Identification of Fishermen Household’s Adaptive Capacity in Responding to Climate Change Impacts (A Case Study of Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia)

Climate change affects the uncertainty of oceanographic condition that has an impact on the marine fisheries, such as changes in fishing areas, winds, and extreme waves. As an archipelagic country, the majority of Indonesian cities are in the coastal area whose the community’s livelihood depends on marine fishery activities. Climate change impacts the coastal community who engages in fishery activities are now being vulnerable group towards climate change. This condition is also experienced by fishermen in Muncar District, the second biggest fishery port in Indonesia. It is necessary to enhance fishermen household’s adaptive capacity which is the key to region’s resilience. This research focuses on adaptive capacity assessment by formulating criteria and indicators based on the expert's theories review. The method that is used in this research is statistic descriptive based on a questionnaire which distributed to 120 households samples. This research also views perception of fishermen on climate change impacts and on how Local Government Units (LGUs) and Community Organizations (COs)support the increase of fishermen household’s adaptive capacity. The result of the assessment showed that 56% of households have ‘medium’ adaptive capacity, 34% of them are in ‘low’ adaptive capacity, and 10% households are in ‘high’ adaptive capacity. The LGUs and COs gives a high endorsement to households to increase their adaptive capacity. The result of this study can be taken into consideration in formulating the strategies to enhance fishermen household’s adaptive capacity in order to realize the resilient fishermen households socially and economically

Penerapan Prinsip Ekowisata dalam Penyelenggaraan Pariwisata Alam di Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Kawah Ijen

Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Kawah Ijen merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata unggulan nasional. Sebagai kawasan konservasi, prinsip ekowisata harus dipenuhi untuk dapat mengakomodasi peruntukan pariwisata dan fungsi konservasinya. Hal ini untuk meminimalkan potensi dampak negatif dari semakin meningkatnya pengunjung TWA Kawah Ijen. Tulisan ini memaparkan kajian penerapan prinsip ekowisata di TWA Kawah Ijen dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik ekowisata di TWA Kawah Ijen belum memenuhi prinsip ekowisata secara menyeluruh. Pelaksanaan ekowisata di kawasan tersebut cenderung memenuhi prinsip kedua, yaitu peningkatan sosial ekonomi masyarakat lokal melalui pelibatan masyarakat, sedangkan prinsip konservasi dan prinsip edukasi masih belum terlaksana dengan baik.   Kata Kunci: ekowisata, konservasi, pariwisata berkelanjutan, taman wisata ala

KAJIAN KAPASITAS RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP BENCANA KABUT ASAP DI KELURAHAN BANSIR DARAT, KOTA PONTIANAK

Forest and land fires (karhutla) in Indonesia cause environmental degradation, economic losses and health problems. The phenomenon of Strong El Nino becomes a natural factor that exacerbates the condition of karhutla, efforts to reduce the risk of karhutla by preventing, reducing and tackling the karhutla continue to be pursued by the government. The haze of karhutla becomes a problem in itself, the extent of exposed areas and dangerous particles disrupt the activities of the community, especially health problems. Disaster risk reduction efforts can be done by increasing capacity, while one type of capacity in the community is household capacity. The purpose of this study is to review the capacity of households in the face of smoke haze karhutla, the location chosen to conduct the study is Kelurahan Bansir Darat, Pontianak City-West Kalimantan. The discussion begins with determining the criteria of household capacity, the data sampling technique is non probability sampling in the form of systematic sampling through questionnaire amounting to 110 and the method of data analysis is done quantitatively descriptive and quantitative associations. Identified household characteristics were age group, occupation group and settlement type, household capacity calculation showed that 21.82% were ready, 28.18% were not ready and 50.00% were adequately prepared for the disaster, found significant relationship between work groups with household capacity and type of settlement with household capacity

An Integrated Model for Managing Land Contaminated with Mercury due to Small-Scale Gold Mining in Lebak Regency, from the Perspective of Regional Development

