Growth determinants of start-ups in Eastern Germany: a comparison between innovative and non-innovative firms

This empirical analysis deals with the determinants of growth and the explanation of variations in the growth between innovative and non-innovative start-ups. Based on theoretical models explaining the growth of firms, hypotheses on potential determinants are formulated. The regression results indicate strong correlations between the growth rate on the one side and firmspecific, founder-specific as well as external factors on the other side. These factors influence the growth rates of innovative and non-innovative young firms in different ways. It becomes obvious that large and mature firms have smaller growth rates than small and young innovative as well as non-innovative firms. Moreover, other firm-specific characteristics like legal form and formal links to other firms from Western industrialised countries have an impact on the development of start-ups. With respect to founder-specific characteristics, positive effects can be derived from the human capital of the founder(s). This holds especially for technological disciplines whereas business knowledge plays a minor role. In addition to firm and founder characteristics, locationspecific factors controlling for agglomeration effects and the industry structure in the Eastern German counties have an impact on growth. Comparing annual growth rates of start-ups, innovative start-ups grow on average faster than non-innovative start-ups. --New Technology-based Firms,Employment Growth,Determinants of Growth

Welche Bedeutung haben Unternehmenscharakteristika und regionales Umfeld für die Beschäftigungsdynamik? Eine mikroökonometrische Analyse für das ostdeutsche Verarbeitende Gewerbe

In this paper, we analyse the influence of firm characteristics and the regional environment on employment growth of East German manufacturing firms between 1992 and 1996. Our results confirm the negative impact of firm size and age on employment growth found in various studies for several developed economies. An additional negative effect far firms which have emerged from former state-owned establishments can only be observed for firms with more than nine employees. Our analysis also shows some evidence that there exists a positive influence of localization economies on the firm specific growth rate of employment. Furthermore. the regional wage rate influences the growth rate in the expected way. --

Unternehmensgründungen in Ostdeutschland

Diese Arbeit soll einen ersten Beitrag leisten, die bestehenden Informationsdefizite hinsichtlich des Gründungsgeschehens in den neuen Bundesländern zu reduzieren. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei zunächst auf der Deskription regionaler, sektoraler und temporaler Unterschiede des Eintritts neuer, nicht aus den ehemaligen Staatsbetrieben hervorgegangener Unternehmen im Zeitraum von Januar 1990 bis Dezember 1994 (Kapitel 4). Bereits vorliegende empirische Resultate werden dabei den hier erzielten Ergebnissen gegenübergestellt. Die Darstellung umfasst weiterhin einen ausführlichen Vergleich mit der sektoralen Verteilung der während des gleichen Zeitraums in den alten Bundesländern neugegründeten Unternehmen. Darüber hinaus werden auch erste Ergebnisse ökonometrischer Schätzungen zu den Determinanten räumlicher Disparitäten in der Gründungsinzidenz auf dem Aggregationsniveau der Stadt- und Landkreise vorgestellt (Kapitel 5). Umfangreichere Analysen zur letzteren Fragestellung bleiben einer folgenden Untersuchung vorbehalten. Ein Ausblick auf diese Forschungsarbeiten sowie eine Zusammenfassung der hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse sind Gegenstand von Kapitel 6. Zunächst erfolgt im nachstehenden Abschnitt eine Beschreibung der Datenbasis der Untersuchung. In Kapitel 3 wird dann ein Vergleich der hier verwendeten Daten mit den Gewerbeanmeldungen und der Anzahl der im Rahmen des Eigenkapitalhilfe (EKH)-Programms geförderten Unternehmen vorgenommen

Growth determinants of start ups in Eastern Germany: A comparision between innovative and non-innovative firms

This empirical analysis deals with the determinants of growth and the explanation of variations in the growth between innovative and non-innovative start-ups. Based on theoretical models explaining the growth of firms, hypotheses on potential determinants are formulated. The regression results indicate strong correlations between the growth rate on the one side and firmspecific, founder-specific as well as external factors on the other side. These factors influence the growth rates of innovative and non-innovative young firms in different ways. It becomes obvious that large and mature firms have smaller growth rates than small and young innovative as well as non-innovative firms. Moreover, other firm-specific characteristics like legal form and formal links to other firms from Western industrialised countries have an impact on the development of start-ups. With respect to founder-specific characteristics, positive effects can be derived from the human capital of the founder(s). This holds especially for technological disciplines whereas business knowledge plays a minor role. In addition to firm and founder characteristics, locationspecific factors controlling for agglomeration effects and the industry structure in the Eastern German counties have an impact on growth. Comparing annual growth rates of start-ups, innovative start-ups grow on average faster than non-innovative start-ups

