1,374 research outputs found
A Mycobacterium tuberculosis dUTPáz enzimatikus mechanizmusa és szerepe a baktérium életképességében = Mycobacterium tuberculosis dUTPase as a tool in disease control: functional ablation, enzymatic mechanism and selective perturbation
A jelen pályázatban megvalĂłsult kutatást azzal a cĂ©llal vĂ©geztĂĽk, hogy átfogĂł alaptudományos tudásbázist teremtsen a dUTPáz tuberkulĂłzis gyĂłgyászatban törtĂ©nĹ‘ jövĹ‘beni felhasználásához. A folyamatban azonban az általános enzimműködĂ©s Ă©s enzimevolĂşciĂł szempontjábĂłl is Ă©rdekes eredmĂ©nyeket kaptunk. TechnolĂłgiai elĹ‘relĂ©pĂ©skĂ©nt sikerĂĽlt meghonosĂtani a tuberkulĂłzis kĂłrokozĂłjának nem-fertĹ‘zĹ‘ modell rendszerĂ©t, amelynek eredmĂ©nyekĂ©ppen a Mycobacterium smegmatis genetikai manipuláciĂłját ma már rutinszerűen vĂ©gezzĂĽk. Ebben kimutattuk, hogy az intakt dUTPáz jelenlĂ©te Ă©letfontosságĂş a mikobaktĂ©rium számára. Izgalmas felfedezĂ©sĂĽnk szerint egy eddig ismeretlen funkciĂłjĂş, csak a mikobaktĂ©riumokra jellemzĹ‘ szerkezeti elem, Ă©s nem a dUTPáz enzimaktivitása felelĹ‘s a dUTPáz lĂ©tfontosságáért. Megmutattuk, hogy a dUTPázok több szempontbĂłl egyedi stratĂ©giát alkalmaznak a nukleotid enzimatikus hidrolĂzisĂ©re. Többek között a nemszubsztrát dNDP Ă©s a szubsztrát dNTP megkĂĽlönböztetĂ©sĂ©t kinetikai szelekciĂłval vĂ©gzik egy P-loop-tĂłl csak egy aminosavban eltĂ©rĹ‘ motĂvum segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel. Ugyanezen motĂvum dinamikájának vizsgálata világĂtott rá egy teljesen Ăşj, „strip door”-nak keresztelt mechanizmusra, amely relatĂve zárt aktĂvhelyre valĂł ligandum kötĂ©st is lehetĹ‘vĂ© tesz. A dUTPáz szupercsaládba tartozĂł enzimek alegysĂ©g-kölcsönhatásait vizsgálva arra a következtetĂ©sre jutottunk, hogy multimer enzimekben a kooperatĂv viselkedĂ©st a szabályozás szĂĽksĂ©ge hĂvja Ă©letre egy adott szerkezeti felĂ©pĂtmĂ©nyben. | The present project has been carried out with the long-term aim of providing mechanistic knowledge to support the application of dUTPase-based strategies in fighting tuberculosis. While reaching our specific aims we came to discoveries concerning general principles of enzyme mechanism and evolution as well. As a technological development, we implemented a non-pathogenic model system of the tuberculosis pathogen and routinely use it for genetic manipulation. We showed in this Mycobacterium smegmatis strain that the intact dUTPase protein is indispensable for viability of mycobacteria. Interestingly, a mycobacterium-specific surface loop of yet unknown function and not the enzymatic activity itself is responsible for viability. We also showed that dUTPases apply unique strategies for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the nucleotide. For example, an unusual kinetic selection is used to discriminate the non-substrate dNDP from the substrate dNTP via a P-loop-like motif. Investigating the dynamic behavior of this same motif led to the proposition of a novel mechanism named “strip door” that allows for substrate binding to a relatively closed active site. We also investigated subunit interactions within the dUTPase superfamily and concluded that the cooperative behavior in multimeric enzymes is brought about by the necessity of feed-back regulation in a given structural architecture
Geochemical and Environmental Geological Assessment of Experimental Hydrocarbon Contamination Modeling Results
Difficulties in accessing healthcare and people in need of international protection in Hungary
A rendészeti nyelv : átmenet vagy helyben járás?
