Impact of varicocele on quality of spermatogenesis in persons 12-18 years old

Cilj: Varikocela je jedan od najčešćih uzroka infertiliteta, a njena prevalencija značajno raste s razvojem puberteta. Zato je vrlo važno identificirati one adolescente koji imaju najveći rizik za infertilitet, kako bi rana kirurška intervencija bila učinkovita. Cilj rada bio je utvrđivanje učestalosti i stupnja varikocele kod adolescenata (12 – 18 godina), te procjena poboljšanja u morfologiji testisa i parametrima spermograma nakon operativnog liječenja. Metoda: Ispitivana je skupina od 362 muška adolescenta starosti od 12 do 18 godina, od kojih je 23 bilo podvrgnuto kirurškoj intervenciji uklanjanja varikocele (lig. vene spermaticae sec. Palomo). Pregled je obuhvatio: andrološku anamnezu, opći klinički pregled i uroandrološki pregled, kao i određivanje osnovnih parametara spermograma (ukupan broj spermatozoida, postotak pokretljivih i abnormalnih spermatozoida). Rezultati: Varikocela je dijagnosticirana kod 47 (12,98 %) adolescenata starosti od 12 do 18 godina. Nije bilo značajne razlike u zastupljenosti varikocele gr. I i gr. II među različitim starosnim skupinama adolescenata, dok je varikocela gr. III , kao i obostrano smanjenje testisa različitog stupnja, bila češće zastupljena u skupini starijih adolescenata (od 16 do 18 godina). Operativni tretman kod 23 bolesnika rezultirao je povećanjem volumena testisa nakon 3 – 9 mjeseci, kao i povećanjem ukupnog broja i postotka pokretnih spermatozoida. Zaključak: Zbog značajnog utjecaja varikocele na spermatogenezu kod adolescenata potrebno je učiniti detaljna ispitivanja kao osnovu za donošenje odluke o kirurškoj intervenciji. Smanjenje testisa na strani varikocele predstavlja indikaciju za operativni tretman varikocele u ovoj populaciji.Aim: Varicocele is one of the most common causes of infertility, and its prevalence increases significantly in puberty. It is, therefore, important to identify those adolescents who have high risk for infertility, so that early surgical intervention has benefits.The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and degree of varicocele in adolescents (12-18 years), and the assessment of improvement in the morphology of testes and semen parameters after surgical treatment. Methods: A total of 362 male adolescents aged 12-18 years were examined, 23 of them were subjected to surgical removal of varicocele (lig. vene spermaticae sec. Palomo). The examination included: andrological history, general clinical examination and uroandrological review and determination of basic semen parameters (total sperm count, percentage of motile and abnormal sperm). Results: Varicocele was diagnosed in 47 (12.98%) adolescents aged 12-18 years. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of varicocele gr.I and gr.II among different age groups of adolescents, while gr.III varicocele and both testicles reduction in various degree were more frequent in the group of older adolescents (16-18 years). Surgical treatment in 23 patients resulted in an increase in testicular volume after 3-9 months, and in an increase in the total number and percentage of motile spermatozoa. Conclusions: Due to the significant influence of varicocele on spermatogenesis in adolescents it is necesery to do more precise examinations as a basis for deciding about surgery intervention. Shrinking of the testicles on the side where varicocela is present is an indication for surgical treatment of varicocele in this population

The effect of whey supplementation on the nutritive value of fermented forage from semi-natural grassland

