Gastronomy Tourism in Several Neighbor Countries of Indonesia: a Brief Review

Gastronomy tourism, also called culinary tourism or food tourism, is a kind of tourism that provide attractions based on the culinary aspect owned by a country, region, or area. It is not only offers food and beverages as the main objects in its attractions, but also everything related to food activities ranging from food ingredients, preparation, processing, serving, as well as the cultural and local values. A well-managed culinary tourism will be a supportive program in developing and enhancing the tourism sector in a country. The objective of this paper is to describe the profile of gastronomy tourism in several neighbor countries of Indonesia, i.e. Hongkong, Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. This brief review is also discussed the potential of Indonesia gastronomy in supporting governments tourism program. Basically, Indonesia has more enormous potential asset in managing its cultural heritages in term of culinary than its neighbor countries. A well-managed gastronomy tourism plays not only an important role in enhancing the economic sector, but also contribute in preserving the natural and cultural resources. Keywords: gastronomy tourism, culinary tourism, food tourism

Ethnobotanical Study of Cilokaq, Traditional Musical Art of Sasak Tribe on Lombok Island

Cilokaq is a traditional musical art of Sasak Tribe, which features several verses of songs with instruments such as gongs, drums, flutes, and gambus. The making of Cilokaq musical instrument uses plants that are obtained from nature, and this plant utilization should be well documented in order to assure the preservation of cultural heritage and also the plant resources contained in it. The purpose of this research is to identify the species of plants used in t Cilokaq musical instruments and to explore aspects of plant utilization and other ethnobotanical aspects of Cilokaq on Lombok Island. This research used qualitative and quantitative data collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and literatures study. Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) value was used to predict the importance value of each species involved in Cilokaq instruments. Informants were determined using snowball sampling technique. As a result, there were eight plants species categorized in 5 families used in making Cilokaq instruments, while there were 6 species belongs to 5 families used as offerings (andang-andang). Rotan (Calamus sp.) had the highest value of ICS (80), while Areca catechu, Gossypium herbaceum, Oryza sativa, Capsicum annuum, and Piper betle had the lowest value (8). Plants such as Ficus fistulosa, Calamus sp., and Schizotachyum blumei are species that begin to be difficult to find so that conservation action are needed in order to preserve the Cilokaq traditional art and plants species involved in it

Uma Lengge: A Local Wisdom of Plants and Environmental Resources Utilisation in Bima Traditional House Architecture, West Nusa Tenggara

Uma Lengge is a traditional house of Bima tribe located at Maria Village, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara, with main raw material consisting of species of woods, bamboos and reeds. As one of the cultural heritage in West Nusa Tenggara, a study that support theà cultural preservation efforts is needed, including the preservation on plants used in its construction. This ethnobotanical research aims to reveal the local wisdom and other ethnobotanical aspects contained in Uma Lengge architecture. This descriptive exploratory research applied qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical research methods based on data collection carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Informants selection used purposive sampling and snowball sampling method. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed descriptively based on the observations, interviews, and calculations of Reported Use (RU) and Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). The result showed that local wisdom contained in Uma Lengge architecture is still applied by the local people from generation to generation in term of plants utilisation in Uma Lengge construction, ancient habits, customs, and the preservation of annual traditions or rituals that have good values to be passed on. There are 11 species used as materials in Uma Lengge constuction, namely Bambusa vulgaris, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Dalbergia latifolia, Tectona grandis, Areca catechu, Gossampinus malabarica, Imperata cylindrica, Ficus benjamina, Cocos nucifera, Gigantochloa apus and Swietenia macrophylla. Plant utilisation in Uma Lengge is used in 10 categories: poles, floors, beams, sloofs, roofs, unifiers, rodent insulation boards, wind breakers, stairs and fences. Conservation efforts for species involved in Uma Lengge construction need to be done, especially for species with limited availability. It is recommended that this cultural site should get more attention and efforts to preserve the cultural heritage along with all local wisdom related to plants and environmental utilisation contained in it

