TYPES OF PUNS IN NOVELS BY T. PRATCHETT AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN

В статье рассматриваются особенности авторского стиля британского писателя Т. Пратчетта, к которым относится игра слов или каламбуры. Описаны виды лексических каламбуров на примере двух романов автора. Указаны трудности их перевода.The article deals with the peculiarities of the author’s style in the novels by the British writer T. Pratchett. Types of lexical puns in two novels by T. Pratchett are described. It is stated that translation difficulties of the analyzed phenomena should be taken into consideration

Получение цельноорганного скаффолда печени крысы

Engineering a three-dimensional scaffold opens up great prospects for creation of manufacturing biological artificial organs. The article presents a method of perfusion decellularization of a rat liver, with the main problems and options for their solution being analyzed. Perfusion of a donor liver with 0.1 % a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution allows obtaining a high-quality cell-free matrix characterized by preserved hepatic architectonics, patent vascular bed, residual DNA of less than 1 %, no signs of collagen fibers destruction and tissue edema. The obtained scaffold can be used for recellularization by allogeneic cell cultures when creating volumetric tissue-engineered designs.Получение трехмерного скаффолда открывает широкие перспективы для инженерии биоискусственных органов. В работе представлен метод перфузионной децеллюляризации печени крысы с анализом основных проблем и вариантов их решения. Перфузия донорской печени 0,1 %-ным раствором додецилсульфата натрия (SDS) позволяет получить качественный бесклеточный матрикс, характеризующийся сохранностью печеночной архитектоники, проходимостью сосудистого русла, остаточной ДНК менее 1 %, отсутствием признаков деструкции коллагеновых волокон и тканевого отека. Полученный предложенным методом скаффолд может использоваться для рецеллюляризации аллогенными клеточными культурами при создании объемных тканеинженерных конструкций

Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polyester by Interaction of Betulonic Acid Chloride with Polyvinyl Alcohol in Conditions of Interphase Catalysis

Разработан новый способ получения водорастворимой формы бетулоновой кислоты в виде её сложного эфира с поливиниловым спиртом в условиях межфазного катализа. Определены оптимальные условия ацилирования поливинилового спирта хлорангидридом бетулоновой кислоты и найдены катализаторы, позволяющие получить водорастворимый сложный полиэфир с выходом 47 %New method of water soluble ester of betulonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol synthesis in conditions of interphase catalysis was developed. Betulonic acid chloride was used for polyvinyl alcohol acetylation. Optimal conditions of betulonic acid chloride interaction with polyvinyl alcohol and effective phasetransfer catalysts were found which make it possible to obtain the soluble ester with yield to 47

Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polyester by Interaction of Betulonic Acid Chloride with Polyvinyl Alcohol in Conditions of Interphase Catalysis

Разработан новый способ получения водорастворимой формы бетулоновой кислоты в виде её сложного эфира с поливиниловым спиртом в условиях межфазного катализа. Определены оптимальные условия ацилирования поливинилового спирта хлорангидридом бетулоновой кислоты и найдены катализаторы, позволяющие получить водорастворимый сложный полиэфир с выходом 47 %New method of water soluble ester of betulonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol synthesis in conditions of interphase catalysis was developed. Betulonic acid chloride was used for polyvinyl alcohol acetylation. Optimal conditions of betulonic acid chloride interaction with polyvinyl alcohol and effective phasetransfer catalysts were found which make it possible to obtain the soluble ester with yield to 47

Is the Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction Related to the Siberian Traps?

Abstract: The Siberian Traps are believed to play an essential role in the Permian–Triassic extinction event, although the link between these events is unclear. Plume ascent, its interaction with the lithosphere, and crustal rocks are considered as sources of volatile components that trigger mass extinction. Reliable estimations of the volumes of gases released during the basalt magma degassing that formed typical traps are few. In this work, the volatile contents in the parental melt of the Southern Maslovsky intrusion, which is a part of the PGE–Cu–Ni Maslovsky deposit in the Norilsk district in the Northwest Siberian Platform, were determined. The studied intrusion belongs to the ore-bearing Norilsk intrusive complex, which is coeval to the Morongovsky–Mokulaevsky Formations of the Siberian flood basalt province. The objects of this study were 8 silicate-melt inclusions in olivines from picritic gabbro-dolerites and 68 inclusions in clinopyroxenes, and 2 inclusions in olivines from olivine-bearing gabbro-dolerites. The composition of the parental melt in terms of major and trace element abundances was close to the main stage of the platform magmatism. The average volatile contents in melt inclusions were as follows: 4500 ppm H2O and Cl 1333 ppm, followed by trace amounts of F 387 ppm, S 743 ppm, CO2 1279 ppm, and B 4.18 ppm, typical of within-plate magmas. In addition, the contacts of igneous rocks with sedimentary deposits (carbonate-terrigenous rocks and coals) demonstrate the occurrence of narrow zones of alteration and the absence of a significant volume of gases that could influence the process of species extinction. There is no strict evidence of the influence of the Siberian traps on the Permian–Triassic mass extinction