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj dodatka sirutke u prahu provenutoj biljnoj masi poluprirodnog travnjaka na hranidbenu vrijednost fermentirane krme i kvalitetu fermentacije u silosu. Korišteno je pet razina dodatka sirutke u prahu kg-1 silirane suhe tvari (ST) krme poluprirodnog travnjaka: (i) 0 g; (ii) 13 g; (iii) 65 g; (iv) 130 g; (v) 260 g (tretmani T0, T13, T65, T130 i T260 respektivno). Biljna je masa silirana u laboratorijskim silosima. Silosi su otvoreni 40. dan od zatvaranja radi procjene hranidbene vrijednosti fermentirane krme i kvalitete NIR spektroskopijom. Zaključeno je da sirutka u prahu, kao dodatak provenutoj biljnoj masi poluprirodnog travnjaka prilikom siliranja, linearno povećava sadržaj ST (P<0,05), korigirane ST (KST) (P<0,01), sirovih proteina (SP) (P<0,001), neutralnih detergent vlakana (NDV) (P<0,001), fermentirajuće metaboličke energije u metaboličkoj energiji (FME/ME) (P<0,001), probavljivost organske tvari u ST (D-vrijednost) (P<0,001), faktor konzumacije za goveda (P<0,001), faktor konzumacije za ovce (P<0,001), a smanjuje pH vrijednost (P<0,05), sadržaj organske tvari (OT) (P<0,001), sadržaj amonijskog dušika (NH3-N) (P<0,001) i rezidua šećera (P<0,001) u fermentiranoj krmi.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dried whey supplementation, at ensiling forage from semi-natural grassland, on the nutritive value of fermented forage and the quality of fermentation. Wilted forage from semi-natural grassland was supplemented with five levels of dried whey kg-1 of dry matter (DM) at ensiling into laboratory siloses: (i) 0 g; (ii) 13 g; (iii) 65 g; (iv) 130 g; (v) 260 g (treatments T0, T13, T65, T130 and T260 respectively). The siloses were opened after 40 days of ensiling to evaluate the nutritive value of fermented forage and the fermentation quality by NIR spectroscopy. It was concluded that dried whey, supplemented at ensiling to wilted forage from semi-natural grassland, linearly increases the content of DM (P<0.05), corrected DM (CDM) (P<0.01), crude protein (CP) (P<0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P<0.001), fermenting metabolic energy in the metabolic energy (FME/ME) (P<0.001), digestibility of organic matter (OM) in the DM (D-value) (0.001), intake factor for cattle (P<0.001), intake factor for sheep (P<0.001), while reducing the pH (P<0.05), OM (P<0.001), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.001) and sugar residues (P<0.001) in fermented forage

Seasonal Variations of the Activity of Antioxidant Defense Enzymes in the Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus l.) from the Adriatic Sea

This study investigated seasonal variations of antioxidant defense enzyme activities: total, manganese, copper zinc containing superoxide dismutase (Tot SOD, Mn SOD, CuZn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and biotransformation phase II enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver and white muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus). The investigations were performed in winter and spring at two localities: Near Bar (NB) and Estuary of the River Bojana (EB) in the Southern Adriatic Sea. At both sites, Mn SOD, GSH-Px, GR and GST activities decreased in the liver in spring. In the white muscle, activities of Mn SOD, GSH-Px, GR and GST in NB decreased in spring. GR decreased in spring in EB, while CAT activity was higher in spring at both sites. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on correlations indicated a clear separation of various sampling periods for both investigated tissues and a marked difference between two seasons. Our study is the first report on antioxidant defense enzyme activities in the red mullet in the Southern Adriatic Sea. It indicates that seasonal variations of antioxidant defense enzyme activities should be used in further biomonitoring studies in fish species

Publishing activity of Matrix Croatica (Matica hrvatska) between 1945-1971

Ovaj se rad bavi nakladničkom djelatnošću Matice hrvatske u razdoblju od 1945. do 1971. godine. Najprije se donose osnovne informacije o Matici hrvatskoj i njezinu osnutku, a zatim se uvodi povijesni kontekst prve polovice 20. stoljeća, bitan za shvaćanje daljnjeg razvoja događaja. Potom se izlaže pregled rada Matice hrvatske u razdoblju od 1945. do 1971. godine, s fokusom na njezinu nakladničku djelatnost. Ovo je radoblje u radu razdjeljeno na četiri kraće epohe pomoću tri ključna razdjelna događaja, a to su – sklapanje Novosadskog dogovora o jeziku 1954. godine, osnivanje Nakladnog zavoda Matice hrvatske 1960. godine, te objavljivanje Deklaracije o nazivu i položaju hrvatskog jezika 1967. godine. U zadnjem periodu opisano je i gašenje Matice 1971. godine. Na kraju se uvodi kompetan popis izdanih djela za pojedine godine.This thesis concerns the publishing activity of Matrix Croatica (Matica hrvatska) in the period between 1945. and 1971. All basic information about this institution is laid out in a concise way during the first few chapters, including some historical context crucial for understanding this topic. The main focus of this paper is Matica's publishing activity, which is described chronologically through four chapters. These four time periods are formed around three key events: the creation of the Novi Sad Agreement in 1954, the founding of Matica hrvatska's Publishing Institute in 1960, and the publishing of the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language in 1971. After this, a complete list of published works is provided in chronological order

The effect of whey addition on nutritive value of fermented forage from semi-natural grassland