The Wisdom of The Bayan Indigenous Community in Conserving The Traditional Forest in North Lombok, Indonesia

Local wisdom is formed as a process of interaction between humans and their environment to meet their various needs. The Bayan indigenous people are a community that until now still adheres to the beliefs and customs of their ancestors. The purpose of this study was to determine the forms of local wisdom that exist in indigenous peoples in protecting customary forests in Bayan Village, North Lombok. As well as to find out the efforts of indigenous peoples to maintain and maintain local wisdom in protecting customary forests in Bayan Village, North Lombok Regency Collecting data using participatory observation and interviews. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the Bayan indigenous people at present tend to be sectoral, meaning that traditional implementation activities are local (village). The success of customary forest development cannot be separated because it is supported by local wisdom which is always obeyed. In an effort to preserve the customary forest area, it is protected by a local policy called awiq-awiq

Study of Ethno Cosmetics Natural Care of Batujai Village Community, West Praya, Central Lombok

Cosmetics are a major need for women everyday life, which can be seen from the increasing income of the cosmetics industry for up to 12% in 2016. Natural ingredients are the alternative to reduce the negative impact of synthetic cosmetics. Knowledge about it is obtained from generation to generation with oral traditions but has several weaknesses. The aims of study to conduct studies related to use of natural ingredients and to find out the value of the use of plants as natural care cosmetics by the people of Batujai village. This research used descriptive methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches, where quantitative data is the result of the calculation of the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) and Fidelity Level (FL). The results showed that there were 13 natural care cosmetic ingredients consisting of 27 species and 18 families. The potions are children's rapus, rapus golam, rapus mutu, rapus wajah, soap, shampoo, mamak, kejames 1, kejames 2, kejames 3, kejames 4, serbat, and toothpaste. The highest ICS value of 42 was found in the species Oryza sativa L. and the lowest value of 6 was found in the species Amaranthus arenicola, Musa, Cocos nucifera L., Aleurites moluccanus, Aloe vera, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr., Citrus aurantiifolia, Piper retrofractum Vahl, Lannea coromandelica, Jatropha curcas L., Sida rhombifolia L., Ipomoea alba L., Barringtonia racemosa, and Ipomoea sepiaria. FL values range from 25-100%

Exploration in utilization of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet in Central Lombok Regency as a support in food security based on local germplasm management and conservation

Komak (generally assumed and known as Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) is one of the important food commodities in Fabaceae family, especially for people on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Komak bean is also one of the common plants which is widely grown on Lombok Island in general. The objects of this research are to explore the various uses on some morphological variants of komak plant in Central Lombok Regency as one of komak production area on Lombok Island, including its potency of development strategies. This descriptive exploratory research was conducted in Central Lombok Regency as one of the important areas for komak population, supported by interviews, participatory observation and documentation. Snowball sampling method was applied in informant selection. Data were analyzed based on the calculation of Reported Use (RU) and Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). As the results, there are about 10 (ten) utilizations of komak plant reported by the community: as food, yard plants, land boundaries, economic plants, natural fertilizers, ecological functions (soil cover/erosion prevention), animal feed, seasonal indicators, ritual, and socio-cultural functions. Dissemination of information about processing technology and utilization of komak plant are still needed in order to support the optimalization of the management and utilization of this commodity as one of potential legumes that has a strategic role in realizing national food security

Ethnobotanical Study of Tumpek Wariga Tradition in Hindu Community of Jagaraga Village, West Lombok Regency

