Reproductive and productive efficiencies of Etawah Grade goats under various mating managements

Thirty six Etawah Grade (PE) goats were treated with three type of mating managements, i.e. mated at the first oestrous (A), mated at the second oestrous (B), and mated at the third oestrous (C) after parturition, respectively . Results showed that average first estrous was 56 days (26-99 d) after parturition with estrous cycle of 21 days . Conception rate at the first and second oestrous mating managements (A and B) were 50 and 70%, respectively . Variability of birth weight (3,4 - 3,5 kg) under three mating managements were not significantly different (P>0 .05), but the weaning weight of kids of B (16 .4 kg) was higher (P<0.05) than A (11 .8 kg) and C (12.9 kg), respectively. Does productivity (total weaning weight) was not significantly affected by mating management, i.e. at fisrt, second or third oestrous after parturition .   Keywords : Goats, mating management, productivit

Efficacy of concentration of egg yolk in Tris extender with and without seminal plasma on frozen semen quality of Saanen bucks

Bucks semen is easily damaged compared to bull semen during cryopreservation process. Consequently, frozen semen quality decrease especially motility, live sperm, intact plasma membrane, and intact acrosomal cap after thawing. Objectives of this research was to evaluate the effect of egg yolk concentration in Tris extender with and without seminal plasma in maintaing frozen semen quality of Saanen buck. Four heads of Saanen buck of 2-4 years old were used in this experiment. Semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina. Experimental design applied was factorial complete random desing 2x2, viz. A factor was seminal plasma (A1 = with seminal plasma and A2 = without seminal plasma), and B factor was concentration of egg yolk (B1 = 10% and B2 = 20%). Duncan test were applied to identity differences between treatment. Result of these study indicated that the mean percentage of motility (M), live sperm (LS), sperm with intact plasma membrane (IPM) and intact acrosomal cap (IAC) after dilution and equilibration were not significantly different (P0.05) in all treatment. After thawing, the mean percentage of M, LS sperm with IPM and IAC in A1 treatment (41.43, 51.52, 56.63 and 50.35% respectively) were significantly higher (P0.05) than A2 treatment (37.14; 48.67; 52.31 and 45.09% respectively). Likewise, the mean percentage of M, LS, sperm with IPM and IAC in B2 treatment (41.79; 51.32; 55.78 and 49.50% respectively) were significantly higher (P0.05) than B1 treatment (36.79, 48.86; 53.16 and 45.94% respectively). There were a significant interaction between factors of seminal plasma and concentration egg yolk in Tris extender, where the increase of egg yolk concentration from 10% to 20% in unwashed seminal plasma treatment caused increase in percentages of M, LS, sperm with IPM and IAC. On the other hand in washed seminal plasma treatment there were a trend of decreasing frozen semen quality. It is concluded that the combination of 20% egg yolk in Tris extender with seminal plasma is effective in maintaining frozen semen quality of Saanen bucks. Key Words: Saanen Bucks, Semen Quality, Egg Yolk, Seminal Plasm

Production response of Etawah cross breed (PE) doe due to improvement of feeding management during late pregnancy and lactation period

An experiment was caried out to study the protein requirement for Etawah cross breed. Thirty Etawah cross breed does were used in this study (average body weight 37.6+3.5 kg) and randomized to obtain one of three treatments. The treatments were the protein content of concentrate supplement. The protein levels were R1 (CP 16%), R2 (CP 22%) and R3 (CP 26%). The concentrate supplements were offered during late pregnancy and early (first 3 months) lactation period. The study showed that dry matter intake during pregnancy and early lactation period was not affected by treatments. The highest average daily gain during late pregnancy reached by R3 (66.45 g/day) which was not significantly different with R2 (61.9 g/day) and R1 (48.8 g/day). The highest total birth weight per does was achieved by R2 (6.05 kg). Average daily milk production was not affected by treatment. The production at first week of lactation was 1,044.5 g/day and decreased to 466.7 g/day in week 11. R2 produced the highest average daily gain (107.8 g/day) preweaning per does, while R1 and R3 was 84 and 84.4 g/day, respectively.   Key words : Etawah cross breed (PE), pregnancy period, lactation period, protein level

Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah Yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi Fermentasi

