High-Intensity Synchrotron Radiation Effects

Various effects of intense synchrotron radiation on the performance of particle accelerators, especially for storage rings, are discussed. Following a brief introduction to synchrotron radiation, the basic concepts of heat load, gas load, electron emission, and the countermeasures against these effects are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, contribution to the 2014 Joint International Accelerator School: Beam Loss and Accelerator Protection, Newport Beach, CA, USA , 5-14 Nov 201

Evidence for a finite-momentum Cooper pair in tricolor d-wave superconducting superlattices

人工超格子によるらせん型超伝導状態の創出とその検出に成功--有限運動量の電子対を持つ超伝導--.京都大学プレスリリース. 2024-05-13.Fermionic superfluidity with a nontrivial Cooper-pairing, beyond the conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state, is a captivating field of study in quantum many-body systems. In particular, the search for superconducting states with finite-momentum pairs has long been a challenge, but establishing its existence has long suffered from the lack of an appropriate probe to reveal its momentum. Recently, it has been proposed that the nonreciprocal electron transport is the most powerful probe for the finite-momentum pairs, because it directly couples to the supercurrents. Here we reveal such a pairing state by the non-reciprocal transport on tricolor superlattices with strong spin-orbit coupling combined with broken inversion-symmetry consisting of atomically thin d-wave superconductor CeCoIn5. We find that while the second-harmonic resistance exhibits a distinct dip anomaly at the low-temperature ()/high-magnetic field () corner in the -plane for applied to the antinodal direction of the d-wave gap, such an anomaly is absent for along the nodal direction. By carefully isolating extrinsic effects due to vortex dynamics, we reveal the presence of a non-reciprocal response originating from intrinsic superconducting properties characterized by finite-momentum pairs. We attribute the high-field state to the helical superconducting state, wherein the phase of the order parameter is spontaneously spatially modulated

On the vertical extent of the large low shear velocity province beneath the South Pacific Superswell

International audienceThe three-dimensional S-wave velocity structure beneath the South Pacific Superswell is obtained from joint broadband seismic experiments on the ocean floor and islands. We collected only approximately 800 relative times of long-period teleseismic SH-waves by using a waveform cross-correlation from 76 events occurring from January 2003 to May 2005. We conducted relative time tomography to obtain a 3D structure to depths of 1600 km. In the resultant image, we find a characteristic distribution of low- velocity regions. The most prominent features are a large doughnut-shaped low-velocity region at 800 km depth, and an elongated large low-velocity region beneath the Society to Pitcairn hotspots at 1200 km depth. Our model suggests that a large low shear velocity province rooted in the D00 extends upwards and culminates near the top of the lower mantle beneath the central part of the South Pacific Superswell although its perfect continuity is not still confirmed

Exotic heavy-fermion superconductivity in atomically thin CeCoIn5 films

Funding: This work is supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) (Grants No. JP18H01180, No. JP18H05227, and No. JP18K03511) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and by Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) (Grant No. JP-MJCR19T5) from Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).We report an in situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of atomically thin films of CeCoIn5, a d-wave heavy-fermion superconductor. Both hybridization and superconducting gaps are observed even in monolayer CeCoIn5, providing direct evidence of superconductivity of heavy quasiparticles mediated by purely two-dimensional bosonic excitations. In these atomically thin films, Tc is suppressed to nearly half of the bulk, but is similar to CeCoIn5/YbCoIn5 superlattices containing CeCoIn5 layers with the same thickness as the thin films. Remarkably, the out-of-plane upper critical field μ0Hc2⊥ at zero temperature is largely enhanced from those of bulk and superlattices. The enhanced Hc2⊥ well exceeds the Pauli and bulk orbital limits, suggesting the possible emergence of unusual superconductivity with parity mixing caused by the inversion symmetry breaking.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

P-wave tomography of the mantle beneath the South Pacific Superswell revealed by joint ocean floor and islands broadband seismic experiments

