Report on citizenship law : Indonesia

It is important to note at the outset that the terms ‘nationality’ and ‘citizenship’ are used interchangeably in this report. Moreover, the terms ‘nationality’ and ‘citizenship’ refer to a ‘politico-legal’ term denoting membership of a state (Weis 1979: 1). The Indonesian citizenship regime has been formed through two fundamental historical processes: “decolonization and the emergence of multi-ethnic states, and postcolonial nation building in a period of emerging globalization” (Hassall 1999: 49). The first process has resulted in an emphasis on citizenship as a ‘boundary’, whereas the second has seen citizenship as a more complicated concept, involving a “site of ideological construction” (ibid.). In the transition period to independence, the socio-political as well as legal character of Indonesia was determined through several competing ideologies of politics, culture, religion and ethnicity. However, it is important to note that during Dutch colonisation, there was a legal policy regulated by Article 163 of the Indische Staatsregeling (the Constitution of the colony of the Dutch East Indies) which created a racial division of the population of the Dutch East Indies into three categories: Europeans and its equivalent group (mostly Christians); far eastern (mainly Chinese and Arabs); and indigenous people (pribumi).1 Unsurprisingly, the Indonesian citizenship regime has, thus, been heavily characterised by nationalism, rather than any other issues such as culture.Research for the 2016/2017 GLOBALCIT Reports has been supported by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme, the EUI Research Council, and the British Academy Research Project CITMODES (co-directed by the EUI and the University of Edinburgh)

Complaint Handling Systems In The Public Sector: A Comparative Analysis Between Indonesia and Australia

This article deals primarily with complaint handling system with reference to an ombudsman that established by the government as opposed to the private ombudsman variety in Indonesia and Australia’s jurisdictions. In practice, group of people or persons have often arisen complaints or grievances in public service, and it requires solutions. It is widely known that the Ombudsman office has long been regarded as an effective office in resolving people complaint. This is mainly because the nature of the Ombudsman as an independent and impartial institution. This article argues that regardless of the different context of introduction of an ombudsman in Indonesia and Australia because of different political and social context, however, the performance of ombudsman in both countries has showed significant role in enhancing public services through their expanded mandates and stronger powers

Pengisian Jabatan Hakim: Kebutuhan Reformasi dan Pengekangan Diri

For more than 30 years, a discourse regarding the selection of judges has become a hot issue around the world for several reasons. It is mainly related to the primary function of the courts to resolve disputes that may affect the lives of individuals and society. Problems posed, first, how filling the positions of justices and judges in the Indonesian constitution of post-reform? Second, how is the ideal concept in filling the positions of justices and judges of the constitution? This research is doctrinal, using primary and secondary legal materials, in the form of some legislation, literature and research results which are relevant to the object of research. The approach used in this study is the approach of legislation and conceptual approaches. The study concluded, first, filling the positions of Chief Justice and Judges of the Constitutional shows that it is more politicking because of the participation of the People's Representative Council or Parliament. Secondly, the renewal and principle of self-restraint need to be done by each branch of power to minimize political bias

The Urgency of The Principle of Deliberation Towards Regional Institutions in The Perspective of The State of Pancasila Law

The problem has not been applied optimally and optimally to the principle of deliberation, besides the need for structuring regional institutions so that they can run effectively and efficiently so it needs to be studied from the perspective of the state theory of Pancasila law. The research method used is normative juridical. The results showed that the urgency of regional institutions that refer to the principle of deliberation by remembering that Indonesia is a State of Pancasila Law, one of which needs to practice consultative values, it becomes necessary to construct regional institutions. The RIA method needs to be carried out to consider the costs and benefits in maximizing the implementation of ideal regional autonomy by elaborating on the arrangement of inefficient regional institutions so that they can be implemented optimally

POLITIK HUKUM KEWARGANEGARAAN INDONESIA: STUDI TERHADAP STATUS WARGANEGARA YANG MENJADI FOREIGN TERORIST FIGHTERS (FTF) ISIS

