Analysis of the correlation between aortic diameter, heart size, and type of coronary circulation

The objective of this study was to analyse the correlation between aortic diameter, heart size, and type of coronary circulation. The study was carried out on 102 human hearts (59 male and 43 female). Casts of the vascular system of each heart were prepared using epoxide resins. The hearts were measured for their size and aorta diameter, and classified to a coronary circulation type. The examination of materials indicated no significant correlation between aortic diameter and sex or coronary circulation type. However, a statistically significant correlation between aortic diameter and heart volume index was found. Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 30-3

Analysis of the influence of heart size and gender on coronary circulation type

Currently, there are many types of classification of coronary circulation. The first type was introduced in 1904 by Banchi. Hettler provides very detailed criteria for the type classification based on the course of the anterior and posterior interventricular branches. Hettler defined the following types: left coronary artery dominance, right coronary artery dominance, and co-dominant. The objective of this study was to analyse coronary circulation types in the studied material and their correlation with heart size and gender. The study was carried out on 102 human hearts (59 male and 43 female). True casts of coronary vessels were obtained using epoxide resins. The prepared specimens were measured for heart dimensions and evaluated for coronary circulation type. The majority of the specimens were classified as the co-dominant type, followed by the right coronary artery dominant type. The left-dominant coronary artery type represented the lowest number of heart specimens. No statistically significant correlation between the type of coronary circulation and heart size or gender was found. The coronary circulation type is not correlated with heart size or with gender. This confirms that it is a hereditary trait. Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 35-4

Energy transfer study on Tb3+/Eu3+ Co-activated sol-gel glass-ceramic materials containing MF3 (M = Y, La) nanocrystals for NUV optoelectronic devices

In the present work, the Tb3+/Eu3+ co-activated sol-gel glass-ceramic materials (GCs) containing MF3 (M = Y, La) nanocrystals were fabricated during controlled heat-treatment of silicate xerogels at 350 C. The studies of Tb3+ ! Eu3+ energy transfer process (ET) were performed by excitation and emission spectra along with luminescence decay analysis. The co-activated xerogels and GCs exhibit multicolor emission originated from 4fn–4fn optical transitions of Tb3+ (5D4 !7FJ, J = 6–3) as well as Eu3+ ions (5D0 ! 7FJ, J = 0–4). Based on recorded decay curves, it was found that there is a significant prolongation in luminescence lifetimes of the 5D4 (Tb3+) and the 5D0 (Eu3+) levels after the controlled heat-treatment of xerogels. Moreover, for both types of prepared GCs, an increase in ET e ciency was also observed (from ET 16% for xerogels up to ET = 37.3% for SiO2-YF3 GCs and ET = 60.8% for SiO2-LaF3 GCs). The changes in photoluminescence behavior of rare-earth (RE3+) dopants clearly evidenced their partial segregation inside low-phonon energy fluoride environment. The obtained results suggest that prepared SiO2-MF3:Tb3+, Eu3+ GC materials could be considered for use as optical elements in RGB-lighting optoelectronic devices operating under near-ultraviolet (NUV) excitation

The thickness of the ventral midline of the spinal cord in human embryos during the fifth week

The thickness of the ventral midline of the spinal cord was determined in 9 human embryos aged five weeks (developmental stages 13-15). This part of the spinal cord consists of floor plate, mantle and marginal layers. The floor plate ependymal cells form pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The thickness of the investigated structure varied from 20 to 50 micrometers at different levels of the spinal cord

Computer simulation of the aluminium extrusion process

The purpose of the work is computer simulation of the aluminium extrusion process using the Finite elements method (FEM). The impact of the speed of a punch falling on the material in the aluminium extrusion process was investigated. It was found that high stresses are created, leading to material destruction, if the punch is falling too fast. The design cycle is significantly reduced in multiple industrial applications if the FEM is applied, which enhances productivity and profits

Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Regulate Protein Trafficking, Signaling, and the Biogenesis of Primary Cilia

The primary cilium is a solitary, microtubule-based membrane protrusion extending from the surface of quiescent cells that senses the cellular environment and triggers specific cellular responses. The functions of primary cilia require not only numerous different components but also their regulated interplay. The cilium performs highly dynamic processes, such as cell cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly as well as delivery, modification, and removal of signaling components to perceive and process external signals. On a molecular level, these processes often rely on a stringent control of key modulatory proteins, of which the activity, localization, and stability are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). While an increasing number of PTMs on ciliary components are being revealed, our knowledge on the identity of the modifying enzymes and their modulation is still limited. Here, we highlight recent findings on cilia-specific phosphorylation and ubiquitylation events. Shedding new light onto the molecular mechanisms that regulate the sensitive equilibrium required to maintain and remodel primary cilia functions, we discuss their implications for cilia biogenesis, protein trafficking, and cilia signaling processes

Nieślubne potomstwo władców Europy Środkowej w XIV wieku

Out-of-wedlock offspring of the Rulers in Central Europe in the 14th c.On the example of the rulers of Central Europe in the 14th century, the author showed not only the phenomenon of illegitimate offspring of kings, but above all, he drew attention to their social status. Undoubtedly, it was the out-of-wedlock offspring of king Kazimierz Wielki /Casimir the Great/ that occupied the lowest position on the social ladder (3 illegitimate sons: Niemierz, Jan and Pełka), about whom little is known, whereas more detailed information concerning it is known from the writings of historian Jan Długosz who lived in the 15th century. The natural sons of the Polish king were completely forgotten by their father who did not ensure them decent posts and offices. The plight of the illegitimate children of the Czech and Hungarian rulers is quite different. Almost every illegitimate son of a Czech or Hungarian king became a bishop or else received another high church benefice, ensuring a high level of material existence. Koloman, the son of Charles Robert, became a bishop of Győr; Jan Voltek, the son of the Czech king Vaclav II, became a bishop of Olomuniec; Nicolas, the son of John of Luxemburg, was the bishop of Naumburg, and subsequently a patriarch of Aquilea. Whereas Elizabeth, the daughter of Vaclav II (or III), became an abbess. A career within the church seemed to be quite natural for the illegitimate offspring of the ruling families, as they were deprived of the rights to inherit the crown

Chrzest Węgier

W artykule przedstawiono okoliczności przyjęcia przez Węgry wiary chrześcijańskiej w latachsiedemdziesiątych X wieku, za czasów księcia Gejzy, i późniejsze działania misjonarzy w zakresiekrzewienia nowej wiary. Pierwsze próby chrystianizacji Węgrów miały miejsce w połowieX stulecia ze strony Bizancjum, ale po klęsce wojsk węgierskich w bitwie nad rzeką Lechw 955 roku ówcześni przywódcy Madziarów zwrócili się w stronę chrześcijaństwa łacińskiego.W wyniku prośby księcia Gejzy skierowanej do cesarza Ottona I przybył na Węgry Brunonz Sankt Gallen, którzy nie tylko ochrzcił rodzinę książęcą, ale także kilka tysięcy Węgrów.Późniejsze działania misyjne prowadzili, z różnym skutkiem, misjonarze: Wojciech, Brunonw Kwerfurtu i Gellért. Szczególną sympatię wśród Węgrów zyskał sobie Gellért, przybyszz Wenecji, który poniósł męczeńską śmierć w trakcie pogańskiego powstania w 1046 roku