Az Ărás cĂ©lja a hazai rendĂ©szeti nyelv fĹ‘bb sajátosságának bemutatása, kiegĂ©szĂtve a kĂĽlföldiek rendĂ©sztĂ©re Ă©s a határĹ‘rizetre vonatkozĂł pĂ©ldákkal. Ez a szaknyelv is többrĂ©tegű, amelyet a közigazgatás, a militáns vĂ©delmi Ă©s a szakrendĂ©szeti nyelv egyaránt alakĂtott. A lexikai, terminolĂłgiai vonásokat, a jellegzetes szĂłkapcsolatokat (funkciĂłigĂ©s szerkezetek, szenvedĹ‘ szerkezet), alanytalan mondatok elĹ‘fordulását, a mondatszerkezetek, a hangvĂ©tel, a központozás vizsgálatát 24 jogszabálynál (törvĂ©nyek, rendeletek, utasĂtások, parancsok) Ă©s törvĂ©nyi indoklásnál vĂ©gezte el a szerzĹ‘. A rendĹ‘rök verbális kommunikáciĂłját kĂ©t forrás alapján lehetett vizsgálni. Az elmĂşlt száz Ă©v közhatalmi Ă©s politikai változásai felemásan jelentek meg a rendĂ©szeti nyelvben, de a demokratikus Ă©s társadalmi szolgáltatĂł szemlĂ©let lassan tör benne utat. The aim of the paper is to present the main features of the language of domestic law enforcement, with examples relating to migration and border surveillance. This language is also multi-layered, shaped by the language of administration, militant defence and specialised policing. The author has analysed lexical and terminological features, characteristic word combinations (function-verbal structures, nominalization), the occurrence of subject-less sentences, passive sentences, other stylistic features and punctuation in 24 pieces of legislation (laws, regulations, orders, commands) and legislative explanatory reports. Verbal communication used by police officers is also investigated using two sources. The changes in public and political power over the last hundred years have had a mixed impact on the language of policing but democratic and social service attitudes slowly making their way into this language
A tudomány pártos szabadságától a szabadságot pártoló tudományig
On the centenary of the birth of István Kovács, we will briefly review the political and public law environment in which the young lawyer's academic and teaching career began after 1945, and the extent to which this environment was gradually democratised at the end of his career. To do this, we shall describe the role of the short-lived Scientific State Council and the Party College, the legal status of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the severe limitations on its internal regulatory autonomy, and the ideological constraints of the related higher education and Sovietised jurisprudence. The decades spent in the creation of the network of academic institutes, the Institute of Law and the Szeged University ended with the hope that law in Hungary, too, could become less an ideological-power issue and more a professionalscientific one, which was manifested in the writing of textbooks and in proposals to help the development of legislative and academic freedom. An assessment of his work on constitutional law also involves a characterisation of his times, to which this paper is intended to make a modest contribution
A közĂ©pszintű törtĂ©nelem Ărásbeli Ă©rettsĂ©gi feladatainak tartalmi mintázatai = Content patterns of the written intermediate history school leaving exam tasks
The emergence of the ICT society has put education under pressure to modernise. The value of transferable knowledge, the importance of key competencies and transversal competences has risen. In Hungary, one of the most significant educational reforms after the 1989 political regime change occurred in 2005, with introducing the new two-tier school-leaving examination system. The examination system brought various innovations, especially in the subject of History, but not all the goals written in the regulatory documents are in line with how the exam tasks operate on the practical level. In this paper, I introduce the intermediate level history maturity exam and research where I examined the prevalence of the topics and distribution of tasks by subject (e.g. political history). In a hope to identify trends in these aspects of the examination regarding both exam sections. My intention is also to provide an impression of how the intermediate level history examination works, which I hope will be useful for history teachers, task writers and for others as well
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