Comparison Of The Diagnostic Value Of Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Schmorl’s Hernia In Young People

Uvod: Schmorlove hernije su često dijagnosticirane degenerativne promjene kralježaka koje se javljaju kod mladih osoba. U dijagnostici Schmorlove hernije najčešće se primjenjuju metode kompjuterizirana tomografija (CT) i magnetska rezonancija (MR). Oba modaliteta pružaju detaljne informacije o strukturi i stanju kralježaka, ali se razlikuju po principu rada i karakteristikama slike koje generiraju uz svoje prednosti i ograničenja. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje Schmorlovih hernija kod mladih osoba, s fokusom na usporedbu dijagnostičke vrijednosti kompjuterizirane tomografije i magnetske rezonancije, provedeno je u Zavodu za radiologiju Sveučilišne kliničke bolnice Mostar. Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je najmlađi ispitanik imao 14 godina, a najstariji 89 godina. Ispitanika mlađih od 45 godina bilo je 27 % u ukupnom broju ispitanika. U našem istraživanju bilo je više ispitanika muškog spola, njih 57 %. Znatno je više ispitanika imalo nalaz MR-a, njih 64 %, dok je ispitanika s nalazom MSCT-a bilo 36 %. Kod pretrage MSCT najčešće je nalaz Schmorlove hernije bio u torakalnoj regiji, 42 %. Za razliku od MSCT-a, kod MR-a su se pojavile diskretne promjene na pokrovnim plohama (10 %). Zaključak: Odabir između CT-a i MR-a ovisit će o kliničkim okolnostima, dostupnosti i ciljevima dijagnostičkog postupka. Važno je individualno prilagoditi dijagnostički pristup svakom pacijentu kako bi se postigla optimalna dijagnostička točnost i donijele informirane odluke o liječenju.Introduction: Schmorl’s hernias are frequently diagnosed as degenerative changes in the vertebrae that occur in young people. In the diagnosis of Schmorl’s hernia, the two most commonly used methods are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). Both modalities provide detailed information on the structure and condition of the vertebrae, but they differ in the principle of operation and the characteristics of the image they generate with their advantages and limitations Material and methods: Research on Schmorl’s hernias in young people, with a focus on comparing the diagnostic value of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, was conducted at the Department of Radiology of the University Clinical Hospital Mostar. Results: The results of the research showed that the youngest respondent was 14 years old, and the oldest was 89 years old. Respondents under the age of 45 were a total of 27% of the total number of respondents. In our research, there were more male respondents, 57% of them. Significantly more subjects had MRI findings, 64% of them, while 36% of subjects had MSCT findings. In the MSCT examination, Schmorl’s hernia was most often found in the thoracic region, 42%. In contrast to MSCT, MR showed discrete changes in the endplates (10%). Conclusion: The choice between CT and MR will depend on the clinical circumstances, availability and goals of the diagnostic procedure. It is important to individually adapt the diagnostic approach to each patient in order to achieve optimal diagnostic accuracy and make informed treatment decisions