Government policy reflects the extent to which Indonesian citizenship law accommodates the issue of Foreign Terrorist Fighter (FTF)s, as well as future projections of what can be done against FTF based on related laws and regulations, especially those related to citizenship laws. The method used in this study is normative juridical, with data collection through literature study. The results showed that the citizenship status of Foreign Terrorist Fighters from Indonesia based on a human rights perspective, the state can only revoke a person's citizenship based on a court decision. A person's citizenship status is a fundamental right, and a precious right, therefore, the rights of every citizen must be recognized, respected, protected, facilitated, and fulfilled by the state. In solving the problem of citizenship status of former FTF from Indonesia, it is necessary to improve performance and cooperation in the deradicalization process by all elements of the Government and Law Enforcement Officers commanded by the National Counterterrorism Agency and the development of sterile area infrastructure with a high security system to carry out the deradicalization process while carrying out the FTF citizenship status determination trial process. Keywords: Law, Citizenship, Foreign Terrorist Fighters.Kebijakan pemerintah mencerminkan sejauh mana hukum kewarganegaraan Indonesia mengakomodir persoalan Foreign Terorist Fighters (FTF), sekaligus proyeksi kedepan apa yang dapat dilakukan terhadap FTF  berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, khususnya berkaitan dengan Undang-undang Kewarganegaraan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kewarganegaraan FTF asal Indonesia berdasarkan persepektif Hak Asasi Manusia, negara hanya boleh mencabut kewarganegaraan seseorang atas dasar putusan pengadilan. Status kewarganegaraan seseorang adalah hak fundamental, dan hak berharga (precious rights) maka dari itu, hak setiap warga negara wajib diakui (recognized), dihormati (respected), dilindungi (protected), difasilitasi (facilitated), dan dipenuhi oleh negara. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah status kewarganegaran mantan FTF asal Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja dan kerjasama dalam proses deradikalisasi oleh seluruh elemen Pemerintahan dan Aparat Penegak Hukum dengan dikomandoi oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) serta pembangunan infrastruktur kawasan steril dengan system keamanan tinggi untuk melakukan proses deradikalisasi sembari menjalankan proses persidangan penentuan status kewarganegaraan FTF. Kata Kunci: Hukum, Kewarganegaraan, Foreign Terorist Fighters

POLITIK HUKUM KEWARGANEGARAAN INDONESIA: STUDI TERHADAP STATUS WARGANEGARA YANG MENJADI FOREIGN TERORIST FIGHTERS (FTF) ISIS

Government policy reflects the extent to which Indonesian citizenship law accommodates the issue of Foreign Terrorist Fighter (FTF)s, as well as future projections of what can be done against FTF based on related laws and regulations, especially those related to citizenship laws. The method used in this study is normative juridical, with data collection through literature study. The results showed that the citizenship status of Foreign Terrorist Fighters from Indonesia based on a human rights perspective, the state can only revoke a person's citizenship based on a court decision. A person's citizenship status is a fundamental right, and a precious right, therefore, the rights of every citizen must be recognized, respected, protected, facilitated, and fulfilled by the state. In solving the problem of citizenship status of former FTF from Indonesia, it is necessary to improve performance and cooperation in the deradicalization process by all elements of the Government and Law Enforcement Officers commanded by the National Counterterrorism Agency and the development of sterile area infrastructure with a high security system to carry out the deradicalization process while carrying out the FTF citizenship status determination trial process. Keywords: Law, Citizenship, Foreign Terrorist Fighters.Kebijakan pemerintah mencerminkan sejauh mana hukum kewarganegaraan Indonesia mengakomodir persoalan Foreign Terorist Fighters (FTF), sekaligus proyeksi kedepan apa yang dapat dilakukan terhadap FTF  berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, khususnya berkaitan dengan Undang-undang Kewarganegaraan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kewarganegaraan FTF asal Indonesia berdasarkan persepektif Hak Asasi Manusia, negara hanya boleh mencabut kewarganegaraan seseorang atas dasar putusan pengadilan. Status kewarganegaraan seseorang adalah hak fundamental, dan hak berharga (precious rights) maka dari itu, hak setiap warga negara wajib diakui (recognized), dihormati (respected), dilindungi (protected), difasilitasi (facilitated), dan dipenuhi oleh negara. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah status kewarganegaran mantan FTF asal Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja dan kerjasama dalam proses deradikalisasi oleh seluruh elemen Pemerintahan dan Aparat Penegak Hukum dengan dikomandoi oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) serta pembangunan infrastruktur kawasan steril dengan system keamanan tinggi untuk melakukan proses deradikalisasi sembari menjalankan proses persidangan penentuan status kewarganegaraan FTF. Kata Kunci: Hukum, Kewarganegaraan, Foreign Terorist Fighters

