochemical test; bacterial DNA extraction; uspA gene amplification; visualization of amplification results; manufacture of bacterial suspensions; Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion resistance test; measurement of inhibition zones and determination of isolate status; and compared the ampicillin resistance test data. All isolates were confirmed positive for E. coli. The uspA gene (884 bp) was detected in all isolates. Ampicillin resistance in 2019 and 2021 in the same E. coli isolates when compared, there was no difference. Resistance test showed E. coli was resistant to ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (15.4%), and cefotaxime (64.5%). The conclusion of the study was that there was no difference between the ampicillin resistance in 2019 and 2021 in E. coli isolates. Escherichia coli in this study had the highest resistance profile to ampicillin, followed by cefotaxime, and the lowest was ceftazidime

PEMANFAATAN TELUR AYAM SEBAGAI PABRIK BIOLOGIS (KAJIAN PUSTAKA)

ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang pemanfaatan telur sebagai pabrik biologis dilakukan sangat komprehensif di beberapa institusi perguruan tinggi di Inonesia, yakni Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan (FKH) Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), FKH Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), FKH Universitas Udayana (UNUD), FKH Universitas Syahkuala (Unsyiah), Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Jejaring penelitian dibangun dengan baik dan telah menghasilkan beberapa produk, antara lain: telur berkhasiat flu burung H5N1, telur Anti Tetanus Serum, Telur Anti Diare, Telur anti Plaque dan Telur Anti White Spot Syndrome Virus pada udang. Secara ilmiah khasiat IgY spesifik dalam kuning telur sebagai senyawa therapeutic telah diuji dan tinggal memerlukan sentuhan akhir tersendiri untuk dapat disajikan sebagai produk komersial. Peran industri yang relevan sangat dibutuhkan dalam mewujudkan hal ini. THE USE OF EGG AS A BIOLOGICAL PRODUCER FOR SPESIFIC ANTIBODIES ABSTRACTS The use of egg as a biological producer for specific antibodies were done intensively among well known universities in Indonesia, such as Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FVM) of FVM of IPB, FVM of UGM, FVM of UDAYANA and FVM of UNSYIAH as well as Faculty of Dental Medicine Indonesia University. The collaboration and research networking among those institutions run as expected and succeed to produce some important products such as eggs containing IgY anti avian flu as well as anti tetanus, anti diarrhea, anti plaques and eggs anti WSSV in shrimp. The potency of specific IgY as immunotherapeutic substances had been studied and need the commercial touch from the respective industries until this products in market available

Comparison outcome in management of femoral neck fracture using multiple cancellous screws with and without fibular graft

Multiple cancellous cannulated screw is preferred method in fresh cases of fracture neck of femur in young patients. Fibular strut graft is sometimes used along with multiple cancellous cannulated screws to enhance union and early restoration of function. We conducted a retrospective study to patients aged between 20-50 years old with femoral neck fracture treated with multiple cancellous screws either with or without fibular graft between the period of January 2016 to January 2018. We obtained total of six patients (five males and one female) with femoral neck fracture treated with multiple cancellous screws either with or without fibular graft. All fractures were garden type II-IV fresh femoral neck fractures. The functional outcome based on Harris hip score was excellent for all patients. The mean time of full weight bearing was 16±8 weeks in both multiple cancellous screws without fibular group and multiple cancellous screws with fibular group. The mean time of union was also 16±8 weeks in both groups. There is no complication such as non-union, avascular necrosis of femoral head and/or broken fibular graft in both the groups occurrences. Fixation with cancellous screws and fibular strut grafts for femoral neck fractures is cost effective and technically less demanding and associated with good outcomes. There is no added advantage of non-vascularized fibular grafting with multiple hip screw fixation in fresh femoral neck fractures in young adults over multiple hip screw fixation alone

Phytochemical Profiles of Propolis Trigona Spp. from Three Regions in Indonesia Using GC-MS

This research was designed to determine the phytochemical components of the ethanol extract of propolis Trigona spp. using GC-MS. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of twelve different compounds in ethanol extract of propolis Trigona spp. from South Sulawesi region. The main phytochemical compounds identified in propolis from South Sulawesi were octadecane (11.87%) and from twelve compounds identified only six compounds were reported to have biological activity. The ethanol extract of propolis Trigona spp. from South Kalimantan region indicated the presence of eight different bioactive compounds with highest peak area of 0.96% for tricosane, from eight compounds identified only three compounds were reported to have biological activity. The ethanol extract of propolis Trigona spp. from Banten region showed the presence of eight different bioactive compounds with highest peak area of 4.80% for nonacosane and from the eight compounds identified only five compounds were reported to have biological activity. This research confirmed that the existence of different bioactive compounds from each region of origin of propolis in Indonesia. Keywords: propolis Trigona spp., ethanol extract, phytochemical profile, GC-MS analysi

Amantadine resistance of clade 2.3.2 H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus from Waterfowl in Indonesia