Managing land contaminated with mercury due to artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia generally follows an engineering approach. Meanwhile, there is a high level of community dependence on the contaminated land and the gold mining activities using mercury, directly and indirectly. Therefore, an engineering approach cannot solve the complex problem of managing mercury in Indonesia. Moreover, engineering approaches do not address the root problems of ASGM, i.e., poverty and the need for jobs that offer a higher income than agriculture. The implication of this is that the implementation of land restoration may not succeed without a comprehensive study of socio-economic and regional aspects. This is because of the chance that communities will reject the transition from mercury-based livelihoods. To deal with this problem, this study assessed the management of mercury using a transdisciplinary approach and participatory action research (PAR), involving multi-disciplinary experts in developing mercury restoration plans based on an integrated model that considers engineering, socio-economic, regional, and legal aspects. The empirical part of this study was based on a survey in Lebak Regency, one of the regions in Indonesia with the most mercury contamination. The comprehensive research produced a plan for social change, a mercury-free economic plan, and policy recommendations

An Integrated Model for Managing Land Contaminated with Mercury due to Small-Scale Gold Mining in Lebak Regency, from the Perspective of Regional Development

Managing land contaminated with mercury due to artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia generally follows an engineering approach. Meanwhile, there is a high level of community dependence on the contaminated land and the gold mining activities using mercury, directly and indirectly. Therefore, an engineering approach cannot solve the complex problem of managing mercury in Indonesia. Moreover, engineering approaches do not address the root problems of ASGM, i.e., poverty and the need for jobs that offer a higher income than agriculture. The implication of this is that the implementation of land restoration may not succeed without a comprehensive study of socio-economic and regional aspects. This is because of the chance that communities will reject the transition from mercury-based livelihoods. To deal with this problem, this study assessed the management of mercury using a transdisciplinary approach and participatory action research (PAR), involving multi-disciplinary experts in developing mercury restoration plans based on an integrated model that considers engineering, socio-economic, regional, and legal aspects. The empirical part of this study was based on a survey in Lebak Regency, one of the regions in Indonesia with the most mercury contamination. The comprehensive research produced a plan for social change, a mercury-free economic plan, and policy recommendations

Identifying Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation Efforts for Children into the West Java Development Planning

West Java is an Indonesian Province which has a high risk of climate change impacts particularly in terms of increased exposure from many natural disasters. A natural disaster occurs frequently in the West Java Province, making the region vulnerable due to the biggest population in Indonesia it belongs to. Children are the most vulnerable population facing climate change impact because their physiological condition is not fully developed yet. They have a low adaptation ability towards the predicted changes. Therefore, mainstreaming climate change adaptation for children into development planning is important. It is also critical in order to induce more effective adaptation program. This paper analyzes how far the current development plan in the West Java Province reckons child adaptation mainstreaming to climate change. Data collection methods used in this research are the secondary method through the related development plan and the primary method through an in-depth interview to the related government institutions. Based on the analysis results using a content analysis, the region has a potential entry point to mainstream the adaptation of climate change into the development plan, involving seven government institutions. The opportunity of entry point from the West Java development plan is found in Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah/BPLHD (the Regional Environmental Management Agency) work plan. However, among these institutions, it is only BPLHD and the Health Department which almost fulfill all of the institutional capacity components to mainstreaming the adaptation of climate change for children into the West Java development planning. Therefore, both institutions are potentially recommended acting for initiators to induce coordination between the seven government institutions to mainstream the adaptation of climate change for children into the West Java development planning

Implementation of Build Back Better (BBB) Framework in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study: Housing Reconstruction at Duyu Urban Village, Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province