POLITIK HUKUM KEWARGANEGARAAN INDONESIA: STUDI TERHADAP STATUS WARGANEGARA YANG MENJADI FOREIGN TERORIST FIGHTERS (FTF) ISIS

Government policy reflects the extent to which Indonesian citizenship law accommodates the issue of Foreign Terrorist Fighter (FTF)s, as well as future projections of what can be done against FTF based on related laws and regulations, especially those related to citizenship laws. The method used in this study is normative juridical, with data collection through literature study. The results showed that the citizenship status of Foreign Terrorist Fighters from Indonesia based on a human rights perspective, the state can only revoke a person's citizenship based on a court decision. A person's citizenship status is a fundamental right, and a precious right, therefore, the rights of every citizen must be recognized, respected, protected, facilitated, and fulfilled by the state. In solving the problem of citizenship status of former FTF from Indonesia, it is necessary to improve performance and cooperation in the deradicalization process by all elements of the Government and Law Enforcement Officers commanded by the National Counterterrorism Agency and the development of sterile area infrastructure with a high security system to carry out the deradicalization process while carrying out the FTF citizenship status determination trial process. Keywords: Law, Citizenship, Foreign Terrorist Fighters.Kebijakan pemerintah mencerminkan sejauh mana hukum kewarganegaraan Indonesia mengakomodir persoalan Foreign Terorist Fighters (FTF), sekaligus proyeksi kedepan apa yang dapat dilakukan terhadap FTF  berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, khususnya berkaitan dengan Undang-undang Kewarganegaraan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kewarganegaraan FTF asal Indonesia berdasarkan persepektif Hak Asasi Manusia, negara hanya boleh mencabut kewarganegaraan seseorang atas dasar putusan pengadilan. Status kewarganegaraan seseorang adalah hak fundamental, dan hak berharga (precious rights) maka dari itu, hak setiap warga negara wajib diakui (recognized), dihormati (respected), dilindungi (protected), difasilitasi (facilitated), dan dipenuhi oleh negara. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah status kewarganegaran mantan FTF asal Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja dan kerjasama dalam proses deradikalisasi oleh seluruh elemen Pemerintahan dan Aparat Penegak Hukum dengan dikomandoi oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) serta pembangunan infrastruktur kawasan steril dengan system keamanan tinggi untuk melakukan proses deradikalisasi sembari menjalankan proses persidangan penentuan status kewarganegaraan FTF. Kata Kunci: Hukum, Kewarganegaraan, Foreign Terorist Fighters

Artikel Kehormatan: Saat Rakyat Bicara: Demokrasi dan Kesejahteraan

Abstrak Secara tradisional, kesejahteraan adalah suatu kepercayaan bahwa kesejahteraan sosial merupakan tanggung jawab dari masyarakat dan tanggung jawab ini harus dipenuhi oleh pemerintah yang dilaksanakan dalam bentuk negara atau sistem pemerintahan. Demokrasi masih dipandang sebagai sistem yang paling sesuai dalam rangka tercapainya kesejahteraan sosial karena demokrasi memberikan jalan bagi rakyat untuk berbicara. Namun, pada praktiknya demokrasi oleh masyarakat awam kerapkali diartikan sebagai pemerintah yang sebenarnya lebih menekankan kepada demokrasi politik. Artikel ini akan memperlihatkan bagaimana kesejahteraan sosial dianalisis secara akurat dari pemikiran mengenai demokrasi sosial yang berjalan beriringan dengan model demokrasi konsensus sebagai dasar fundamental dalam menghadapi peristiwa negara dan pemerintahan. Abstract Traditionally, Welfarism is the belief that social well-being is the responsibility of a community which could only be realized through state or governmental management. It is still believed that Democracy is the most proper system in achieving social welfare, since it permits the people of a country to speak. In practice, however, Democracy is only understood as a system that gives the governmental rights to the majority of the people. This article, thus, will argue that social wel fare is more precisely analyzed through the notion of Social-Democracy, which goes hand-in-hand with the consensus model of Democracy as a fundamental base in carrying out state and governmental affairs

