The New Moderates A motive analysis of the Swedish Moderates? stated transformation during 2003-2006.

This thesis investigates the Swedish Moderates? transformation under Fredrik Reinfeldt. The question at issue is as follows: What motive(s) were behind the Moderates? declared transformation after Reinfeldt became party leader? We define the actor who possesses the motives, which is Reinfeldt and his closest associates, and the action we want to explain. Indications of what motives the actor had are given in four separate chapters that together form the foundation of our conclusion. We examine (A) the actor's stated motives, (B) the actor's previous motives, (C) other similar actor's motives and (D) motives behind parties? actions in general. We received strong support for viability and societal change which indicates that the Moderates changed in order to make the policies more viable and to adapt to certain changes in the society. Vote-maximisation got support, although not as strong as viability and societal change. Still, there is a possibility that vote-maximisation was very important for the Moderates. The motive is often denied by parties and is therefore more difficult to find evidence for. However, considering the support we have found in our material, we argue that vote-maximisation probably was of great importance for the Moderates

Equivalence of three-dimensional spacetimes

A solution to the equivalence problem in three-dimensional gravity is given and a practically useful method to obtain a coordinate invariant description of local geometry is presented. The method is a nontrivial adaptation of Karlhede invariant classification of spacetimes of general relativity. The local geometry is completely determined by the curvature tensor and a finite number of its covariant derivatives in a frame where the components of the metric are constants. The results are presented in the framework of real two-component spinors in three-dimensional spacetimes, where the algebraic classifications of the Ricci and Cotton-York spinors are given and their isotropy groups and canonical forms are determined. As an application we discuss Goedel-type spacetimes in three-dimensional General Relativity. The conditions for local space and time homogeneity are derived and the equivalence of three-dimensional Goedel-type spacetimes is studied and the results are compared with previous works on four-dimensional Goedel-type spacetimes.Comment: 13 pages - content changes and corrected typo

A Flexible Approach for Highly Multiplexed Candidate Gene Targeted Resequencing

We have developed an integrated strategy for targeted resequencing and analysis of gene subsets from the human exome for variants. Our capture technology is geared towards resequencing gene subsets substantially larger than can be done efficiently with simplex or multiplex PCR but smaller in scale than exome sequencing. We describe all the steps from the initial capture assay to single nucleotide variant (SNV) discovery. The capture methodology uses in-solution 80-mer oligonucleotides. To provide optimal flexibility in choosing human gene targets, we designed an in silico set of oligonucleotides, the Human OligoExome, that covers the gene exons annotated by the Consensus Coding Sequencing Project (CCDS). This resource is openly available as an Internet accessible database where one can download capture oligonucleotides sequences for any CCDS gene and design custom capture assays. Using this resource, we demonstrated the flexibility of this assay by custom designing capture assays ranging from 10 to over 100 gene targets with total capture sizes from over 100 Kilobases to nearly one Megabase. We established a method to reduce capture variability and incorporated indexing schemes to increase sample throughput. Our approach has multiple applications that include but are not limited to population targeted resequencing studies of specific gene subsets, validation of variants discovered in whole genome sequencing surveys and possible diagnostic analysis of disease gene subsets. We also present a cost analysis demonstrating its cost-effectiveness for large population studies

BIN1 Localizes the L-Type Calcium Channel to Cardiac T-Tubules

Cardiac tubular-like membrane invaginations contain the membrane scaffolding protein BIN1, which tethers dynamic microtubules that deliver calcium channels directly to T-tubule membrane

Diagrammatic Representations in Quantum Theories

Starting from a mathematical basis where one analyses and developing different techniques in how to solve and represent different kinds of integrals with diagrams. Representing the integrals as n-valent vertices and introducing propagators is a great tool that helps with the book-keeping of the solutions and will sometimes do the calculations redundant. The symmetries of diagrams are analysed and how one extracts the symmetry factors from looking at a diagram by using some fairly simple combinatorics and cleverness. Introducing the probability amplitude and do some analysis of the path integral formulation is the step into physics. Discussing experiments as the double-slit experiment and deriving the Schrödinger equation from the generating functional. Looking at diagrams in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory will explore the use of the crucial understanding of our generators for the diagrams. This thesis makes use of the so called generating functional almost throughout and to connect the first discussed mathematics to real physical theories is the aim

Diagrammatic Representations in Quantum Theories

Starting from a mathematical basis where one analyses and developing different techniques in how to solve and represent different kinds of integrals with diagrams. Representing the integrals as n-valent vertices and introducing propagators is a great tool that helps with the book-keeping of the solutions and will sometimes do the calculations redundant. The symmetries of diagrams are analysed and how one extracts the symmetry factors from looking at a diagram by using some fairly simple combinatorics and cleverness. Introducing the probability amplitude and do some analysis of the path integral formulation is the step into physics. Discussing experiments as the double-slit experiment and deriving the Schrödinger equation from the generating functional. Looking at diagrams in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory will explore the use of the crucial understanding of our generators for the diagrams. This thesis makes use of the so called generating functional almost throughout and to connect the first discussed mathematics to real physical theories is the aim

The Communicative State : Political Public Relations and the Rise of the Innovation Hype in Sweden

Government agencies in Sweden are experiencing a communicative turn where notions concerning branding, image and identity have become standardized tools and concerns. Public relations, with its focus on persuasion and creating relations with external actors, is part of this communicative turn. This book is concerned with how government agencies practice political public relations in a more communicatively orientated political landscape. By describing and analyzing two government agencies’ public relations work, this dissertation aims to understand how contemporary agencies use persuasion and the management of external relations in order to promote political issues and the political and democratic implications these practices may subsequently have. In the post-financial crisis of 2008, innovation emerged as a political issue on many government agencies’ agendas. Public relations practices were implemented by government agencies on an unprecedented scale in order to promote innovation issues. Considering this increase, I have labeled innovation a political hype. By applying a multiple case study, this dissertation follows the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications and the Swedish Institute’s public relations work in their promotion of innovation issues. These two organizations are used as a window through which to perceive the public relations practices government agencies in Sweden at large have at their disposal. The multiple case study approach was fruitful, as it provided this study with two different cases by which to perceive government agencies’ public relations. Two methods were employed for gathering the empirical material. Twentysix qualitative interviews were conducted with the government agencies’ employees, all of whom were responsible for public relations practices. A targeted sampling of government documents (directives, meeting protocols, strategies, policies, SOUs) that were created by the agencies in order to facilitate and enable their public relations practices were collected and analyzed. This dissertation employs an interdisciplinary framework, where sociology and cultural researchers (Michel Foucault, Peter Miller, Nikolas Rose, Barbara Czarniawska, amongst others) are fused with critical public relations researchers (Jacquie L’Etang, Lee Edwards, Judy Motion, Shirley Leitch, amongst others).The dissertation makes a number of findings that are of interest to public relations research. First, the research shows some of the discursive shifts that have made public relations practices into feasible concerns for the two government agencies. Second, looking at these shifts discloses the role networks have come to play for government agencies. These networks can be beneficial, but also asymmetrical in terms of power relations. Third, my findings suggest that political issues are selected based on what I call their “communicative appeal”. This dissertation thus introduces the term “PR-ization” of government agencies’ as a way of capturing this, something that has political and potentially even democratic implications. Fourth, my findings reveal some of the unforeseen aspects of public relations. Fifth, political hypes are not innocent, but assemble actors and distribute resources unevenly. The political and democratic implications of these findings are discussed