519 research outputs found
Wertgebende Inhaltsstoffe in Spitzwegerich (Plantago lanceolata L.) und weiteren Plantago-Arten
Bioactive constituents of ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) and further Plantago specie
Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry—A Review
Polyphenols are natural substances that have been shown to provide various health benefits.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been described. At the same time,
they inhibit the actions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Thus, studies have also examined their effects
within the oral cavity. This review provides an overview on the different polyphenols, and their
structure and interactions with the tooth surface and the pellicle. In particular, the effects of various
tea polyphenols on bioadhesion and erosion have been reviewed. The current research confirms
that polyphenols can reduce the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Furthermore, they can decrease
the adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface and improve the erosion-protective properties of the
acquired enamel pellicle. Tea polyphenols, especially, have the potential to contribute to an oral
health-related diet. However, in vitro studies have mainly been conducted. In situ studies and
clinical studies need to be extended and supplemented in order to significantly contribute to additive
prevention measures in caries prophylaxis
Olive Oil as a Transport Medium for Bioactive Molecules of Plants? : An In Situ Study
(1) Caries and erosions still remain a challenge for preventive dentistry. Certain plant
extracts have shown beneficial effects in preventive dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the antibacterial, anti-adherent and erosion-protective properties of ellagic acid (EA) as a polyphenolic
agent. The combination with olive oil was investigated additionally to verify a possible improved
bioactive effect of EA. (2) An in situ study was carried out with six subjects. Individual splints were
prepared with bovine enamel specimens. The splints were worn for 1 min (pellicle formation time).
Thereafter, 10 min rinses were performed with EA in water/in oil. Bacterial adherence was evaluated
by fluorescence microscopy (DAPI, ConA, BacLight) after an 8 h oral exposition time. Additionally,
the splints were worn for 30 min to quantify demineralization processes. The ultrastructure of the
pellicle was investigated after an oral exposure time of 2 h under a transmission electron microscope.
Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal–Wallis tests, Mann–Whitney U tests and Bonferroni–
Holm correction. (3) Rinsing with EA led to a significant reduction of adherent vital and dead bacteria.
The combination with olive oil did not improve these outcomes. The assessment of glucan structures
after rinsing with EA in water showed significant effects. Significant differences were observed for
both rinses in calcium release at pH 3.0. After rinsing with EA in oil, significantly less calcium was
released compared to rinsing with EA in water (pH = 3.0). (4) Olive oil is not suitable as a transport
medium for lipophilic polyphenols. EA has anti-adherent and antibacterial properties in situ. EA also
shows erosion-protective effects, which can be enhanced in combination with olive oil depending on
the pH value. Ellagic acid has a neutral pH and could be an opportunity in the treatment of specific
patient groups (xerostomia or mucositis)
Vergleich schneller, einfacher und robuster Extraktionsmethoden für die Qualitätskontrolle von Thymian
Comparison of fast, easy, and robust extraction methods for quality control of thym
Polyphenole in Cistus incanus Tee: Ein wichtiges Qualitätskriterium zur Beurteilung der antibakteriellen Wirkung
Polyphenols in Cistus incanus tea: An important quality criterion for the evaluation of the antibacterial effec
Karies- und Erosionsschutz durch Thymian? In vitro und in situ Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit
Thyme for caries and erosion protection? In vitro and in situ investigations for efficacy testin
Impact of fungal contamination of wheat on grain quality criteria
peer-reviewedThe aim of this study was to investigate the spread of minimal, field born Fusarium infections in wheat during storage and the resulting impact on grain quality. Therefore, Fusarium culmorum was chosen as the representative strain. Wheat grains were artificially infected and stored for 6 weeks in a model system. To estimate the fungal growth, the ergosterol content was determined as this correlates with the fungal biomass. Ergosterol levels revealed a rapid spread of the infection during storage conditions. Furthermore, analysis of nine mycotoxins showed that Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone occurred in concentrations exceeding the maximum residue limits. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated the penetration of the fungus into the endosperm and showed the degradation of important seed constituents, such as starch and storage proteins. This is mainly due to the increased activity of proteases and amylases by the fungal metabolism. The results of this study show how small levels of field contamination can easily spread during storage and so lead to significant losses in grain quality and present a potential consumer health hazard. Thus, it demonstrates the need to develop efficient methods for crop protection during storage, without compromising the quality