International audienceThree-dimensional P-wave velocity structure of the mantle beneath the South Pacific Superswell is determined through passive broadband seismic experiments on the ocean floor and islands between 2003 and 2005. We collected approximately 1500 relative times of long-period teleseismic P-waves by using a waveform cross-correlation. We analyzed this data set with relative time tomography to depths of 2000 km. The resultant structure shows lateral heterogeneity of approximately +/- 2%, in which a distinct low velocity region is found beneath the center of the Superswell at a depth of 1600 km. At 1200km depth, an elongated low velocity region is found beneath the Society to Pitcairn hotspots. At 800 km depth, two linear low velocity regions are located beneath Tuamotu and Austral islands. Isolated low velocity regions are identified beneath the Society, Marquesas, and Macdonald hotspots at 400 km depth. Our new tomographic images reveal that the large low velocity region rooted in the deep lower mantle is split into two sheets at 1200 km depth and these terminate at approximately 800 km depth. This feature appears to be consistent with the characteristics of a thermo-chemical pile or dome

Fully gapped pairing state in spin-triplet superconductor UTe2_2

Spin-triplet superconductors provide an ideal platform for realizing topological superconductivity with emergent Majorana quasiparticles. The promising candidate is the recently discovered superconductor UTe$_2$, but the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter remains highly controversial. Here we determine the superconducting gap structure by the thermal conductivity of ultra-clean UTe$_2$ single crystals. We find that the $a$ axis thermal conductivity divided by temperature $\kappa/T$ in zero-temperature limit is vanishingly small for both magnetic fields $\mathbf{H}||a$ and $\mathbf{H}||c$ axes up to $H/H_{c2}\sim 0.2$, demonstrating the absence of any types of nodes around $a$ axis contrary to the previous belief. The present results, combined with the reduction of the NMR Knight shift in the superconducting state, indicate that the superconducting order parameter belongs to the isotropic $A_u$ representation with a fully gapped pairing state, analogous to the B phase of superfluid $^3$He. These findings reveal that UTe$_2$ is likely to be a long-sought three-dimensional (3D) strong topological superconductor characterized by a 3D winding number, hosting helical Majorana surface states on any crystal plane.Comment: 10pages, 4 figure

Majorana-fermion origin of the planar thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev magnet α\alpha-RuCl3_3

The field-induced quantum disordered state of layered honeycomb magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ is a prime candidate for Kitaev spin liquids hosting Majorana fermions and non-Abelian anyons. Recent observations of anomalous planar thermal Hall effect demonstrate a topological edge mode, but whether it originates from Majorana fermions or bosonic magnons remains controversial. Here we distinguish these origins from low-temperature measurements of high-resolution specific heat and thermal Hall conductivity with rotating in-plane fields. In the honeycomb bond direction, a distinct closure of the low-energy bulk gap is observed concomitantly with the sign reversal of the Hall effect. General discussions of topological bands show that this is the hallmark of an angle-rotation-induced topological transition of fermions, providing conclusive evidence for the Majorana-fermion origin of the thermal Hall effect in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure

Charge-neutral fermions and magnetic field-driven instability in insulating YbIr₃Si₇

Kondo lattice materials, where localized magnetic moments couple to itinerant electrons, provide a very rich backdrop for strong electron correlations. They are known to realize many exotic phenomena, with a dramatic example being recent observations of quantum oscillations and metallic thermal conduction in insulators, implying the emergence of enigmatic charge-neutral fermions. Here, we show that thermal conductivity and specific heat measurements in insulating YbIr₃Si₇ reveal emergent neutral excitations, whose properties are sensitively changed by a field-driven transition between two antiferromagnetic phases. In the low-field phase, a significant violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law demonstrates that YbIr₃Si₇ is a charge insulator but a thermal metal. In the high-field phase, thermal conductivity exhibits a sharp drop below 300 mK, indicating a transition from a thermal metal into an insulator/semimetal driven by the magnetic transition. These results suggest that spin degrees of freedom directly couple to the neutral fermions, whose emergent Fermi surface undergoes a field-driven instability at low temperatures

Transcultural adaptation to the Brazilian Portuguese of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire for assessing the postpartum bond between mother and baby

The establishment of the bond between mother and baby in the postpartum period is important for ensuring the physical and psychological health of both. This short communication reports the first phase of the cross-cultural translation and adaptation to the Brazilian context of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Four aspects of equivalence between the original scale and the Portuguese version were evaluated: the conceptual, semantic, operational and item equivalences. Literature review, the study of PBQ history, translation, expert evaluation, back-translation and pretests involving 30 mothers with children aging up to 7 months using a primary healthcare unit were conducted. Each step demonstrated the need for adjustments, which were made during the adaptation process. At the end of the study, a version of PBQ in Brazilian Portuguese equivalent to the original one was obtained, offering promise for national studies on the mother-baby bond, and its influence on health, and for use in health services