Multidisciplinary Researches in Cultural Heritage Studies: An Approach on Akkale Cistern in Erdemli, Mersin

Conservation, reinforcement and restoration of architectural heritage requires multidisciplinary approaches which should be organised in precise steps that are similar to those used in medical science. Architectural conservation decisions must rely on full understanding of the historical, material, structural, geological and environmental information related to the building and its setting. The aim of this paper is to discuss phases of a multidisciplinary approach applied to develop a conservation project for the ancient cistern building, located in Akkale archaeological site in Mersin (Turkey). Firstly, architectural description of the ancient cistern building in the light of current information revealed by archeological excavations is presented. Then, methods and technics conducted by each expert group are discussed explaining the main results obtained from each study. Finally, organization of multidisciplinary studies and results gained from each step are displayed through a flow chart diagram showing process of research and data from one phase to another to develop architectural conservation program

The Effect of Leachate on the Compacted and Consolidated Clay Soils

Solid waste landfills constitute a potential major threat to groundwater quality. Water present in the waste, rainwater infiltration during and/or after the landfilling process and groundwater penetration can result in the generation of leachate. Leachate is a kind of waste liquid consisting of waste contaminants. Clay soils are natural matters to minimize the permeability of natural soil liners in landfill areas. Some contaminants in the leachate can alter compacted clay soils and cause increasing or decreasing permeability. This study investigates effects of leachate on the permeability of the compacted and consolidated clay soils, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of these clay soils as liners in preventing groundwater contamination. To determine removal capability of compacted and consolidated clay soils, some metal ions (Fe(II), Mn(II)) are also measured in influent and effluent of the lab-scale reactor. According to results of this study, Fe(II) and Mn(II) removal efficiency increases with time. Fe(OH)3 and MnO2 precipitations on the clay soil particles increase oxidation rate depending on the autocatalytic effect. Also, in the beginning, some decrease has been observed in the compacted and consolidated clay soils permeability associated with the contamination. However, as time goes by, these results show that leachates may cause an increase in the permeability

Treatability Of Disperse Dyebath Effluent With Electrocoagulation

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2007Bu deneysel çalışmada, sentetik olarak hazırlanan dispers boya banyo atıksularının (KOİ0 = 3300 mg/L; renk olarak absorbans değerleri A436,0 = 0.992 cm-1; A525,0 = 0.910 cm-1; A620,0 = 0. 616 cm-1; pH0 = 3.0) alüminyum, paslanmaz çelik ve alüminyum-paslanmaz çelik (hibrit) elektrotlar kullanılarak elektrokoagülasyonu renk ve KOİ giderimi esas alınarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar alum, demir(II) sülfat ve demir(III) klorür koagülanları ile yapılan koagülasyon deneyleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elektrokoagülasyon için elektrolit (NaCl) konsantrasyonu, uygulanan akım yoğunluğu ve başlangıç pH’larının etkileri araştırılırken, koagülasyon deneylerinde koagülan dozunun etkisine bakılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan tüm prosesler için oluşan çamur miktarı da askıda katı madde (AKM) olarak ölçülmüştür. Seçilen en uygun elektrokoagülasyon şartlarında ön arıtılmış ve arıtılmamış dispers boya banyo atıksularının biyolojik arıtılabilirliği de aktif çamur sisteminde KOİ giderim verimi açısından incelenmiştir. Alüminyum elektrotlarla yürütülen elektrokoagülasyon deneylerinde, paslanmaz çelik ve alüminyum-paslanmaz çelik hibrit elektrotlarla yapılan deneylere göre daha kısa zamanda daha yüksek renk ve KOİ giderimi elde edilmiştir. Bununla beraber KOİ ve renk giderimleri diğer elektrot malzemeleri ile yapılan elektrokoagülasyon deneylerine göre daha kısa zamanda tamamlandığından daha az çamur oluşmuştur. Elektrokoagülasyon ile ön arıtılmış dispers boya banyo atıksuyunun biyolojik arıtma sonucunda toplam KOİ giderimi % 64’ ten (ön arıtmaya tabi tutulmamış dispers boya banyo atıksuyu için biyolojik KOİ giderim verimi) % 94’e yükselmiştir (entegre kimyasal + biyolojik arıtma verimi).The present experimental study investigates the color and COD-based treatability of synthetically prepared disperse dyebath effluents (COD0 = 3300 mg/L; absorbance values as color, namely A436,0 = 0.992 cm-1; A525,0 = 0.910 cm-1; A620,0 = 0. 616 cm-1; pH0 = 3.0) via electrocoagulation using aluminum, stainless steel and aluminum-stainless steel hybrid electrodes. Experimental results were compared with those obtained with coagulation using alum, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride as the coagulants. For electrocoagulation, the effect of electrolyte (NaCl) concentration, applied current density and initial pH were studied, whereas during the coagulation experiments the effect of coagulant dose was examined. The amount of sludge produced after all treatment processes under investigation was measured in terms of suspended solids (SS). The change in the activated sludge treatability of electrochemically pretreated disperse dyebath effluents with respect to untreated disperse dyebath wastewater was also assessed for the most suitable electrocoagulation pretreatment conditions. Experimental results have indicated that relatively higher color and COD removal efficiencies were obtained for electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes than for stainless steel and hybrid electrodes within shorter reaction times. At the same time, considerably less sludge was produced. In the same manner, higher treatment performance was obtained for coagulation with alum as compared with ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride coagulation. The total COD removal efficiency of electrochemically pretreated disperse dyebath effluent increased from 64 % (achieved for disperse dyebath effluent not being subjected to any chemical pretreatment) to 94 % (integrated chemical + biological treatment).Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Maculopapular rash associated with risperidone in a child

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that antagonizes 5HT2A and D2 receptors. Risperidone is used for many indications in children and adolescents. These indications include bipolar mania, schizophrenia, disruptive behaviour disorders, and aggression associated with autism spectrum disorder/mental retardation. Although it is usually well tolerated, weight gain, somnolence, rhinitis, headache, and rising appetite are among the most noticed side effects. Here we present a 5-year-old boy who developed diffuse nonpruritic maculopapular skin rash with a stable dosage of risperidone in the eighth month of treatment