The objective of this research was to know the sensitivity of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV from Indonesia to antiviral drug (amantadine) through molecular and in vitro tests. The study was conducted by virus isolation and identification, nucleotide analysis, and susceptibility to the amantadine hydrocloride in MDCK cells. The study result represented that the mean EID50 isolates of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV was determined of 108 EID50/ml. The analysis of phylogenetic tree of M2 gene from six viruses of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV from Indonesia were closed with H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV avian influenza viruses from Vietnam, China, Hongkong. The substitution of M2 protein (V27I) was identified in six isolates H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV isolated from Indonesia. Avian influenza of clade 2.3.2 H5N1 subtype from Indonesia produced the formation of CPE and the positive HA reaction with non-toxic concentration of amantadine hydrochloride in MDCK cells. The result of genetic analysis of M2 gene for amantadine resistance was related with the results of HA test and the formation of CPE in MDCK cells. These results established that amantadine resistance have been identified in H5N1 clade 2.3.2 AIV viruses isolated from Indonesi

Phenotypic and Genotypic Study of Antibiotics Resistance Profile in Escherichia coli Isolated from Broilers in Cianjur, Indonesia

This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic of antibiotics resistance profile in Escherichia coli. The 30 samples come from cloacal swab of broilers in Cianjur, Indonesia. Isolation and identification of E. coli was performed by culture in McConkey agar, eosin methylene blue agar, Gram staining and five essential biochemical tests (IMViC). In this study, 10 isolates (33.3%) were confirmed E. coli positive. Phenotypic profile was performed by screening all isolates with 8 antibiotics of 6 antibiotic groups. The screening was carried by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method based on the standard of CLSI. For genotypic profile, each resistant isolate was detected antibiotic resistance-encoding gene. The result showed all isolates (100%) resistant against tetracyclin, oxytetracycline and erythromycin. Nine isolates (90%) detected nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin-resistant. The ciprofloxacin and gentamicin-resistant isolates were 70% and 40%, respectively. There was no resistant isolate for chloramphenicol. Multi drug-resistant was detected on 90% isolates. Only gyrA (100%) and tetA (80%) genes were detected. This study showed high rate of occurrence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli. Not all resistant isolates were detected in the antibiotic resistance-encoding gene in this study. Future research to detect resistance genes should use more varied target genes

Waktu Henti Antibiotik dan Faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada Peternakan Broiler di Bogor

Waktu henti antibiotik merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap residu antibiotik. Residu obat dalam unggas dan produk unggas menjadi perhatian karena membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat seperti berupa reaksi alergi dan hipersensitivitas, gangguan reproduksi, karsinogenisitas, nefropati, gangguan flora normal usus dan resistansi antibiotik. Peternak broiler yang memperhatikan waktu henti antibiotik baru sekitar separuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi waktu henti antibiotik pada broiler. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian diambil sebanyak 103 Rumah Tangga Peternak (RTP) dengan kriteria sampel adalah peternak yang menggunakan antibiotik dalam proses pemeliharaan broilernya. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner dengan cara wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi dan uji t dengan taraf signifikan (α) sebesar 5 %. Hasil penelitian menemukan faktor yang berkorelasi secara signifikan terhadap waktu henti antibiotik adalah umur peternak dengan kekuatan korelasi lemah dan cukup, Lama bekerja dengan kekuatan korelasi yang cukup, dan jumlah kepemilikan broiler dengan kekuatan korelasi yang cukup. Waktu henti antibiotik secara rerata berbeda nyata berdasarkan pada faktor pengambil keputusan dan penggunaan kombinasi antibiotik. Pengambil keputusan yang dilakukan oleh peternak dan yang tidak menggunakan kombinasi antibiotik waktu henti antibiotiknya lebih panjang

APPLICATION OF VAN HENGEL AND SPITZER ALGORITHM FOR INFORMATION ON BATHYMETRY EXTRACTION USING LANDSAT DATA

Remote sensing technology provides an opportunity for effective and efficient bathymetry mapping, especially in areas which level of depth changes quickly. Bathymetry information is very useful for hydrographic and shipping safety. Landsat medium resolution satellite imagery can be used for the extraction of bathymetry information. This study aims to extract information from the Landsat bathymetry by using Van Hengel and Spitzer rotation algorithm transformation (1991) in the water of Menjangan Island, Bali. This study shows that Van Hengel and Spitzer rotation algorithm transformation (1991) can be used to extract information on the bathymetry of Menjangan Island. Extraction of bathymetric information generated from Landsat TM imagery data in March 19, 1997 had shown the depth interval of (-0.6) m to (-12.3) m and R2 value of 0.671. While Data LANDSAT ETM + dated June 23, 2000 resulted in depth interval of 0 m to (-19.1) m and R2 value of 0.796. Furthermore, data LANDSAT ETM + dated March 12, 2003 resulted in depth interval of 0 m to (-22.5) m and R2 value of 0.931