Unternehmensgründungen in Ostdeutschland

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Processing of affective words in adolescent PTSD—Attentional bias toward social threat

Klein F, Schindler S, Neuner F, et al. Processing of affective words in adolescent PTSD—Attentional bias toward social threat. Psychophysiology. 2019;56(11): e13444.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a hypersensitivity to potential threat. This hypersensitivity manifests through differential patterns of emotional information processing and has been demonstrated in behavioral and neurophysiological experimental paradigms. However, the majority of research has been focused on adult patients with PTSD. To examine possible differences in underlying neurophysiological patterns for adolescent patients with PTSD after childhood sexual and/or physical abuse (CSA/CPA), ERP correlates of emotional word processing in 38 healthy participants and 40 adolescent participants with PTSD after experiencing CSA/CPA were studied. The experimental paradigm consisted of a passive reading task with neutral, positive (e.g., paradise), physically threatening (e.g., torment), and socially threatening (i.e., swearing, e.g., son of a bitch) words. A modulation of P3 amplitudes by emotional valence was found, with positive words inducing less elevated amplitudes over both groups. Interestingly, in later processing, the PTSD group showed augmented early late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes for socially threatening stimuli, while there were no modulations within the healthy control group. Also, region-specific emotional modulations for anterior and posterior electrode clusters were found. For the anterior LPP, highest activations have been found for positive words, while socially and physically threatening words led to strongest modulations in the posterior LPP cluster. There were no modulations by group or emotional valence at the P1 and EPN stage. The findings suggest an enhanced conscious processing of socially threatening words in adolescent patients with PTSD after CSA/CPA, pointing to the importance of a disjoined examination of threat words in emotional processing research. © 2019 The Authors Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research

Improved Wound Healing of Airway Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Time Course-Related Proteome Analysis

The promising potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment as a new therapeutic option in the field of medicine, particularly in Otorhinolaryngology and Respiratory medicine, demands primarily the assessment of potential risks and the prevention of any direct and future cell damages. Consequently, the application of a special intensity of CAP that is well tolerated by cells and tissues is of particular interest. Although improvement of wound healing by CAP treatment has been described, the underlying mechanisms and the molecular influences on human tissues are so far only partially characterized. In this study, human S9 bronchial epithelial cells were treated with cold plasma of atmospheric pressure plasma jet that was previously proven to accelerate the wound healing in a clinically relevant extent. We studied the detailed cellular adaptation reactions for a specified plasma intensity by time-resolved comparative proteome analyses of plasma treated vs. nontreated cells to elucidate the mechanisms of the observed improved wound healing and to define potential biomarkers and networks for the evaluation of plasma effects on human epithelial cells. K-means cluster analysis and time-related analysis of fold-change factors indicated concordantly clear differences between the short-term (up to 1 h) and long-term (24-72 h) adaptation reactions. Thus, the induction of Nrf2-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress response, PPAR-alpha/RXR activation as well as production of peroxisomes, and prevention of apoptosis already during the first hour after CAP treatment are important cell strategies to overcome oxidative stress and to protect and maintain cell integrity and especially microtubule dynamics. After resolving of stress, when stress adaptation was accomplished, the cells seem to start again with proliferation and cellular assembly and organization. The observed strategies and identification of marker proteins might explain the accelerated wound healing induced by CAP, and these indicators might be subsequently used for risk assessment and quality management of application of nonthermal plasma sources in clinical settings. Copyright © 2019 Christian Scharf et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Unternehmensgruendungen in Ostdeutschland

Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel C 198661 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Determinanten regionaler Unterschiede in der Gründungsdynamik : eine empirische Analyse für die neuen Bundesländer

Unternehmensgründungen können wesentlich zur Lösung der gegenwärtigen Beschäftigungsprobleme und zur Bewältigung des Strukturwandels beitragen. Dies trifft im besonderen Maße für den ostdeutschen Transformationsprozeß zu, in dem sich aber zunehmend regionale Disparitäten herauskristallisieren. Um diese regionalen Unterschiede zu erklären, untersucht der Verfasser den Einfluß der Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Infrastruktur der ostdeutschen Kreise auf die Anzahl der hier neu entstandenen Unternehmen. Er stützt sich dabei auf eine Befragung ostdeutscher Unternehmen sowie das ZEW-Gründungspanel. Insgesamt zeigen sich deutliche Unterschiede in der Bedeutung einzelner Standortfaktoren zwischen den verschiedenen Branchen, aber auch zwischen den Tochtergründungen westlicher Unternehmen und den sonstigen Gründungen