Cilj diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj dodatka sirutke u prahu u provenutoj biljnoj masi poluprirodnog travnjaka na hranjivost fermentirane krme i kvalitetu fermentacije u silosu. U radu je korišteno 5 razina dodatka sirutke u prahu kg-1 silirane suhe tvari (ST) krme poluprirodnog travnjaka u laboratorijske silose: (i) 0 g; (ii) 13 g; (iii) 65 g; (iv) 130 g; (v) 260 g (tretmani T0, T13, T65, T130 i T260). Nakon 40 dana od zatvaranja silosa, uzorci su analizirani NIR spektrofotometrom radi procjene hranjive vrijednosti fermentirane krme. Utvrđeno je da T130 i T260 imaju veći sadržaj sirovih proteina (P<0.05), metaboličke energije (P<0.05), probavljivost organske tvari u suhoj tvari ( D- vrijednost) (P<0.05), razgradivost sirovih proteina u buragu (P<0.05), sadržaj fermentirajuće metaboličke energije (P<0.05), faktor konzumacije za goveda i ovce (P<0.05), a smanjuje pH vrijednost (P<0.05) i sadržaj amonijskog N (P<0.05) u fermentiranoj krmi u usporedbi s T0. Usporedbom hranjivosti fermentirane krme T130 i T260 utvrđena je veća hranjivost T260. U cilju povećanja hranjive vrijednosti fermentirane krme polupripodnog travnjaka preporuka je prilikom siliranja dodati 260 g suhe sirutke kg-1 silirane suhe tvari.The objective of this final paper was to determine the effect of dried whey application at ensiling forage from semi-natural grassland on fermented forage nutritive value and the fermentation quality in a silo. Dried whey was applied at 5 levels to wilted forage from semi-natural grassland before ensiling into laboratory siloses (0 g; 13 g; 65 g; 130 g and 260 g kg-1 of ensiled forage dried matter (DM)), (T0, T13, T65, T130 i T260 respectively). After 40 days of ensiling, samples were analysed by NIR spectrofotometer to predict the nutritive value and the fermentation quality. Treatments T130 i T260 had higher concentration of DM (P<0.05), crude protein (P<0.05), metabolic energy (P<0.05), digestability of the organic matter in DM (D-value) (P<0.05), fermenting ME in ME (FME/ME) (P<0.05), crude protein degradability in rumen (P<0.05), the intake factor for cattle (P<0.05), the intake factor for sheep (P<0.05) while lower pH value (P<0.05) and NH3-N in comparison with T0. The higher nutritive value of T260 was determined in comparison with T130. It is recommended in order to increase the nutritive value of fermented forage from semi- natural grassland, to supplement wilted forage at ensiling with 260 g of dried whey kg-1 of ensiled DM

Publishing activity of Matrix Croatica (Matica hrvatska) between 1945-1971

Ovaj se rad bavi nakladničkom djelatnošću Matice hrvatske u razdoblju od 1945. do 1971. godine. Najprije se donose osnovne informacije o Matici hrvatskoj i njezinu osnutku, a zatim se uvodi povijesni kontekst prve polovice 20. stoljeća, bitan za shvaćanje daljnjeg razvoja događaja. Potom se izlaže pregled rada Matice hrvatske u razdoblju od 1945. do 1971. godine, s fokusom na njezinu nakladničku djelatnost. Ovo je radoblje u radu razdjeljeno na četiri kraće epohe pomoću tri ključna razdjelna događaja, a to su – sklapanje Novosadskog dogovora o jeziku 1954. godine, osnivanje Nakladnog zavoda Matice hrvatske 1960. godine, te objavljivanje Deklaracije o nazivu i položaju hrvatskog jezika 1967. godine. U zadnjem periodu opisano je i gašenje Matice 1971. godine. Na kraju se uvodi kompetan popis izdanih djela za pojedine godine.This thesis concerns the publishing activity of Matrix Croatica (Matica hrvatska) in the period between 1945. and 1971. All basic information about this institution is laid out in a concise way during the first few chapters, including some historical context crucial for understanding this topic. The main focus of this paper is Matica's publishing activity, which is described chronologically through four chapters. These four time periods are formed around three key events: the creation of the Novi Sad Agreement in 1954, the founding of Matica hrvatska's Publishing Institute in 1960, and the publishing of the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language in 1971. After this, a complete list of published works is provided in chronological order

The effect of whey addition on nutritive value of fermented forage from semi-natural grassland