Cholesterol-raising diterpenes in types of coffee commonly consumed in Singapore, Indonesia and India and associations with blood lipids: A survey and cross sectional study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To measure the content of cholesterol-raising diterpenes in coffee sold at the retailer level in Singapore, Indonesia and India and to determine the relationship of coffee consumption with lipid levels in a population-based study in Singapore.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Survey and cross-sectional study in local coffee shops in Singapore, Indonesia and India to measure the diterpene content in coffee, and a population-based study in Singapore to examine the relationship of coffee consumption and blood lipid levels. Interviews and coffee samples (n = 27) were collected from coffee shops in Singapore, Indonesia and India. In addition, 3000 men and women who were Chinese, Malay, and Indian residents of Singapore participated in a cross-sectional study.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>The traditional 'sock' method of coffee preparation used in Singapore resulted in cafestol concentrations comparable to European paper drip filtered coffee (mean 0.09 ± SD 0.064 mg/cup). This amount would result in negligible predicted increases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Similarly low amounts of cafestol were found in Indian 'filter' coffee that used a metal mesh filter (0.05 ± 0.05 mg/cup). Coffee samples from Indonesia using the 'sock' method (0.85 ± 0.41 mg/cup) or a metal mesh filter (0.98 mg/cup) contained higher amounts of cafestol comparable to espresso coffee. Unfiltered coffee from Indonesia contained an amount of cafestol (4.43 mg/cup) similar to Scandinavian boiled, Turkish and French press coffee with substantial predicted increases in serum cholesterol (0.33 mmol/l) and triglycerides (0.20 mmol/l) concentrations for consumption of 5 cups per day. In the Singaporean population, higher coffee consumption was not substantially associated with serum lipid concentrations after adjustment for potential confounders [LDL-cholesterol: 3.07 (95% confidence interval 2.97-3.18) for <1 cup/week versus 3.12 (2.99-3.26) for ≥ 3 cups/day; p trend 0.12].</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on the low levels of diterpenes found in traditionally prepared coffee consumed in Singapore and India, coffee consumption in these countries does not appear to be a risk factor for elevation of serum cholesterol, whereas samples tested from Indonesia showed mixed results depending on the type of preparation method used.</p
Relations between lipoprotein(a) concentrations, LPA genetic variants, and the risk of mortality in patients with established coronary heart disease: a molecular and genetic association study
Background:
Lipoprotein(a) concentrations in plasma are associated with cardiovascular risk in the general population. Whether lipoprotein(a) concentrations or LPA genetic variants predict long-term mortality in patients with established coronary heart disease remains less clear.
Methods:
We obtained data from 3313 patients with established coronary heart disease in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. We tested associations of tertiles of lipoprotein(a) concentration in plasma and two LPA single-nucleotide polymorphisms ([SNPs] rs10455872 and rs3798220) with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality by Cox regression analysis and with severity of disease by generalised linear modelling, with and without adjustment for age, sex, diabetes diagnosis, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate, LDL-cholesterol concentration, and use of lipid-lowering therapy. Results for plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations were validated in five independent studies involving 10 195 patients with established coronary heart disease. Results for genetic associations were replicated through large-scale collaborative analysis in the GENIUS-CHD consortium, comprising 106 353 patients with established coronary heart disease and 19 332 deaths in 22 studies or cohorts.
Findings:
The median follow-up was 9·9 years. Increased severity of coronary heart disease was associated with lipoprotein(a) concentrations in plasma in the highest tertile (adjusted hazard radio [HR] 1·44, 95% CI 1·14–1·83) and the presence of either LPA SNP (1·88, 1·40–2·53). No associations were found in LURIC with all-cause mortality (highest tertile of lipoprotein(a) concentration in plasma 0·95, 0·81–1·11 and either LPA SNP 1·10, 0·92–1·31) or cardiovascular mortality (0·99, 0·81–1·2 and 1·13, 0·90–1·40, respectively) or in the validation studies.
Interpretation:
In patients with prevalent coronary heart disease, lipoprotein(a) concentrations and genetic variants showed no associations with mortality. We conclude that these variables are not useful risk factors to measure to predict progression to death after coronary heart disease is established.
Funding:
Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technical Development (AtheroRemo and RiskyCAD), INTERREG IV Oberrhein Programme, Deutsche Nierenstiftung, Else-Kroener Fresenius Foundation, Deutsche Stiftung für Herzforschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Saarland University, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Willy Robert Pitzer Foundation, and Waldburg-Zeil Clinics Isny
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