Rice straw as one of agriculture by product has low nutritive value. Fermentation of rice straw increased its nutrient digestibility and palatability. Present experiments aimed to study the effect of feeding rations composed of concentrate and ground fermented rice straw supplemented with urea and probiotic. The first trial was conducted to study the apparent digestibility of experimental diets in 18 Etawah-grade bucks with 1-1.5 year age and initial body weight of 30.18 ± 8.38 kg. The second trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding experimental rations on reproduction, milk yield and its quality in 24 Etawah-grade does with 1 to 3 years age and initial weight of 35.75 ± 5.72 kg. The rations were as follows; KJP = concentrate + chopped fermented rice straw; KJG = concentrate + ground fermented rice straw; KRG = concentrate + elephant grass. A completely randomized design was applied in both nutrient digestibility and performance trials. In both trials, the rations were offered twice daily. Does and kids were weighted once in two week. Does were milked manually once a week for 3 months post partum. Milk was sampled for determination of its specific gravity, protein, fat and solid content. Gestation length, litter size, birth weigth and weaned weight were recorded. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake, and apparent digestibility of DM did not differ significantly among treatments. However, apparent digestibility of CP in goat offered KJG was lower (P < 0.05) than those of KRG and KJP. DM and CP intake of does was higher (P < 0.05) for the KRG treatment but those were not differ between KJP and KJG treatments. Gestation length, litter size, the body weight of does during pregnancy and lactation, the body weight of kids from birth to weaning, milk yield and quality of milk were not different ammong tretaments. These results suggested that fermented rice straw can be used to substitute the elephant grass

Gelatin Characteristics of Bali Cattle Skin Protein Extract on Acetic Acid Concentration and Different Length of Curing

Gelatin Production of Bali cattle skin protein extract is an alternative to obtain permitted gelatin. The objective of the research was to know the effect of concentration and different acetic acid curing time to gelatin characteristic of the animal skin and to determine the best of the characteristic. Indicators of them were pH value, the yield of gelatin, moisture content, protein, fat, viscosity and gel strength. The extraction of Bali cattle skin protein was conducted with curing for 2; 4; and 6 days and acetic acid on concentration 2%; 4%; 6% and 8%. Statistical analyzed showed that increase of acetic acid concentration and curing time and its interaction was significant (P&lt;0.05) affected the quality of the animal skin gelatin. Index of effectiveness showed that the best treatments combination was on acetic acid concentration 8% and curing time 6 days (A4C3) in produced gelatin. Indicator of quality were yield of gelatin (11.91%); water concentration (10%); protein (88.13%); fat (0.98%) and viscosity (5.35 cP). It can be concluded that the increase of acetic acid concentration and curing time affected quantity and quality of the animal skin gelatin

Improvement of frozen semen quality of Garut Sheep through the addition of α-tocopherol into yolk egg-skim milk diluent

The sperm is very fragile to lipid peroxide reaction, that it can easily broken during the process of freezing. To eliminate this consequences an antioxidant agent added into the extender. A research was done to observe the effect of antioxidant agent α-tocoferrol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) presence in the extender on the quality of frozen semen. Once week, semen from six male Garut sheep ages about 2.5 years old was collected using artificial vagina and egg yolk skim-milk diluent used as the extender. The semen were treated in egg yolk skim-milk diluent without antioxidant as control, in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with α- tocoferrol 0,2 g/100 ml diluent and in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with butylated hydroxytoluene 0,2 g/100 ml diluent. The after thawing observation shown that in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with α- tocoferrol had life percentage (75.0 ± 3.5% vs 64.8 ± 7.8%) and membrane intact percentage (65.8 ± 6.8 % vs 55.2 ± 8.3%) significantly higher than control (P0,05) but insignificantly different from with BHT addition. The presence of α-tocoferrol in the diluent, the motility percentage consideraly higher (P0.05) than (45.8 ± 3.8%) using BHT addition (40.0 ± 4.5%) but not different from control (41.7 ± 4.1%); while acrosomal intake percentage after α-tocoferrol (54.8% ± 3.3%) expressively higher (p,0.05) than BHT addition (49.7 ± 3.6%) or control (49.8 ± 3.5%). In conclusion the presence of α-tocoferrol in the diluent could improve the quality of Garut sheep frozen semen. Key words: Antioxidant, sperm, Garut shee

Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi Fermentasi

Rice straw as one of agriculture by product has low nutritive value. Fermentation of rice straw increased its nutrient digestibility and palatability. Present experiments aimed to study the effect of feeding rations composed of concentrate and ground fermented rice straw supplemented with urea and probiotic. The first trial was conducted to study the apparent digestibility of experimental diets in 18 Etawah-grade bucks with 1-1.5 year age and initial body weight of 30.18 ± 8.38 kg. The second trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding experimental rations on reproduction, milk yield and its quality in 24 Etawah-grade does with 1 to 3 years age and initial weight of 35.75 ± 5.72 kg. The rations were as follows; KJP = concentrate + chopped fermented rice straw; KJG = concentrate + ground fermented rice straw; KRG = concentrate + elephant grass. A completely randomized design was applied in both nutrient digestibility and performance trials. In both trials, the rations were offered twice daily. Does and kids were weighted once in two week. Does were milked manually once a week for 3 months post partum. Milk was sampled for determination of its specific gravity, protein, fat and solid content. Gestation length, litter size, birth weigth and weaned weight were recorded. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake, and apparent digestibility of DM did not differ significantly among treatments. However, apparent digestibility of CP in goat offered KJG was lower (P < 0.05) than those of KRG and KJP. DM and CP intake of does was higher (P < 0.05) for the KRG treatment but those were not differ between KJP and KJG treatments. Gestation length, litter size, the body weight of does during pregnancy and lactation, the body weight of kids from birth to weaning, milk yield and quality of milk were not different ammong tretaments. These results suggested that fermented rice straw can be used to substitute the elephant grass. Key words: Goat, straw, fermentation, digestibility, milk, kid

Growth and sexual development of javanese thin-tailed ewe lambs as affected by moderate internal parasite burden

The effect of a moderate burden of internal parasites on growth and sexual development of Javanese thin-tailed (JIT) ewe lambs was studied from weaning at 13 weeks of age to puberty (first oestrus group (T) was infected with third stage mixed larvae comprised of 840 Haemonchus spp., 150 Cooperia spp., 255 Oesophagostomum spp., 240 Tri chostrongylus spp., and 15 Strongyloides spp. The lambs were fed elephant grass and concentrate (Beef0kwik, Cargill) ad lib. throught the experiment period. The result showed that a moderate parasite burden did not significantly influence growth and sexual development of JTT ewe lambs reared under research station conditions. However, group T ewe lambs consumed 8% more feed than group C. The possibility that JTT sheep may have a high resistance to internal parasite warrants further investigation

Growth and sexual development of javanese thin-tailed ewe lambs as affected by moderate internal parasite burden

The effect of a moderate burden of internal parasites on growth and sexual development of Javanese thin-tailed (JIT) ewe lambs was studied from weaning at 13 weeks of age to puberty (first oestrus group (T) was infected with third stage mixed larvae comprised of 840 Haemonchus spp., 150 Cooperia spp., 255 Oesophagostomum spp., 240 Tri chostrongylus spp., and 15 Strongyloides spp. The lambs were fed elephant grass and concentrate (Beef0kwik, Cargill) ad lib. throught the experiment period. The result showed that a moderate parasite burden did not significantly influence growth and sexual development of JTT ewe lambs reared under research station conditions. However, group T ewe lambs consumed 8% more feed than group C. The possibility that JTT sheep may have a high resistance to internal parasite warrants further investigation

The effect of anthelmintic treatment on growth and sexual development of javanese thin-tailed ram lambs reader under village conditions

A n experiment was conducted to determine the effect of internal parasite control, using a broad spectrum anthelmintic (Tetramisole) or a long-acting narrow spectrum anthelmintic (Disophenol) on growth and sexual development of Javanese thin - tailed ram lambs reared underville conditions. Treatment with a broad spectrum anthelmintic for controlling Hemonchus spp., alone did not result in a similar improvement in weight gain (39.8 g/day). The untreated group grew at a rate of 42,2 g/day. Neither anthelmintic treatment nor birth type (single or twins) significantly affect sexual development of lambs under village conditions, though single born ram lambs grew at significantly (P.01) faster rate than those or twins (57.5 vs 31.8 g/day)