The impact of Shared Decision Making on the length of hospital stay and the health expenditure

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Attitudes toward the sars-cov-2 and influenza vaccination in the metropolitan cities of bologna and palermo, italy

Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is known to play a relevant role in thwarting the efforts toward reaching satisfactory influenza vaccination coverage, and has caused similar difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe the phenomenon and produce insights on the reasons behind VH. A survey was administered between December 2020 and February 2021 to adults living in the cities of Bologna and Palermo. Of the 443 subjects enrolled, 47.3% were likely to get the influenza vaccination, while 75.6% were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. The most frequent determinants that motivated the willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine were trust in the safety of vaccines and belief that the vaccine is an effective tool. As for people’s unwillingness to be vaccinated, being exposed to information that produced doubts about the vaccine and lack of trust in a newly developed vaccine were the most frequently involved determinants. Statistically significant positive associations were found between the willingness to be vaccinated and postgraduate education and the propensity towards influenza vaccination. A negative association with being over 40 years old and of female gender was also found. These results might have an impact in better understanding individual reasons behind VH, identifying which categories are more exposed to it and which strategies should be implemented

Local Delivery of Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Accelerates Spontaneous Angiogenesis in Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Background —Human tissue kallikrein (HK) releases kinins from kininogen. We investigated whether adenovirus-mediated HK gene delivery is angiogenic in the context of ischemia. Methods and Results —Hindlimb ischemia, caused by femoral artery excision, increased muscular capillary density ( P 1 receptor gene ( P 1 receptors blunted ischemia-induced angiogenesis ( P 2 receptor antagonism was ineffective. Intramuscular delivery of adenovirus containing the HK gene (Ad.CMV-cHK) enhanced the increase in capillary density caused by ischemia (969±32 versus 541±18 capillaries/mm 2 for control, P P P 1 or B 2 receptors prevented HK-induced angiogenesis. Conclusions —HK gene delivery enhances the native angiogenic response to ischemia. Angiogenesis gene therapy with HK might be applicable to peripheral occlusive vascular disease

MOOC e NEET? Percorsi innovativi per l’inclusione sociale ed economica dei giovani vulnerabili

Il presente contributo illustra lo stato dell’arte nei paesi dell’Unione Europea rispetto alle possibilità di intervento attraverso corsi online di libera fruizione (MOOC) per l’inclusione economica e sociale di giovani non inseriti in percorsi educativi, formativi o professionali (NEET). Scopo dell’indagine è individuare e confrontare buone pratiche e modelli didattici finalizzati al contrasto delle vulnerabilità sociali ed economiche dei giovani. La revisione sistematica, condotta su database generalisti e più propriamente educativi, ha rivelato la scarsa relazione in letteratura dei due temi, ciascuno peraltro oggetto di ricerche articolate solo di recente. Il campo d’indagine è quindi aperto ed invita ad una riflessione ulteriore sui possibili sviluppi. L’incontro tra necessità dei NEET e delle aziende, la motivazione durante il percorso, il mantenimento di un equilibrio tra e-learning e presenza, il coinvolgimento di tutor per tutto il percorso, e il rapporto con gli stakeholder restano i problemi principali rilevati nei diversi studi esaminati.This paper shows the state of the art regarding the possibilities of intervention for the economic and social inclusion of young people Not engaged in Employment, Education, or Training (NEET) through Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) in the countries of the European Union, in order to identify and compare good practices and didactic models aimed to contrast the social and economic vulnerabilities of young people. The systematic review, carried out on both generalist and more properly educational databases, has revealed the poor relationship between the two topics in literature, each one moreover only recently made the subject of articulated research. The field of study is therefore open and invites further reflection on its possible developments. Matching NEETs’ needs and business companies’ requirements, students’ motivation during the learning path, keeping balance between e-learning and face-to-face lectures, tutors’ involvement along the course, and relationships with stakeholders remain the main issues identified in the various papers reviewed

Barriers to managing private wells and septic systems in underserved communities: Mental models of homeowner decision making

Some African-American communities in the U.S. South are excluded from nearby municipal water and sewer services and therefore rely on private wells and septic systems. These “underbounded” communities are disproportionately exposed to water contaminants and face elevated risks for poor health outcomes. Outreach efforts encouraging proper well testing and maintenance are needed to protect health in these communities. To identify knowledge gaps and misconceptions that such outreach programs should target, we conducted semistructured interviews with 18 residents of such communities in Wake County, North Carolina. Only one interviewee conducted annual well testing as recommended by the county health department. Interview results suggest that testing is inhibited by lack of awareness of well maintenance guidelines, overreliance on sensory information, poor understanding of exposure pathways, and cost. Links between private septic systems, well water contamination, and health are poorly understood, hindering proper septic maintenance. These findings highlight the need for risk communication materials targeting at-risk communities