Comparative cytogenetics of anembryonic pregnancies and missed abortions in human

Miscarriage is an important problem in human reproduction, affecting 10–15 % of clinically recognized pregnancies. The cases of embryonic death can be divided into missed abortion (MA), for which the ultrasound sign of the embryo death is the absence of cardiac activity, and anembryonic pregnancy (AP) without an embryo in the gestational sac. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in extraembryonic tissues detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis of spontaneous abortions depending on the presence or absence of an embryo. This is a retrospective study of 1551 spontaneous abortions analyzed using GTG-banding from 1990 to 2022 (266 cases of AP and 1285 cases of MA). A comparative analysis of the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and the distribution of karyotype frequencies depending on the presence of an embryo in the gestational sac was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test with a p < 0.05 significance level. The total frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in the study was 53.6 % (832/1551). The proportion of abnormal karyotypes in the AP and MA groups did not differ significantly and amounted to 57.1 % (152/266) and 52.9 % (680/1285) for AP and MA, respectively (p = 0.209). Sex chromosome aneuploidies and triploidies were significantly less common in the AP group than in the MA group (2.3 % (6/266) vs 6.8 % (88/1285), p = 0.005 and 4.9 % (13/266) vs 8.9 % (114/1285), p = 0.031, respectively). Tetraploidies were registered more frequently in AP compared to MA (12.4 % (33/266) vs. 8.2 % (106/1285), p = 0.031). The sex ratio among abortions with a normal karyotype was 0.54 and 0.74 for AP and MA, respectively. Thus, although the frequencies of some types of chromosomal pathology differ between AP and MA, the total frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in AP is not increased compared to MA, which indicates the need to search for the causes of AP at other levels of the genome organization, including microstructural chromosomal rearrangements, monogenic mutations, imprinting disorders, and epigenetic abnormalities

Дифференциация результатов оптической биопсии в гинекологии

В роботі розглянуті можливості диференціації диспластичних змін епітелію шийки матки за результатами in vivo флуоресцентної діагностики з метою визначення ділянок слизової для взяття традиційної біопсії у вагітних жінок.In vivo fluorescence diagnosis possibilities for dysplastic lesions differentiation of cervix epithelium have been considered. The goal of fluorescence diagnosis was the precise determination of mucosa areas for routine biopsy taking of pregnant women.В работе рассмотрены возможности дифференциации диспластических изменений эпителия шейки матки по результатам in vivo флуоресцентной диагностики с целью точного определения участков слизистой для взятия традиционной биопсии у беременных женщин

Tribology properties investigation of the thermoplastic elastomers surface with the AFM lateral forces mode

Приведены результаты определения сил и коэффициентов трения между поверхностью модифицированных термоэластопластов и кремниевым наконечником зонда АСМ. Показана зависимость определяемых характеристик от скорости движения зонда. Выполнены исследования изменения Ктр в зависимости от количества циклов сканирования.The results of friction forces and friction coefficients (Ffr and Cfr) determination between the modified thermoplastic elastomers surfaces and the silicon tip of AFM probe are presented. The dependence of Ffr and Cfr on the probe speed is shown. A study of the changes in Cfr depending on the number of scan cycles was made.Работа выполнена при поддержке грантов РФФИ № 16-53-00178 и БРФФИ № Ф16Р-142

A comparison of the radiosensitisation ability of 22 different element metal oxide nanoparticles using clinical megavoltage X-rays

