439 research outputs found
Bounded fitness landscapes and the evolution of the linguistic diversity
A simple spatial computer simulation model was recently introduced to study
the evolution of the linguistic diversity. The model considers processes of
selective geographic colonization, linguistic anomalous diffusion and mutation.
In the approach, we ascribe to each language a fitness function which depends
on the number of people that speak that language. Here we extend the
aforementioned model to examine the role of saturation of the fitness on the
language dynamics. We found that the dependence of the linguistic diversity on
the area after colonization displays a power law regime with a nontrivial
exponent in very good agreement with the measured exponent associated with the
actual distribution of languages on the Earth.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Three-Dimensional Simulations of a Starburst-Driven Galactic Wind
We have performed a series of three-dimensional simulations of a
starburst-driven wind in an inhomogeneous interstellar medium. The introduction
of an inhomogeneous disk leads to differences in the formation of a wind, most
noticeably the absence of the ``blow-out'' effect seen in homogeneous models. A
wind forms from a series of small bubbles that propagate into the tenuous gas
between dense clouds in the disk. These bubbles merge and follow the path of
least resistance out of the disk, before flowing freely into the halo.
Filaments are formed from disk gas that is broken up and accelerated into the
outflow. These filaments are distributed throughout a biconical structure
within a more spherically distributed hot wind. The distribution of the
inhomogeneous interstellar medium in the disk is important in determining the
morphology of this wind, as well as the distribution of the filaments. While
higher resolution simulations are required in order to ascertain the importance
of mixing processes, we find that soft X-ray emission arises from gas that has
been mass-loaded from clouds in the disk, as well as from bow shocks upstream
of clouds, driven into the flow by the ram pressure of the wind, and the
interaction between these shocks.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figures, mpg movie can be obtained at
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~jcooper/movie/video16.mpg, accepted for
publication in Ap
The 3D Structure of N132D in the LMC: A Late-Stage Young Supernova Remnant
We have used the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS) on the 2.3m telescope at
Siding Spring Observatory to map the [O III] 5007{\AA} dynamics of the young
oxygen-rich supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud. From the
resultant data cube, we have been able to reconstruct the full 3D structure of
the system of [O III] filaments. The majority of the ejecta form a ring of
~12pc in diameter inclined at an angle of 25 degrees to the line of sight. We
conclude that SNR N132D is approaching the end of the reverse shock phase
before entering the fully thermalized Sedov phase of evolution. We speculate
that the ring of oxygen-rich material comes from ejecta in the equatorial plane
of a bipolar explosion, and that the overall shape of the SNR is strongly
influenced by the pre-supernova mass loss from the progenitor star. We find
tantalizing evidence of a polar jet associated with a very fast oxygen-rich
knot, and clear evidence that the central star has interacted with one or more
dense clouds in the surrounding ISM.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Astrophysics & Space Science, 18pp, 8
figure
The Aharonov-Bohm effect for an exciton
We study theoretically the exciton absorption on a ring shreded by a magnetic
flux. For the case when the attraction between electron and hole is
short-ranged we get an exact solution of the problem. We demonstrate that,
despite the electrical neutrality of the exciton, both the spectral position of
the exciton peak in the absorption, and the corresponding oscillator strength
oscillate with magnetic flux with a period ---the universal flux
quantum. The origin of the effect is the finite probability for electron and
hole, created by a photon at the same point, to tunnel in the opposite
directions and meet each other on the opposite side of the ring.Comment: 13 RevTeX 3.0 pages plus 4 EPS-figures, changes include updated
references and an improved chapter on possible experimental realization
De la faille alpine à la fosse de Puysegur (Nouvelle-Zélande) : résultats de la campagne de cartographie multifaisceaux GEODYNZ-SUD, Leg 2
Le Leg 2 de la campagne GEODYNZ-SUD, menée au SW de la Nouvelle-Zélande, a permis de reconnaître les structures qui accompagnent du Nord au Sud le passage de la faille alpine à la subduction oblique sous la marge du Fiodland, puis à celle naissante, intra-océanique sous la ride de Macquarie. Au Nord et au-dessus de la plaque australienne subductée vers l'Est, un faisceau longitudinal de décrochements converge vers le système transpressif de la faille alpine en découpant la marge continentale. Au Sud, la déformation décrochante est strictement localisée au sommet de la ride de Macquarie. (Résumé d'auteur
Photonic realization of the relativistic Kronig-Penney model and relativistic Tamm surface states
Photonic analogues of the relativistic Kronig-Penney model and of
relativistic surface Tamm states are proposed for light propagation in fibre
Bragg gratings (FBGs) with phase defects. A periodic sequence of phase slips in
the FBG realizes the relativistic Kronig-Penney model, the band structure of
which being mapped into the spectral response of the FBG. For the semi-infinite
FBG Tamm surface states can appear and can be visualized as narrow resonance
peaks in the transmission spectrum of the grating
Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.2: Exact world-sheet S-matrix
We review the derivation of the S-matrix for planar N=4 supersymmetric
Yang-Mills theory and type IIB superstring theory on an AdS5xS5 background.
After deriving the S-matrix for the su(2) and su(3) sectors at the one-loop
level based on coordinate Bethe ansatz, we show how su(2|2) symmetry leads to
the exact asymptotic S-matrix up to an overall scalar function. We then briefly
review the spectrum of bound states by relating these states to simple poles of
the S-matrix. Finally, we review the derivation of the asymptotic Bethe
equations, which can be used to determine the asymptotic multiparticle
spectrum.Comment: 20 pages, see also overview article arXiv:1012.3982, v2: references
to other chapters updated, v3: references added and minor change
Determinant representation for some transition probabilities in the TASEP with second class particles
We study the transition probabilities for the totally asymmetric simple
exclusion process (TASEP) on the infinite integer lattice with a finite, but
arbitrary number of first and second class particles. Using the Bethe ansatz we
present an explicit expression of these quantities in terms of the Bethe wave
function. In a next step it is proved rigorously that this expression can be
written in a compact determinantal form for the case where the order of the
first and second class particles does not change in time. An independent
geometrical approach provides insight into these results and enables us to
generalize the determinantal solution to the multi-class TASEP.Comment: Minor revision; journal reference adde
A New Computational Fluid Dynamics Code I: Fyris Alpha
A new hydrodynamics code aimed at astrophysical applications has been
developed. The new code and algorithms are presented along with a comprehensive
suite of test problems in one, two, and three dimensions.
The new code is shown to be robust and accurate, equalling or improving upon
a set of comparison codes. Fyris Alpha will be made freely available to the
scientific community.Comment: 59 pages, 27 figures For associated code see
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/fyri
Enhancement of pair correlation in a one-dimensional hybridization model
We propose an integrable model of one-dimensional (1D) interacting electrons
coupled with the local orbitals arrayed periodically in the chain. Since the
local orbitals are introduced in a way that double occupation is forbidden, the
model keeps the main feature of the periodic Anderson model with an interacting
host. For the attractive interaction, it is found that the local orbitals
enhance the effective mass of the Cooper-pair-like singlets and also the pair
correlation in the ground state. However, the persistent current is depressed
in this case. For the repulsive interaction case, the Hamiltonian is
non-Hermitian but allows Cooper pair solutions with small momenta, which are
induced by the hybridization between the extended state and the local orbitals.Comment: 11 page revtex, no figur
- …