440 research outputs found
A study of the ferrallitic weathering of an amphibole schist in Peninsular Malaysia
Micromorphological and mineralogical changes resulting from the weathering of an amphibole schist in Peninsular Malaysia have been studied. Although the hard bedrock mass is not reached, many large corestones of unweathered rock material are exposed. Thin sections and SEM observations show that the actinolite weathers faster than epidote. Both undergo congruent dissolution and are replaced by new formed vermiform kaolinite and halloysite in the lower saprolite, but by kaolinite and gibbsite in the upper saprolite. This data is corroborated by XRD studies. Chemical analyses of the weathering rims, expressed according to the isovolumetric method, show that they are already in the first stage of ferrallitic weathering with the alkaline and alkaline earth elements lost, as is a large part of the silicon, though aluminium remains practically constant. Iron accumulates during the first stage of weathering. The weathering front is abrupt, and pedoplasmation follows geological structures, forming a clay-rich soil material
CMB Anisotropy of Spherical Spaces
The first-year WMAP data taken at their face value hint that the Universe
might be slightly positively curved and therefore necessarily finite, since all
spherical (Clifford-Klein) space forms M^3 = S^3/Gamma, given by the quotient
of S^3 by a group Gamma of covering transformations, possess this property. We
examine the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) for all typical
groups Gamma corresponding to homogeneous universes. The CMB angular power
spectrum and the temperature correlation function are computed for the
homogeneous spaces as a function of the total energy density parameter
Omega_tot in the large range [1.01, 1.20] and are compared with the WMAP data.
We find that out of the infinitely many homogeneous spaces only the three
corresponding to the binary dihedral group T*, the binary octahedral group O*,
and the binary icosahedral group I* are in agreement with the WMAP
observations. Furthermore, if Omega_tot is restricted to the interval [1.00,
1.04], the space described by T* is excluded since it requires a value of
Omega_tot which is probably too large being in the range [1.06, 1.07]. We thus
conclude that there remain only the two homogeneous spherical spaces S^3/O* and
S^3/I* with Omega_tot of about 1.038 and 1.018, respectively, as possible
topologies for our Universe.Comment: A version with high resolution sky maps can be obtained at
http://www.physik.uni-ulm.de/theo/qc
Micromorphology of Paleosols of the Marília Formation and their Significance in the Paleoenvironmental Evolution of the Bauru Basin, Upper Cretaceous, Southeastern Brazil
Evaluation of Kubiëna’s contribution to micropedology. At the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of his book “Micropedology”
COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses V. The time delay in SDSS J1650+4251
Aims: Our aim is to measure the time delay between the two gravitationally
lensed images of the z = 1.547 quasar SDSS J1650+4251, in order to estimate the
Hubble constant H_0.
Methods: Our measurement is based on R-band light curves with 57 epochs
obtained at Maidanak Observatory, in Uzbekistan, from May 2004 to September
2005. The photometry is performed using simultaneous deconvolution of the data,
which provides the individual light curves of the otherwise blended quasar
images. The time delay is determined from the light curves using two very
different numerical techniques, i.e., polynomial fitting and direct
cross-correlation. The time delay is converted into H_0 following analytical
modeling of the potential well.
Results: Our best estimate of the time delay is Dt = 49.5 +/- 1.9 days, i.e.,
we reach a 3.8% accuracy. The R-band flux ratio between the quasar images,
corrected for the time delay and for slow microlensing, is F_A /F_B = 6.2 +/-
5%.
Conclusions: The accuracy reached on the time delay allows us to discriminate
well between families of lens models. As for most other multiply imaged
quasars, only models of the lensing galaxy that have a de Vaucouleurs mass
profile plus external shear give a Hubble constant compatible with the current
most popular value (H_0 = 72 +/- 8 km s-1 Mpc-1). A more realistic singular
isothermal sphere model plus external shear gives H_0 = 51.7 +4.0 -3.0 km s-1
Mpc-1.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, accepted by A&
Relict periglacial soils on Quaternary terraces in the central Ebro Basin (NE Spain)
Pedofeatures associated with ancient cold climatic conditions have been recognized in soils on terraces in the Monegros area (central Ebro Basin, Spain), at a latitude of 41°49′N and an altitude of 300 m a.s.l. Eleven soil profiles were described on fluvial deposits corresponding to the most extensive terrace (T5) of the Alcanadre River, Middle Pleistocene in age (MIS8–MIS7). Each soil horizon was sampled for physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological analyses. Macromorphological features related to pedocryogenic processes were described: involutions, jacked stones, shattered stones, detached and vertically oriented carbonatic pendents, fragmented carbonatic crusts, laminar microstructures, succitic fabric, silt cappings on rock fragments and aggregates, and irregular, broken, discontinuous and deformed gravel and sandy pockets. Accumulations of Fe–Mn oxides, dissolution features on the surface of carbonatic stones, and calcitic accumulations were identified related to vadose–phreatic conditions. The observed periglacial features developed under cold environmental conditions in exceptional geomorphic and hydrological conditions. This soil information may have potential implications in studies of paleoclimate in the Ebro Valley as well as in other Mediterranean areas
Mid‐Holocene site formation, diagenesis and human activity at the foothills of Serra da Estrela (Portugal)
UIDB/00749/2020 UIDP/00749/2020The Neolithic occupation of Penedo dos Mouros in the foothills of Serra da Estrela, Portugalʼs highest mountain, dates to the 5th to 4th millennia cal B.C. The siteʼs faunal assemblage is extremely rare in the regional prehistoric archaeological record, due to the acidity of the granitic geology. This underlines Penedo dos Mouros importance as a reference site for understanding early pastoralism in the region. Due to the insufficient survival of bone collagen for radiocarbon dating and the homogeneity of the stratigraphy, where most visible contacts are due to postdepositional processes, we chose micromorphology to address the reasons behind the bone preservation and to assess the stratigraphic integrity of the prehistoric deposit. Reworking of eroding saprolitic soils was a major factor in the sediment accumulation, with remains of short human occupation events. Possible evidence for clearance fires linked to the first occurrences of pastoralism practised in the region, creating open spaces for grazing, was identified. Post‐depositional carbonate cementation derived from ashes, identifiable at the microscopic scale, enabled bone preservation. Carbonate and spodic‐like features document water saturation once the sedimentation ceased. This sedimentary dynamic has broader geomorphological implications, such as an inferred post‐Neolithic incision of the stream valley adjacent to the site.publishersversionpublishe
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