La sederia a Barcelona al segle XV

[cat] La tesi investiga el desenvolupament de la manufactura de la seda a Barcelona durant el segle XV, especialment des del punt de vista del treball. Els objectius principals de la tesi han estat investigar la importància que havia tingut la manufactura de la seda a Barcelona durant el XV, quant al seu abast , el nombre d'artesans que s'havien dedicat a aquesta fabricació, i el seu desenvolupament, comprovant si realment es tractava d'una manufactura marginal . També s'ha procurat analitzar l'evolució d'aquesta manufactura al llarg del segle XV. Un altre dels propòsits de la tesi ha estat observar quines fases del treball de la seda s'havien desenvolupat a Barcelona en aquella època . S'ha estudiat la transmissió de coneixements, els diferents tipus de treballadors , i les formes i condicions del seu treball . Així mateix s'ha pretès comprovar com havia estat la participació de la mà d'obra femenina en aquesta manufactura. Un altre dels objectius ha estat observar quin tipus de teixits de seda es confeccionaven a Barcelona durant el segle XV i analitzar els diferents oficis relacionats amb el treball de la seda. Finalment s'ha analitzat l'evolució dels diferents tipus d'empreses sederes i el seu funcionament i conèixer quina havia estat la repercussió de l'establiment a la ciutat de mestres seders especialistes procedents de l'estranger. El treball s'ha estructurat en nou apartats: - El primer apartat conté l'estat de la qüestió , els objectius , i la metodologia i les fonts. - En el segon apartat s'han tractat els orígens de la manufactura de la seda i els processos de fabricació. - El tercer apartat de la tesi analitza els diferents tipus de treballadors (els mestres, els aprenents, els oficials, els treballadors assalariats, els esclaus, i el treball femení). - El quart apartat examina la manufactura de la seda a Barcelona durant la primera meitat del segle XV i tracta sobre alguns seders i famílies de seders que havien tingut una activitat destacada. - El cinquè apartat de la tesi estudia el desenvolupament d'una manufactura sedera especialitzada a mitjan segle XV (a través d'algunes iniciatives municipals i l'establiment a la ciutat de mestres estrangers especialistes en aquesta manufactura. - El sisè apartat s'observa l'organització de les empreses sederes. - En el setè apartat es detallen els diferents oficis especialitzats relacionats amb el treball de la seda. - En el vuitè apartat s'analitzen els seders especialistes barcelonins del segle XV, especialment els velluters. - Finalment, el novè apartat s'ha dedicat a les conclusions generals de la investigació.[eng] This thesis investigates the development of the silk manufacture in Barcelona during the fifteenth century, especially focused on the labor. The main purpose of this study is to examine the importance of silk manufacture in Barcelona during the fifteenth century and its development. We have also tried to analyze the evolution of this production throughout the fifteenth century. Another purpose of the thesis is to observe which phases of silk work had developed in Barcelona at that time. We have studied the transmission of knowledge, the different categories of workers, the forms and conditions of their work and also examined the participation of female labor in this production. Another objective is to observe the types of silk fabrics waived in Barcelona during the fifteenth century and to analyze professions associated with this production. Finally, we have analyzed different types of businesses and the evolution of certain silk companies. The thesis is divided in nine units: - The first unit analyzes the current status of the issue, presents the purposes, the methodology and the sources used in the investigation. - In the second unit we have studied the origins of silk manufacture and the manufacturing practices. - The third part of the thesis analyzes different types of workers (masters, apprentices, officers, salaried employees, slaves, and women's labor). - The fourth unit examines the silk manufacture in Barcelona during the first half of the fifteenth century. - In the fifth part of the thesis we have examined the development of specialized silk manufacture during the mid-fifteenth century (stimulated by local initiatives and the setting up of skilled foreign masters). - The sixth unit displays the organization of silk business associations. - The seventh unit describes certain skilled professions related to the silk manufacture. - The eighth part is dedicated to local specialists in silk manufacture. - Finally, the last unit contains general conclusions

PROCJENA TROŠKOVA KOMPJUTERIZIRANE RADIOGRAFIJE PREMA KONVENCIONALNOJ RADIOGRAFIJI

Introduction: With the expansion of the development of computer equipment and the improvement of software interfaces, there is also a sudden development of radiology without film, through computerized radiography (CR) systems. The CR system made it possible to improve the quality of the radiological image, and thus to make a more accurate and faster diagnosis. Objective: To estimate the costs of computed radiography compared to conventional radiography. Materials and methods: The analysis used data on the costs of radiological materials and existing radiological information systems from the plans and signed contracts for 2019 and 2022 in the Croatian Hospital "Dr. Fr. Mato Nikolić" Nova Bila. Results: The costs of conventional radiology are exceptionally high, including the procurement of X-ray films, processing chemicals, and equipment maintenance. The analysis compares the number of procedures and the displayed costs for the hospital. Conclusion: Computerized radiography is more cost-effective than conventional radiography due to reusable phosphor imaging plates and reduced chemical and film expenses.Uvod: Ekspanzijom razvoja računalne opreme i usavršavanjem softverskih sučelja dolazi i do naglog razvoja radiologije bez filma, kroz sustave računalne radiografije. Sustav računalne radiografije omogućio je poboljšanje kvalitete radiološke slike, a time i točniju i bržu dijagnozu. Cilj: Procijeniti troškove računalne radiografije u usporedbi s konvencionalnom radiografijom. Materijali i metode: U analizi su korišteni podaci o troškovima radioloških materijala i postojećih radioloških informacijskih sustava iz planova i potpisanih ugovora za 2019. i 2022. godinu u Hrvatskoj bolnici "Dr. fra Mato Nikolić" Nova Bila. Rezultati: Troškovi konvencionalne radiologije iznimno su visoki, uključujući nabavu rendgenskih filmova, kemikalija za obradu i održavanje opreme. Analiza uspoređuje broj postupaka i prikazanih troškova za bolnicu. Zaključak: Računalna radiografija isplativija je od konvencionalne radiografije zbog fosfornih ploča za višekratnu upotrebu i smanjenih troškova kemikalija i filma