The occurrence of 7.5M earthquake and tsunami in Central Sulawesi in September 2018 resulted in2,045 fatalities and 67,310 damaged houses. In line with RIPBand SDGSs 11, the government has established a masterplan for rehabilitation and reconstruction of Central Sulawesi by adopting the build back better concept. This research triesto analyze the implementation of BBB framework which focuseson reducingthe risk ofhousing reconstruction in Duyu urban village, using the scale and index method. The result shows that the implementation of risk reduction fallsinto a moderate level although some indicators are still in the poor category. In accordance with SDGs, at least four key factorsrelated to disaster mitigation, specificallySDGs 11 –makingcities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable -havebeen successfully achieved,which are: 11.5; 11.b1; 11.b2; and 11.c1. This result indicates that the Duyu housing reconstruction has gone through analysis and consideration ofrisk reduction practicesinvolvingfive variables by adopting the BBB framework in creating community resilience while achieving SDGs in Indonesia

Exploring Historical and Projection of Drought Periods in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia

Climate hazards that affect drought could have an impact on agricultural production. Cirebon Regency as one of West Java's food supply areahas experienced hydrological drought because ofclimate variability. Hence, there were many rice fieldswhich lack of water sources for irrigation and resulted in crop failure. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the historical and projection of drought periods as well as the severity of droughts in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia. Interpretation of weather and climate data and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were employed for methods of this studyby using rainfall data only. Based on baseline data (1986-2017) from Jatiwangi Meteorological Stationand Global Circulation Model (GCM) projection simulation (2020-2045) under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 scenario, the SPI analysis results show that the drought periodsare predicted to shift in the future with increasing drought severity. This study concludes that climate variability that affects future dry rainfall will still happen in uncertain month periods.Therefore, climatic information is needed in the vulnerable area to reduce the potential impactsthat will occur in the future

Exploring Historical and Projection of Drought Periods in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia

Climate hazards that affect drought could have an impact on agricultural production. Cirebon Regency as one of West Java's food supply areahas experienced hydrological drought because ofclimate variability. Hence, there were many rice fieldswhich lack of water sources for irrigation and resulted in crop failure. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the historical and projection of drought periods as well as the severity of droughts in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia. Interpretation of weather and climate data and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were employed for methods of this studyby using rainfall data only. Based on baseline data (1986-2017) from Jatiwangi Meteorological Stationand Global Circulation Model (GCM) projection simulation (2020-2045) under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 scenario, the SPI analysis results show that the drought periodsare predicted to shift in the future with increasing drought severity. This study concludes that climate variability that affects future dry rainfall will still happen in uncertain month periods.Therefore, climatic information is needed in the vulnerable area to reduce the potential impactsthat will occur in the future

POLA KERENTANAN PESISIR INDONESIA TERHADAP DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM SEBAGAI BASIS PERENCANAAN ADAPTASI

Most part of Indonesian coastal areas are vulnerable to inundation potential due to global sea level rise. This inundation is predicted to cause permanent flood and worsen abrasion along coastal zone where many populations live, also will threaten impor-tant infrastructures and economic assets, as well as well known tourism areas. To anticipate these various harming potential impacts, planning of adaptation to climate change is needed. In order to achieve the appropriate and effective adaptation planning, coastal vulnerability pattern needs to be recognized first, so that to suit the region’s characteristics. To recognize this coastal vulnerability pattern, certain similar characteristics need to be found represented by a group of indicators. Therefore, a method of analysis which is able to classify information into a certain group based on several similar characteristics is needed, that is so called as cluster method. By using cluster method and through iterative experiments, this study has succeeded in identifying coastal vulnerability patterns to inundation caused by global sea level rise. The experiments concluded that there are five indicators which clearly control the coastal vulnerability pattern; they are inundation area, infrastructures, population density, built area, and non-settlement area. This study also concludes that of the 325 districts/cities on Indonesian coastal, they can be classified into six patterns of vulnerability. Twenty three districts/cities among them (7.07%) are classified as highly vulnerable cluster, which generally characterized as high inunda-tion ratio value, high infrastructures value, high population density value, high settlement areas value, and low non-settlement areas value. Thus, several adaptation options consist of population control, revision of coastal spatial plans, and adjustment of infra-structures