The Hindu community in Jagaraga Village, West Lombok Regency is a local community whose life is closely related to the use of plants in daily life, including using plants in traditional rituals. Jagaraga Village has areas surrounded by rice fields and farms, therefore the Hindu community in Jagaraga Village performs the Tumpek Wariga traditional ceremony. Tumpek Wariga is held as a form of gratitude for the plants and also as a form of request to the plants to produce a good harvest. This ceremony is carried out 25 days before the Galungan ceremony. This study aims to explore the ethnobotanical aspects of the plants used in the Tumpek Wariga ceremony. The research was conducted in 5 hamlets of the Hindu community of Jagaraga Village, namely Tambang Eleh Hamlet, Lamper Hamlet, Karang Lamper Hamlet, West Jagaraga Hamlet and East Jagaraga Hamlet. All qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed descriptively based on the results of observations, interviews, calculations of Reported Use (RU) and the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). Data collection in the field is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The selection of sources using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. Based on the results obtained, 59 species of plants belong to 50 generas and 36 families are used in Tumpek Wariga ceremony in the Hindu community of Jagaraga Village, West Lombok Regency. These plants are used as food, other food ingredients such as spices, secondary materials, offerings and ritual equipments

Ethnobotany of Sasak traditional beverages as functional foods

775-780Sasak is a native tribe of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Like other tribes in the world, Sasak tribe has a variety of traditional cuisines that can also function as functional foods, including the beverages or drinks. The purpose of this study was to explore the Sasak traditional drinks that function as functional foods, from ethnobotany aspects. This study used the etnosains method, namely purposive sampling method which includes observation, interview, documentation and literature review. There were 8 types of Sasak traditional drinks that are commonly consumed by the public as functional drinks, which can provide positive benefits for the human body. There was also an observation on plants used in the preparation of the drinks. Sasak traditional drinks basically have the potential as functional drinks, and further multidisciplinary studies are needed. This study is one form of preservation efforts on culture, plant resources and traditional botanical knowledge related to its use in human health

Ethnobotany Study of Medicinal Plants by the Mbojo Tribe Community in Ndano Village at the Madapangga Nature Park, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara

One of the cultural characteristics of people in developing countries is that traditional elements are still dominant in everyday life. These activities include the use of plants as medicinal ingredients by various ethnic groups or groups of people living in rural areas, one of which is the Mbojo Tribe, Ndano Village in Madapangga, Bima Regency, NTB. This study aims to identify the types of medicinal plants and to describe the local wisdom of the Mbojo Tribe in Ndano Village regarding the use of medicinal plants around the Madapangga Nature Tourism Park (TWA). The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of medicinal plant research based on local wisdom for the sustainable management of TWA Madapangga. This research is descriptive exploratory. Data collection techniques in the field by means of observation, interviews and documentation. Selection of informants for interviews using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed descriptively related to the aspects that have been determined. The results obtained 26 species of medicinal plants that are best known and often used by the Mbojo Tribe, Ndano Village. Utilization of this medicinal plant is used to cure diseases which amount to 31 types of diseases. Based on the habitus group, the tree level is the most widely used as medicine. Meanwhile, the part (organ) of the plant that is most widely used is the leaf. The people of Ndano Village still use a simple way of concocting medicinal plants, namely by mashing (mashed, grated, kneaded) and boiled. The use of drugs, generally done by drinking, smeared and dripped. The results of this study are very useful for the development of medicinal plant research based on local wisdom for the sustainable management of TWA Madapangga

Preservation of Orchid Plants through Cultivation as Nature Tourism Objects in Mount Rinjani National Park, Lombok Island

Orchid is one of the horticultural plants that are in great demand because of the beauty of their flowers. Orchids are included in the Orchidaceae family. It is important to do this research in order to gain knowledge about Orchid Cultivation Techniques in the National Park of Mount Rinjani Resort Joben. The data collection used in this research is by interview, observation, and direct practice with the supervisor. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the results can be described as listed either through interviews, observations and direct practice as outlined in the form of narratives and pictures. The results of this study indicate that there are 16 types of orchids collected both from within and from outside the area. There is one species endemic orchid from Lombok Island found that is Vanda lombokensis. The cultivation proses consist of demonstration plots, propagation technique and maintenance. The technique used is the split technique or clump separation, namely cutting off the shoots that come out of the stem; cutting off the saplings that come out of the roots and flower stalks and planted using the kadaka media. The maintenance includes watering, fertilization and cleaning weeds. The strategy to develop the tourism object with produce and maintain the original orchid appropriate technology-based