Cilj diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj dodatka sirutke u prahu u provenutoj biljnoj masi poluprirodnog travnjaka na hranjivost fermentirane krme i kvalitetu fermentacije u silosu. U radu je korišteno 5 razina dodatka sirutke u prahu kg-1 silirane suhe tvari (ST) krme poluprirodnog travnjaka u laboratorijske silose: (i) 0 g; (ii) 13 g; (iii) 65 g; (iv) 130 g; (v) 260 g (tretmani T0, T13, T65, T130 i T260). Nakon 40 dana od zatvaranja silosa, uzorci su analizirani NIR spektrofotometrom radi procjene hranjive vrijednosti fermentirane krme. Utvrđeno je da T130 i T260 imaju veći sadržaj sirovih proteina (P<0.05), metaboličke energije (P<0.05), probavljivost organske tvari u suhoj tvari ( D- vrijednost) (P<0.05), razgradivost sirovih proteina u buragu (P<0.05), sadržaj fermentirajuće metaboličke energije (P<0.05), faktor konzumacije za goveda i ovce (P<0.05), a smanjuje pH vrijednost (P<0.05) i sadržaj amonijskog N (P<0.05) u fermentiranoj krmi u usporedbi s T0. Usporedbom hranjivosti fermentirane krme T130 i T260 utvrđena je veća hranjivost T260. U cilju povećanja hranjive vrijednosti fermentirane krme polupripodnog travnjaka preporuka je prilikom siliranja dodati 260 g suhe sirutke kg-1 silirane suhe tvari.The objective of this final paper was to determine the effect of dried whey application at ensiling forage from semi-natural grassland on fermented forage nutritive value and the fermentation quality in a silo. Dried whey was applied at 5 levels to wilted forage from semi-natural grassland before ensiling into laboratory siloses (0 g; 13 g; 65 g; 130 g and 260 g kg-1 of ensiled forage dried matter (DM)), (T0, T13, T65, T130 i T260 respectively). After 40 days of ensiling, samples were analysed by NIR spectrofotometer to predict the nutritive value and the fermentation quality. Treatments T130 i T260 had higher concentration of DM (P<0.05), crude protein (P<0.05), metabolic energy (P<0.05), digestability of the organic matter in DM (D-value) (P<0.05), fermenting ME in ME (FME/ME) (P<0.05), crude protein degradability in rumen (P<0.05), the intake factor for cattle (P<0.05), the intake factor for sheep (P<0.05) while lower pH value (P<0.05) and NH3-N in comparison with T0. The higher nutritive value of T260 was determined in comparison with T130. It is recommended in order to increase the nutritive value of fermented forage from semi- natural grassland, to supplement wilted forage at ensiling with 260 g of dried whey kg-1 of ensiled DM

The effect of whey addition on nutritive value of fermented forage from semi-natural grassland

Cilj diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj dodatka sirutke u prahu u provenutoj biljnoj masi poluprirodnog travnjaka na hranjivost fermentirane krme i kvalitetu fermentacije u silosu. U radu je korišteno 5 razina dodatka sirutke u prahu kg-1 silirane suhe tvari (ST) krme poluprirodnog travnjaka u laboratorijske silose: (i) 0 g; (ii) 13 g; (iii) 65 g; (iv) 130 g; (v) 260 g (tretmani T0, T13, T65, T130 i T260). Nakon 40 dana od zatvaranja silosa, uzorci su analizirani NIR spektrofotometrom radi procjene hranjive vrijednosti fermentirane krme. Utvrđeno je da T130 i T260 imaju veći sadržaj sirovih proteina (P<0.05), metaboličke energije (P<0.05), probavljivost organske tvari u suhoj tvari ( D- vrijednost) (P<0.05), razgradivost sirovih proteina u buragu (P<0.05), sadržaj fermentirajuće metaboličke energije (P<0.05), faktor konzumacije za goveda i ovce (P<0.05), a smanjuje pH vrijednost (P<0.05) i sadržaj amonijskog N (P<0.05) u fermentiranoj krmi u usporedbi s T0. Usporedbom hranjivosti fermentirane krme T130 i T260 utvrđena je veća hranjivost T260. U cilju povećanja hranjive vrijednosti fermentirane krme polupripodnog travnjaka preporuka je prilikom siliranja dodati 260 g suhe sirutke kg-1 silirane suhe tvari.The objective of this final paper was to determine the effect of dried whey application at ensiling forage from semi-natural grassland on fermented forage nutritive value and the fermentation quality in a silo. Dried whey was applied at 5 levels to wilted forage from semi-natural grassland before ensiling into laboratory siloses (0 g; 13 g; 65 g; 130 g and 260 g kg-1 of ensiled forage dried matter (DM)), (T0, T13, T65, T130 i T260 respectively). After 40 days of ensiling, samples were analysed by NIR spectrofotometer to predict the nutritive value and the fermentation quality. Treatments T130 i T260 had higher concentration of DM (P<0.05), crude protein (P<0.05), metabolic energy (P<0.05), digestability of the organic matter in DM (D-value) (P<0.05), fermenting ME in ME (FME/ME) (P<0.05), crude protein degradability in rumen (P<0.05), the intake factor for cattle (P<0.05), the intake factor for sheep (P<0.05) while lower pH value (P<0.05) and NH3-N in comparison with T0. The higher nutritive value of T260 was determined in comparison with T130. It is recommended in order to increase the nutritive value of fermented forage from semi- natural grassland, to supplement wilted forage at ensiling with 260 g of dried whey kg-1 of ensiled DM