Background: A wide range of nanoparticles (NPs), composed of different elements and their compounds, are being developed by several groups as possible radiosensitisers, with some already in clinical trials. However, no systematic experimental survey of the clinical X-ray radiosensitising potential of different element nanoparticles has been made. Here, we directly compare the irradiation-induced (10 Gy of 6-MV X-ray photon) production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen in aqueous solutions of the following metal oxide nanoparticles: Al2O3, SiO2, Sc2O3, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO2, Fe3O4, CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO2, MoO3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and HfO2. We also examine DNA damage due to these NPs in unirradiated and irradiated conditions. Results: Without any X-rays, several NPs produced more radicals than water alone. Thus, V2O5 NPs produced around 5-times more hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. MnO2 NPs produced around 10-times more superoxide anions and Tb4O7 produced around 3-times more singlet oxygen. Lanthanides produce fewer hydroxyl radicals than water. Following irradiation, V2O5 NPs produced nearly 10-times more hydroxyl radicals than water. Changes in radical concentrations were determined by subtracting unirradiated values from irradiated values. These were then compared with irradiation-induced changes in water only. Irradiation-specific increases in hydroxyl radical were seen with most NPs, but these were only significantly above the values of water for V2O5, while the Lanthanides showed irradiation-specific decreases in hydroxyl radical, compared to water. Only TiO2 showed a trend of irradiation-specific increase in superoxides, while V2O5, MnO2, CoO, CuO, MoO3 and Tb4O7 all demonstrated significant irradiation-specific decreases in superoxide, compared to water. No irradiation-specific increases in singlet oxygen were seen, but V2O5, NiO, CuO, MoO3 and the lanthanides demonstrated irradiation-specific decreases in singlet oxygen, compared to water. MoO3 and CuO produced DNA damage in the absence of radiation, while the highest irradiation-specific DNA damage was observed with CuO. In contrast, MnO2, Fe3O4 and CoO were slightly protective against irradiation-induced DNA damage. Conclusions: Beyond identifying promising metal oxide NP radiosensitisers and radioprotectors, our broad comparisons reveal unexpected differences that suggest the surface chemistry of NP radiosensitisers is an important criterion for their success

Robust Target Gene Discovery through Transcriptome Perturbations and Genome-Wide Enhancer Predictions in Drosophila Uncovers a Regulatory Basis for Sensory Specification

CisTarget X is a novel computational method that accurately predicts Atonal governed regulatory networks in the retina of the fruit fly

Разработка и изучение отраслевого стандартного образца активности вакцины против краснухи

Presents information on 1st series of branch standard sample to characterization the quality of the candidate of branch standard sample tested for performance evaluation: specific activity of authenticity, a description of sterility, presence of mycoplasma, loss on drying, pH, filling accuracy, the residual oxygen content in the vials. Attested feature of the new series of the standard sample is a specific activity, because the purpose of the of branch reference standard activity live Rubella vaccine is the suitability of the results of determining the specific activity of the Rubella virus in vaccines. Indicator specific activity of the candidate in the of branch reference standard was assessed by interlaboratory studies compared to current 1st standard sample of the enterprise and 1st International Reference Reagent For Rubella (Live) NIBSC-91/688. Certified value of the index is set «Specific activity of branch reference standard activity for rubella (4,63±0,50) lgCCE50/0,5 ml. Shelf-life stated by using test accelerated the degradation is not less than at minus 20°C.Представлены материалы по аттестации первой серии отраслевого стандартного образца (ОСО) активности вакцины против краснухи. Для характеристики качества кандидата в ОСО проведены испытания по оценке показателей: специфическая активность, подлинность, описание, стерильность, присутствие микоплазм, потеря в массе при высушивании, рН, точность наполнения, остаточное содержание кислорода в ампулах. Аттестуемой характеристикой стандартного образца является специфическая активность. Назначение ОСО активности вакцины против краснухи - это оценка приемлемости результатов определения активности вируса краснухи в вакцинах. Показатель «Специфическая активность» кандидата в ОСО оценивали по результатам межлабораторных исследований в сравнении со стандартным образцом предприятия и международным стандартом: 1st International Reference Reagent For Rubella (Live) NIBSC-91/688. Установлено аттестованное значение показателя «Специфическая активность» ОСО активности вакцины против краснухи: (4,63±0,50)lg ТЦД50/0,5 мл. Срок годности, установленный с помощью теста ускоренного старения, при условии хранения при минус 20°С, - не менее 5 лет. Результаты мониторинга стабильности ОСО подтверждают его стабильность за период наблюдения

Phytoplankton responses to marine climate change – an introduction

Phytoplankton are one of the key players in the ocean and contribute approximately 50% to global primary production. They serve as the basis for marine food webs, drive chemical composition of the global atmosphere and thereby climate. Seasonal environmental changes and nutrient availability naturally influence phytoplankton species composition. Since the industrial era, anthropogenic climatic influences have increased noticeably – also within the ocean. Our changing climate, however, affects the composition of phytoplankton species composition on a long-term basis and requires the organisms to adapt to this changing environment, influencing micronutrient bioavailability and other biogeochemical parameters. At the same time, phytoplankton themselves can influence the climate with their responses to environmental changes. Due to its key role, phytoplankton has been of interest in marine sciences for quite some time and there are several methodical approaches implemented in oceanographic sciences. There are ongoing attempts to improve predictions and to close gaps in the understanding of this sensitive ecological system and its responses