Urgensi Pengujian Formil di Indonesia : Pengujian Legitimasi dan Validitas

Penilaian konstitusionalitas norma merupakan mekanisme control yang dilakukan terhadap prosedur pembentukan (pengujian formil) dan substansi norma (pengujian materil). Hal ini menjadi konsekuensi dari sebuah negara hukum yang berkonstitusi. Perkara pengujian formil telah sering terjadi di Indonesia, namun pemahaman dan pengaturannya masih ralatif belum konsisten sebagaimana pengujian materil. Salah satu dugaan mengapa kondisi ini terjadi adalah karena minimnya pengaturan mengenai prosedur pembentukan undang- undang di dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 yang merupakan batu uji di dalam proses pengujian formil. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba untuk menjawab hakekat atau urgensi dari pengujian formil dengan mempertanyakan apa yang diuji oleh Mahakamah Konstitusi dalam pengujian formil? Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian doktrinal yang menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan kasus pengujian formil di Indonesia, Kolumbia dan Afrika Selatan. Pemilihan perkara dilakukan sebagaimana metode perbandingan hukum fungsional, yang turut mempertimbangkan faktor non-hukum seperti sosial dan politik yang mempengaruhi suatu norma. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pengujian formil berfungsi sebagai ...urugensi pengujian formil adalah memastikan bahwa undang-undang yang dihasilkan oleh organ pembentuknya telah memenuhi aspek legitimasi dan validitas. Legitimasi terwujud melalui partisipasi yang bermakna, senangkan validitas hadir dari kesesuaian pembentukan undang-undang dengan prosedurnya dan dapat dibuktikan secara materil bukan sekedar pemenuhan syarat formil

STUDI KRITIS EKSAMINASI PUBLIK DALAM MENGAWASI PUTUSAN HAKIM PERKARA KORUPSI

Eksaminasi publik terhadap putusan perkara korupsi kerap dilakukan oleh lembaga swadaya masyarakat dan lembaga kajian di Fakultas Hukum. Ada tiga lembaga yang menyelenggarakan eksaminasi publik terhadap putusan praperadilan BG, dimana rekomendasi hasil eksaminasi publik dari ketiga lembaga tersebut diabaikan oleh Mahkamah Agung. Penelitian ini dibatasi dengan dua identifikasi masalah: bagaimana pelaksanaan eksaminasi publik terhadap putusan praperadilan BG yang dilakukan oleh ICW, LKBH FH Unand, dan MaPPI FH UI; dan bagaimana upaya penguatan eksistensi eksaminasi publik agar dapat diperhatikan oleh Mahkamah Agung. Kedua identifikasi masalah tersebut dijawab menggunakan metode pendekatan sosio-legal, menggunakan spesifikasi penelitian evaluatif dan deskriptif analitis, serta menggunakan data sekunder (studi kepustakaan) yang didukung oleh data primer (wawancara). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dua hal, yaitu pertama, pelaksanaan eksaminasi publik yang dilakukan oleh ketiga lembaga tersebut menghasilkan hasil yang sama, yaitu menilai hakim praperadilan telah keliru dalam melakukan penemuan/penerobosan hukum untuk memperluas ruang lingkup upaya paksa. Namun, komposisi majelis eksaminator pada MaPPI FH UI bersifat internalistik dan teknokratis; Kedua, upaya penguatan eksistensi eksaminasi publik dapat dimuat klausul akomodasi hasil eksaminasi publik di dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung